Sex differences in fMRI Alzheimer disease (AD) classification accuracy

Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that impacts females substantially more than men. However, not much research has been conducted on the classification possibilities of functional MRI (fMRI) on the basis of sex, although fMRI may be a better classifier of AD in women as functional connectivity (FC) research has shown that women with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show weaker connectivity in the hippocampal area as compared to males. This research investigated if 1) functional connectivity is a better classifier of AD for females compared to males and 2) the addition of functional connectivity to grey matter density for AD classification improves accuracy more for females than for males. The measures grey matter density (GMD), functional connectivity between brain regions (FC) and a combined model of the two measures predicted the classification of AD or control, analyzed separately for males (AD = 30, controls = 74) and females (AD = 46, controls = 99)...Show moreAlzheimer’s dementia (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that impacts females substantially more than men. However, not much research has been conducted on the classification possibilities of functional MRI (fMRI) on the basis of sex, although fMRI may be a better classifier of AD in women as functional connectivity (FC) research has shown that women with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show weaker connectivity in the hippocampal area as compared to males. This research investigated if 1) functional connectivity is a better classifier of AD for females compared to males and 2) the addition of functional connectivity to grey matter density for AD classification improves accuracy more for females than for males. The measures grey matter density (GMD), functional connectivity between brain regions (FC) and a combined model of the two measures predicted the classification of AD or control, analyzed separately for males (AD = 30, controls = 74) and females (AD = 46, controls = 99). This was done with a logistic regression analysis with LASSO penalty. The results found that, unlike expected, males increased their AUC value (AUC = 0.941) when the FC measure was combined with the GMD measure (AUC = 0.959). The females however showed a decrease in their AUC value (AUC = 0.876) when the FC measure was combined with the GMD measure (AUC = 0.860). The FC measure also had a higher AUC value on its own in males (AUC = 0.723) versus females (AUC = 0.626). This shows that the FC measure used in this research increases accuracy of AD classification in males and implies that fMRI is not a better classifier of Alzheimer in females and does not improve diagnosis when compared to solely using structural MRI (sMRI).Show less

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Sex differences in fMRI Alzheimer disease (AD) classification accuracy