Een voorbeschouwing van de machtstrijd tussen Ambassadeur in Cuba Benjamin Sumner Welles en Cordell Hull in 1933 wanneer Welles op het eiland is om toe te zien op een machtsoverdracht
In my search to find reasons for cultural aloofness and art only being appreciated visually, I found theories, which suggest that throughout cultural associations these lost meanings can be...Show moreIn my search to find reasons for cultural aloofness and art only being appreciated visually, I found theories, which suggest that throughout cultural associations these lost meanings can be recovered. This masters thesis explores the church of Saint Johann Nepomuk (Asamkirche, 1733-46) as created by Egid and Cosmas Asam as a product of its contemporary culture, which is dominated by theatricality. The theories of emblem studies and rhetoric in art provide a basis for this analysis as paralleled by literature and theatre studies, in the form of two texts, which relate theatre to the eighteenth century art. Through a historical presentation on the artists and the building, followed by a descriptive overview of the space and the culture in which it developed, and ending in an application of emblem studies and rhetoric: a theatrical language. The essay concludes that Asamkirche is a theatrical space where meaning can be found through interdisciplinary comparisons. Even though culture has changed there are ways back through relics such as, literature, documents and other art works to understand not just the iconography of art but the cultural rhetoric of art. It is my hope that more interdisciplinary exchange, especially between the literature studies and art history disciplines, can derive more meaning from art and architecture in the future. Asamkirche is rhetorical, and emblematic not simply iconographic, there is a complicated language of theatre that exists a long side of the simplistic reading.Show less
Dit werkstuk gaat over de Nederlandse militaire inlichtingendienst Netherlands Forces Intelligence Service (NEFIS) ten tijde van de dekolonisatie van Nederlands-Indië (1945-1949). Dit onderzoek...Show moreDit werkstuk gaat over de Nederlandse militaire inlichtingendienst Netherlands Forces Intelligence Service (NEFIS) ten tijde van de dekolonisatie van Nederlands-Indië (1945-1949). Dit onderzoek tracht verklaringen te vinden voor de operationele veranderingen van twee afdelingen van de NEFIS die verantwoordelijk waren voor het verzamelen van inlichtingen: de radio-interceptiedienst en de buitenkantoren. De NEFIS in Nederlands-Indië is een onderwerp dat weinig onderzocht is, waardoor de literatuur over dit onderwerp schaars is. Dit werkstuk is daarom gebaseerd op uitgebreid archiefonderzoek.Show less
Latin American modernism(s) has always attracted the attention of art historians because of its historical context of colonialism and highly syncretized culture. Its arts show how different forces,...Show moreLatin American modernism(s) has always attracted the attention of art historians because of its historical context of colonialism and highly syncretized culture. Its arts show how different forces, intrinsic or extraneous, converge and interact to result in what is deemed Latin American modern art today. Haiti, being a Creole-speaking country which is mainly composed of African descendants, cannot always find an appropriate place within this discussion. The two historical accounts of modern art - that of Latin America and that of the Caribbean - intersect but do not collaborate to form a coherent narration. What is the more urgent problem here is that Haitian modern art is hardly defined or described. This thesis examines the art of Haiti after the 1930s and arrives at the conclusion that the ethos of community could be utilized to characterize the idiosyncrasy of Haitian modern culture. Community permeates in every aspects of Haitian modern life: from society, economics, to politics and religion. The artworks of Préfète Duffaut (1923-2012) and Laurent Casimir (1928-1990) reveal how community is depicted in oil paintings and how this theme is related to the social and economic life of Haiti. The participatory art of Joëlle Ferly (1970- ) and the photographic series of Josué Azor (1987- ) show how community is established in the religious life of Haiti. The theory of the ethos of modernism by American art historian Esther Gabara, the concept of “other modernisms” by Australian art historian John Clark and the theory about participatory art by Claire Bishop are examined here and form the general analytical structure of this thesis. The research is based on a careful reading of the historical documents and scholarly works which explain the significance of community for Haiti and on a series of art historical literature which visualize the development of Haitian art from the 1930s until recent years.Show less
Een onderzoek over de houding van de protestants christelijke politieke partijen in de jaren 30 van de 20e eeuw tegenover het vraagstuk van de joodse vluchtelingen.
This Master Thesis is written for the master Arts and Culture at Leiden University, with the specialization Early Modern and Medieval Art. In 2013, the canals of Amster-dam celebrated their 400th...Show moreThis Master Thesis is written for the master Arts and Culture at Leiden University, with the specialization Early Modern and Medieval Art. In 2013, the canals of Amster-dam celebrated their 400th birthday, a fact that inspired several authors in publishing books on this subject, most of them discussing several houses on the canals. This Thesis focuses on one canal house in Amsterdam, with address Amstel 218. This specific canal house is nowadays the location of one of Holland's largest and most important private art collections, the Six Collection. This collection has been located on Amstel 218 since 1915, and this study handles the period before this time. The chosen period is 1665-1800, from the moment the house was built until the end of the eighteenth century. This focus on the eighteenth century derives from, first of all, the fact that the Dutch seventeenth century or Golden Age has been rewarded much more attention in the existing (art)historical literature. Next to this, in the literature that does focus on the eighteenth century, a strong opinion is visible deeming this century less interesting from cultural historical viewpoint than its predecessor. This Thesis aims to bring focus to this period and hopefully uncover the lives of the people that owned a canal house in Amsterdam. The aim is to find out who lived in such a house, and to complete the face of these people, questions are asked such as: what did these people do professionally, were they born in a rich milieu or were they self made rich? What did their social surrounding look like, both professionally and in terms of family and friends and what were their interests, what did they do for recreation and education. To answer these questions, original eighteenth century archival documents are investigated to see what these home-owners did and what possessions they had. The goal of this Thesis is to give a face to these people, and see how the studied per-sons fit into the view that exists in current literature on the eighteenth century. This study will be carried out with the help from terms as formulated by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. These three terms are introduced in his book 'Distinction', that mainly deals with the topic of social stratification. The formulated terms are social, cultural and economic capital and are important in distinguishing a persons personal properties on a social, cultural and economical level. Abbreviated, social capital consists of the entire social network that a person has, both professionally and personally. Cultural capital is the collection of ones educational properties, together with for instance musical or creative talents, or the ability to speak different languages. Economic capital is the entire concrete possession of money, property and other goods or affairs that can instantly be translated into monetary value. These three terms are inextricably connected, because the growth in one specific area can influence that of the others. For example, expansion of economic capital can provide the owner with more social status. The other way around, social status or connections can provide jobs or other financial support and thus influence the economic capital. The first chapter elaborated these terms further, as well as it discussed Bourdieus influence on (art)historical literature. It also discussed the work of histori-ans Maarten Prak and Thera Wijsenbeek-Olthuis, whose literature on the Dutch eighteenth century is very important in this Thesis’ aim to draw an image of the lives of people in this period. ` The second chapter discussed the house itself and the entire history of its inhabitants. Amstel 218 was built in circa 1665, and archival documents show who owned the house from that day until today. As well as the history of the inhabitants, the chapter discussed all known architectural adjustments that the house has seen through the ages. This chapter unveiled that there were large differences in the duration of the ownership. Some owners stayed for six years, while others could last for thirty. In terms of the architectural history of the house, the extent to which the owners made adjustments to the house also differed greatly. The third chapter presented all the information found in archival documents, per owner. It discussed marriage, children, professional functions and religion of these owners, all discovered in original sources. Differences became clear in all aspects. While everyone got married, some families remained childless where others had five children. Amongst the owners were roman-catholics, Calvinists and a Baptist. The chapter discussed what these religious viewpoints meant at the time, as well as what their jobs represented. Several of the inhabitants were merchants, others had functions with the VOC and one of them worked as an auctioneer. This chapter also reviewed the information about their financial situation, derived from testaments or other financial documents. The fourth chapter discussed the lives of these people in their social historical context, guided by Bourdieus terms. In this chapter, it becomes clear that these people are exemplary of the social historical context, as formulated by different historians. The eighteenth century was defined by interest in science, a great divide between the poor and the rich, a longing for peace and quiet outside of the city and a great care for the exposition of status. Based on the original sources is concluded that these owners probably suited their time. This Thesis has tried to sketch an image of the lives of the people that lived in a grand canal house in Amsterdam, in the eighteenth century. Based on archival documents, we have learned what these people did for a living, what their social net-work could look like and what they had in terms of possessions. Although these people came from different social standings, they all owned the same house at some point. The sources disclosed that these people had more in common than just the house, for they shared some of the same interests and possessions, such as almoner ship, literature, religion, a love for the countryside and, most of all, the tendency to show off their social, cultural and economical status.Show less
Deze thesis gaat over het effect dat de invoering van de vingerafdrukwet, ingevoerd in 2007, heeft op de buitenlanders die Japan bezoeken of in Japan willen gaan wonen. Om hier een goed onderzoek...Show moreDeze thesis gaat over het effect dat de invoering van de vingerafdrukwet, ingevoerd in 2007, heeft op de buitenlanders die Japan bezoeken of in Japan willen gaan wonen. Om hier een goed onderzoek voor op te bouwen, wordt er ook gekeken naar de redenen voor de invoering van de wet. Aan de hand van het concept crimmigratie, wordt er kritisch gekeken naar deze vingerafdrukwet.Show less
Deze scriptie behandelt het scala aan kapseltrends die in de Romeinse keizertijd te vinden waren en bestudeert de ontwikkeling en de verspreiding van deze trends aan de hand van moderne modellen....Show moreDeze scriptie behandelt het scala aan kapseltrends die in de Romeinse keizertijd te vinden waren en bestudeert de ontwikkeling en de verspreiding van deze trends aan de hand van moderne modellen. Onderzocht wordt of de bevindingen uit de oudheid passen in moderne modellen over trendverspreiding en of er een alternatief model ontwikkeld kan worden dat specifiek voor de situatie in de oudheid geldt.Show less
In this thesis, I demonstrate the influence of the events of the Paris Commune on the ideological and personal conflict between Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin within the First International. In...Show moreIn this thesis, I demonstrate the influence of the events of the Paris Commune on the ideological and personal conflict between Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin within the First International. In their writings, both Marx and Bakunin depicted the Commune as a historical phenomenon that confirmed their own ideas about socialist revolution. To Marx, the Commune figured as an example of a strong, central workers’ government. To Bakunin, the Parisians’ insurrection was initially an anarchist revolution, until Jacobins took over control and tried to organize Paris politically, thereby denying its anarchist origins. These conflicting interpretations of the Commune intensified the ideological and personal rivalry between the Marxist and Bakuninist factions inside the First International. Marx and the General Council increasingly acted authoritarian while the Bakuninists openly defied their legitimacy. In this strife, both factions claimed the Paris Commune on their side. Finally, at the congress in The Hague in September 1872, the Marxists enforced their doctrines of political action and enhanced powers of the General Council, and overcame the Bakuninist minority by expelling its spiritual leaders, including Bakunin.Show less
Ten tijden van de viering van 100 jaar koninkrijk in 1913, speelde in Nederland zowel de polariserende kracht van de verzuiling als de samenbindende kracht van het nationalisme. In dit onderzoek...Show moreTen tijden van de viering van 100 jaar koninkrijk in 1913, speelde in Nederland zowel de polariserende kracht van de verzuiling als de samenbindende kracht van het nationalisme. In dit onderzoek wordt gekeken wat belangrijker was voor de lokale viering in de gemeente Wateringen. Voor Wateringen is gekozen omdat dit een katholieke gemeente is in het protestante Zuid Holland.Show less
Aan de hand van het album met aquarellen van Adriaen Pietersz. van de Venne wordt gekeken naar hoe mensen door deze schilder maatschappelijk en moreel werden gepositioneerd.
