Moving Memories Set in Stone: The Construction, Contestation, and Transformation of the Columbus Circle Monument in New York as a Dynamic Site of Memory.

Although their immobility in spatial and temporal context, monuments are far from being passive observers. Monuments play an active role in shaping the narrative of their surroundings through their visual presence and symbolic significance. They contribute to an understanding of the world, evoke emotions and ignite discussions about history, identity, and values. In some cases, monuments themselves become subjects of debate and controversy. This thesis explores the symbolism and meaning of the Columbus Circle monument in New York as a 'site of memory’, across the lifespan of the monument. In recent years, the Columbus Circle monument in New York City has become a focal point of intense scrutiny and discussion. As the perception of the famous Christopher Columbus has shifted over time, certain groups find that the monument should be removed, recontextualized or replaced. The case serves as a reminder that monuments are not static containers of the past as they are influenced by...Show moreAlthough their immobility in spatial and temporal context, monuments are far from being passive observers. Monuments play an active role in shaping the narrative of their surroundings through their visual presence and symbolic significance. They contribute to an understanding of the world, evoke emotions and ignite discussions about history, identity, and values. In some cases, monuments themselves become subjects of debate and controversy. This thesis explores the symbolism and meaning of the Columbus Circle monument in New York as a 'site of memory’, across the lifespan of the monument. In recent years, the Columbus Circle monument in New York City has become a focal point of intense scrutiny and discussion. As the perception of the famous Christopher Columbus has shifted over time, certain groups find that the monument should be removed, recontextualized or replaced. The case serves as a reminder that monuments are not static containers of the past as they are influenced by ongoing processes that shape them as sites of memory. This thesis will examine the meaning and symbolism of the monument over its lifetime thorough a careful analysis of archival material on the monument, which provides valuable insights into the way people engage with the monument, and into opinions and meanings that shaped its significance. Utilizing the theoretical frameworks of collective memory and sites of memory, this study seeks to uncover meaningful connections, patterns, and interpretations that address the research question. This thesis will conclude that the Columbus Circle monument in New York has undergone a complex evolution in its symbolism and meaning, explained into three discernible phases: the process of construction, the dynamics of contestation, and the transformative nature of its meaning and symbolism. Finally this thesis will contemplate about monumentality and its implications, as societies change and statues no longer represent a current consensus.Show less

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Moving Memories Set in Stone: The Construction, Contestation, and Transformation of the Columbus Circle Monument in New York as a Dynamic Site of Memory.