The effect of multispecies probiotic supplementation on interoception in healthy individuals - A mechanism that could alleviate depression and anxiety?

Background: Research indicates that probiotics, specific strains of beneficial bacteria, are beneficial against anxiety and depression. There are indications that a potential mechanism behind this might be that probiotics alter interoception and the way we respond to our body needs, which is reflected in interoception. Both critically influence anxiety and depression. Objective: The present study aimed to test whether administering probiotics over a period of four weeks increases the degree of interoception and adaptive responding to body needs in healthy individuals. Also, anxiety and depression were measured. Confirming an increase in the degree of interoception and adaptive responding would show that probiotics trigger a mechanism that reduces anxiety and depression. Design: The study was set up as a randomized, tripleblinded, placebo-controlled within/between subject (placebo versus probiotics), pre- and postintervention assessment design. 89 healthy participants without...Show moreBackground: Research indicates that probiotics, specific strains of beneficial bacteria, are beneficial against anxiety and depression. There are indications that a potential mechanism behind this might be that probiotics alter interoception and the way we respond to our body needs, which is reflected in interoception. Both critically influence anxiety and depression. Objective: The present study aimed to test whether administering probiotics over a period of four weeks increases the degree of interoception and adaptive responding to body needs in healthy individuals. Also, anxiety and depression were measured. Confirming an increase in the degree of interoception and adaptive responding would show that probiotics trigger a mechanism that reduces anxiety and depression. Design: The study was set up as a randomized, tripleblinded, placebo-controlled within/between subject (placebo versus probiotics), pre- and postintervention assessment design. 89 healthy participants without diagnosed mood or anxiety disorders, aged 18-35 years, received multispecies (diverse strains) probiotics or placebo supplementation over four weeks. In the pre- and post-intervention, degree of interoceptive awareness, adaptive responses, depression, and anxiety. Results: There were no significant changes on any measure, but one unexpected decrease in adaptive responding for the probiotics group. Conclusion: It cannot be concluded that probiotics increase the degree of interoceptive awareness and adaptive responding. Moreover, the results suggest that anxiety and depression are not influenced by probiotics in a healthy sample. However, insights from other research suggests that the effect might be stronger in a depressed and anxious sample. Further research is needed to see whether probiotics might affect interoception and adaptive responding differently in depressed and anxious individuals.Show less

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The effect of multispecies probiotic supplementation on interoception in healthy individuals - A mechanism that could alleviate depression and anxiety?