In this thesis research has been conducted regarding the following question: is it possible to translate the long Qur’anic surah sūrat al-Raḥmān into Dutch, whereby the following three criteria are...Show moreIn this thesis research has been conducted regarding the following question: is it possible to translate the long Qur’anic surah sūrat al-Raḥmān into Dutch, whereby the following three criteria are met: 1. the meaning is preserved 2. the oral and aural aspect is conveyed 3. the translation is presented in natural and accessible Dutch. To meet the criterion of aurality and orality the translation must meet the testible criteria of rhyme, metre, parallelism, lexical echoes, conciseness, the relation between the sound of words and the atmosphere of a verse or surah, and repetition, which are the most important linguistic structures underlying orality and aurality. Recognizability for Muslims is part of the criterion of meaning. A translation method according to these criteria has been used in the testcase and the translation process has been described. The above resulted in a translation that met the criteria of the research question.Show less
In formal peace negotiations, women often do not get a seat at the table. However, the growing field of everyday peacebuilding argues that peacebuilding does not only take place at the negotiation...Show moreIn formal peace negotiations, women often do not get a seat at the table. However, the growing field of everyday peacebuilding argues that peacebuilding does not only take place at the negotiation table, but also in everyday interactions between “normal” people. In order to find out how everyday peacebuilding works, this research project uses the case study of women in Lebanon to explore in what ways women in Lebanon contribute to peacebuilding in informal and non-organised ways. Hereby this study fills a significant research gap, as no research has yet been done on women and everyday peacebuilding in Lebanon. Through carrying out and analysing qualitative interviews with Lebanese women, this study concludes that the women contribute to everyday peacebuilding by avoiding conflicts and expressing unity and solidarity between groups in Lebanese society. The women recognise these actions as important parts of peacebuilding, and do not see a gendered element in their actions.Show less
This paper opens a discussion into sustainable practices and their influences on museums. It specifically examines how museums have used fashion and textile exhibitions to advocate for...Show moreThis paper opens a discussion into sustainable practices and their influences on museums. It specifically examines how museums have used fashion and textile exhibitions to advocate for sustainability while further presenting suggestions on how museums can proceed with sustainable goals in mind. Understanding that sustainability in museums needs collaborative and international aid to be implemented successfully, this research hopes to deepen scholarly pursuits in this subject by analysing how European museums have fostered environmental awareness and how they have used collective action to educate audiences on the interplay of materials and sustainability ethics.Show less
De metafoor is een dankbaar argumentatiemiddel in de politiek. Een metafoor dient ertoe een complex concept te bezien in termen van een concreter concept. Zodoende worden bepaalde eigenschappen...Show moreDe metafoor is een dankbaar argumentatiemiddel in de politiek. Een metafoor dient ertoe een complex concept te bezien in termen van een concreter concept. Zodoende worden bepaalde eigenschappen benadrukt, terwijl andere eigenschappen worden verdrongen. Hierdoor heeft de metafoor een sturende werking. In navolging van de Conceptuele Metaforentheorie (CMT) wordt in dit onderzoek ervan uitgegaan dat metaforen alomvattend en systematisch zijn. Metaforen zijn volgens deze theorie verbonden met het menselijk conceptueel systeem. Mensen zouden in hun hoofd conceptuele metaforen hebben, waar systematisch talige metaforen uit voortvloeien. In deze kwalitatieve studie is exploratief onderzocht op welke manier links-progressieve politici metaforen als argumentatiemiddel hebben ingezet in het debat over de Spreidingswet in vergelijking met rechts-conservatieve politici; zij hebben verschillende opvattingen over het onderwerp migratie. Hierbij is onderzocht of dit leidt tot verschillend metafoorgebruik. Dit onderzoek is relevant omdat in reeds uitgevoerd onderzoek naar migratiemetaforen gegevens ontbreken over links-progressief en Nederlands gebruik hiervan. Reeds uitgevoerd onderzoek naar migratiemetaforen identificeerde rechts-conservatief gebruik van metaforen dat ertoe diende om migranten te dehumaniseren en mensen bang te maken voor migranten, om zo het standpunt te ondersteunen dat het land waarin zij wonen minder of geen migranten moet opnemen. De onderzoeksvraag van dit onderzoek luidt: ‘Hoe maken Kati Piri en Jasper van Dijk gebruik van metaforen om hun standpunten te verdedigen in het debat over de Spreidingswet, in vergelijking met Ruben Brekelmans en Gidi Markuszower?’ Ter beantwoording van de onderzoeksvraag is voor de identificatie van talige metaforen geput uit de Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP, na uitbreiding aan de Vrije Universiteit (VU) verworden tot MIPVU) die ertoe dient om het identificatieproces objectiever, systematischer en generaliseerbaarder te maken, waar behoefte aan was vanuit onderzoekers die kritisch waren over deze aspecten bij toepassing van de CMT. Met deze methode zijn transcripten van het Spreidingswetdebat in de Tweede Kamer geanalyseerd. Voor de ontwarring van conceptuele metaforen bestaat geen systematische analysemethode. Dat analyseonderdeel blijft inherent interpretatief en subjectief. Uit de analyse blijkt dat de links-progressieve politici Kati Piri en Jasper van Dijk enkel migratiemetaforen inzetten met betrekking tot het doeldomein ‘migranten’, met als doel om empathie voor migranten op te wekken ter ondersteuning van het standpunt dat de Spreidingswet moet worden aangenomen zodat migranten op een meer humane manier kunnen worden opgevangen. Zij bezien migranten in termen van water, objecten en dieren. Deze metaforen zijn oorspronkelijk geïdentificeerd als metaforen die rechts-conservatieve anti-migratieretoriek ondersteunen, maar Piri en Van Dijk zetten deze in om links-progressieve pro-migratiestandpunten te ondersteunen. De metaforen van Piri en Van Dijk zijn overwegend niet-opzettelijk en hebben daarom geen sterke sturende werking. De rechts-conservatieve politici Ruben Brekelmans en Gidi Markuszower bezien migranten als water en objecten om hen te dehumaniseren, om zo empathie voor migranten te minimaliseren om een streng migratiebeleid te rechtvaardigen. Zij bezien de Spreidingswet in termen van een ‘magneet’ voor migranten en een ‘kerstcadeau’ voor gemeenten om de standpunten te ondersteunen dat de Spreidingswet leidt tot meer migratie naar Nederland en dat deze wet te willekeurig kan worden toegepast. De argumentatie van Brekelmans en Markuszower is dat het invoeren van de Spreidingswet leidt tot een onwenselijke situatie in Nederland. Zij bezien Nederland daarom in termen van een asielzoekerscentrum, en bezien een land met veel migranten als de hel en een land met weinig migranten als de hemel. Alle geïdentificeerde metaforen van Brekelmans en Markuszower zijn potentieel opzettelijk en hebben daarom een sterke sturende werking. Piri en Van Dijk zetten dus niet bij alle doeldomeinen metaforen in, Brekelmans en Markuszower wel. Piri en Van Dijk sturen daarbij bovendien minder sterk met metaforen dan Brekelmans en Markuszower. Door een discrepantie in het corpus en vraagtekens bij de representativiteit van de politici voor hun flank is vervolgonderzoek naar meer politici van beide flanken nodig.Show less
My Master Thesis will focus on comparing two works of fiction, Virginia Woolf’s 1928 novel Orlando: A Biography and Charlie Kaufman’s 2020 film, I’m Thinking of Ending Things. These two seemingly...Show moreMy Master Thesis will focus on comparing two works of fiction, Virginia Woolf’s 1928 novel Orlando: A Biography and Charlie Kaufman’s 2020 film, I’m Thinking of Ending Things. These two seemingly unrelated and temporally distant works find common ground in their complex interpretation of the theme of Time. Both Woolf’s writing and Kaufman’s cinematography manage to capture the intricacy of non-linear time, and history through the lens of subjectivity and individual consciousness. This Thesis's main aim is to thoroughly analyze how both works destabilize the commonly misunderstood concept of Time and in turn, highlight a different, more philosophical side of it. To do so effectively, I will utilize Henri Bergson’s philosophy and specifically his concept of “la durée” (duration), which he extensively theorizes upon in his books “Creative Evolution” and “Time and Free Will”. Themes of Subjectivity, gender, as well as rebirth/creation, will all be inspected in various ways through Bergson’s theories.Show less
The Eurozone crisis is an example of how democratic regimes can be threatened under emergencies, and it revealed two contributing phenomena – the state of exception and technocracy. This thesis...Show moreThe Eurozone crisis is an example of how democratic regimes can be threatened under emergencies, and it revealed two contributing phenomena – the state of exception and technocracy. This thesis aims to understand the link between the two in the context of emergency politics, through the paradox of politics. This paradox, which can be traced back to Rousseau, brings to light an aporia in democratic politics, where we need good citizens to make good laws and good laws to make good citizens. This thesis starts by analysing each phenomenon individually and the way they threaten democracy. It then interprets them through the paradox of politics as arrangements meant to resolve that paradox, but infringing upon the ideal of democracy it subscribes to (inspired by the analysis of political theorist Bonnie Honig). Finally, it analyses the link between them and the potentials for the democratization of emergency politics. The main conclusions are 1) in emergency politics, technocracy and exception display a link of mutual reinforcement that infringes upon democratic politics (empirically and conceptually), and 2) the democratization of emergency politics requires not only a deexceptionalization of emergency (as suggested by Honig), but also a process of detechnocratization of democracy.Show less
Since the reforms brought forward in the Meiji period, Japan has been experiencing secularization. As Durkheim argues, religion is what connects and controls society, the secularization has caused...Show moreSince the reforms brought forward in the Meiji period, Japan has been experiencing secularization. As Durkheim argues, religion is what connects and controls society, the secularization has caused people to feel anxious and disconnected with the world around them. Especially during the Corona pandemic, these feelings were strengthened. Contemporary Japanese spirituality has been trying to find a cure for this through self-care. Fans found their cure through participation in oshikatsu. According to research conducted by Harada et al., oshikatsu increases one’s well- being. In order to explain why this is the case, this thesis explorers the role of oshikatsu in today’s Japanese society. By applying Durkheim’s model of religion, which argues that religion is a mode of human communication and connectedness, on oshikatsu, one is able to understand the role oshikatsu plays as an alternative religion, connecting fans of the same oshi through religious practices as brought forward by the four pillars of: collecting, devotion, sharing and supporting.Show less
This thesis studies the factors that have influenced Taiwanese cyberse- curity governance, starting with the conception of cybersecurity. The theo- retical frameworks of securitization and threat...Show moreThis thesis studies the factors that have influenced Taiwanese cyberse- curity governance, starting with the conception of cybersecurity. The theo- retical frameworks of securitization and threat politics are employed for this purpose. A collection of 66 policy papers, government reports, and speeches by Taiwanese officials on cybersecurity was compiled for this purpose. Dis- course analysis was done through several rounds of coding, leading to the creation of two frames that represent Taiwanese policy makers’ conception of cybersecurity: the Digital Development Frame and the National Defense Frame. The Digital Development Frame views cybersecurity as an oppor- tunity for innovation and growth in Taiwan, with cybersecurity serving as its foundation. The National Defense Frame emphasizes the security threat posed by cyberattacks to Taiwanese society. These two frameworks high- light how the conception of cybersecurity by policy makers change which factors are relevant, and what policies are implemented. Relevant external factors were found to be: the threat landscape, local political and economic context, and the positioning of the state towards the private sector.Show less
Within South Korean society, living alone has long been stigmatized due to the prevalence of normative beliefs about the family and the life course. However, after the IMF crisis of 1997, social...Show moreWithin South Korean society, living alone has long been stigmatized due to the prevalence of normative beliefs about the family and the life course. However, after the IMF crisis of 1997, social structural issues led to a rapid increase in young people living alone. Despite this social change, the stereotype that people living alone are abnormal or incomplete continues to persist. This thesis looks at representations of young single-person households in South Korean documentaries broadcasted between 2020-2023. The most notable findings are that documentaries by the broadcaster KBS reinforce traditional family ideology or only subtly challenge it, whereas documentaries by the broadcaster MBC actively and directly challenge traditional family ideology. The documentaries of both broadcasters are unbalanced: the documentaries focus either on negative experiences of living alone or on positive experiences of living alone. Documentaries that focus on the latter are more likely to challenge traditional family ideology. Moreover, young single-person households in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, low-income young single-person households in difficult circumstances and young single-person households who live in ‘special’ co-living or communal housing are overrepresented.Show less
This thesis explores the factors contributing to the complexity of finding a perfect depiction of Jesus, addressed through three sub-questions. First, the arguments for changing the dominant white...Show moreThis thesis explores the factors contributing to the complexity of finding a perfect depiction of Jesus, addressed through three sub-questions. First, the arguments for changing the dominant white depiction of Jesus reveal historical and contemporary social contexts as significant factors. Historical arguments highlight the importance of Jesus's story and social class, while contemporary arguments focus on societal impacts, such as racial attitudes. Second, the nature of powerful religious symbols is examined, showing how individual perceptions and the interplay of inner and outer worlds affect a symbol's power. Third, the responsibility of depicting Jesus's image is discussed, involving religious institutions, individuals, museums, and artists, emphasizing the collective responsibility to foster a meaningful and inclusive representation. The thesis concludes that the complexity arises from historical and contemporary arguments, individual symbolism, and the various entities involved in depicting Jesus. Highlighting the ongoing debate and collective responsibility, the thesis underscores the importance of continuous dialogue and awareness in shaping the image of Jesus, acknowledging the impossibility of a universally perfect depiction.Show less
This research focuses on the relationship between political activism and civic service provision for Kyoto University’s Yoshida Dormitory. It does this by analyzing the impact of the civil lawsuit...Show moreThis research focuses on the relationship between political activism and civic service provision for Kyoto University’s Yoshida Dormitory. It does this by analyzing the impact of the civil lawsuit that Kyoto University has filed against Yoshida Dormitory. In summary, the Dormitory shows that we can no longer maintain the black-and-white distinction between the underground left-wing activist and the passive, non-political CSOs. Instead, the Dormitory is both: dynamic in pursuing multiple goals simultaneously and effective as a welfare-oriented group because it engages in advocacy. This is not a contradiction: the Dormitory’s inherent illegitimacy, the rebelliousness as a relic of the radical past, is vital to the welfare functions.Show less
This thesis critically explores the literary representations of passivity in the sentimental novel, and examines how passivity relates to agency by conducting a close reading of Samuel Richardson’s...Show moreThis thesis critically explores the literary representations of passivity in the sentimental novel, and examines how passivity relates to agency by conducting a close reading of Samuel Richardson’s Pamela and Clarissa. It reveals that the concepts of passivity and agency are not inherently contradictory by demonstrating that the heroines of Richardson’s novels are able to enact agency through their passivity.Show less
