Childhood Maltreatment and the Long-term Burden of Insomnia Among Individuals With Lifetime Depression and/or Anxiety and Among Controls: A Longitudinal Study

Rationale: Studies show a direct, dose-response link between childhood maltreatment and insomnia in adulthood. Insomnia is often a precursor of depressive and anxiety disorders. Moreover, insomnia may be an important transdiagnostic factor in the impact of childhood maltreatment on depression and anxiety. The association of childhood maltreatment subtypes with adulthood insomnia in clinical and control populations remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the contributions of the (1) overall severity of childhood maltreatment and (2) severity of childhood maltreatment subtypes to the long-term burden of adulthood insomnia with and without lifetime depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: Data (N = 1609; nclinical = 1285) was obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, a naturalistic multi-site project containing six assessment waves over nine years. Measurements included the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument - lifetime version, the Women's Health...Show moreRationale: Studies show a direct, dose-response link between childhood maltreatment and insomnia in adulthood. Insomnia is often a precursor of depressive and anxiety disorders. Moreover, insomnia may be an important transdiagnostic factor in the impact of childhood maltreatment on depression and anxiety. The association of childhood maltreatment subtypes with adulthood insomnia in clinical and control populations remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the contributions of the (1) overall severity of childhood maltreatment and (2) severity of childhood maltreatment subtypes to the long-term burden of adulthood insomnia with and without lifetime depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: Data (N = 1609; nclinical = 1285) was obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, a naturalistic multi-site project containing six assessment waves over nine years. Measurements included the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument - lifetime version, the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - short form. Analyses included separate multiple linear regressions controlling for gender. Findings: Overall childhood maltreatment correlated positively with the long-term burden of insomnia among clinical and control samples. All maltreatment subtypes were associated positively with the insomnia burden in the clinical sample, and only emotional abuse with the burden among controls. Females showed a higher burden than males in analyses with subtypes among controls. Conclusions: Further research is needed to verify the generalizability and robustness of results and explore potential risk/resilience moderators of this link. Clinical work may target insomnia prevention strategies among adults exposed to childhood maltreatment, especially females and individuals with lifetime depression and/or anxiety.Show less

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Childhood Maltreatment and the Long-term Burden of Insomnia Among Individuals With Lifetime Depression and/or Anxiety and Among Controls: A Longitudinal Study