Hoe kun je als Westers bedrijf succes hebben op de Chinese consumentenmarkt? Aan de hand van vier begrippen - patriottisme, protectionisme, Shanzhai en guanxi - wordt geanalyseerd hoe deze...Show moreHoe kun je als Westers bedrijf succes hebben op de Chinese consumentenmarkt? Aan de hand van vier begrippen - patriottisme, protectionisme, Shanzhai en guanxi - wordt geanalyseerd hoe deze karakteristieken invloed hebben op Westerse bedrijven die in China opereren, met Apple als succesvoorbeeld. Conclusie: de Westerse onderneming dient voorzichtig om te gaan met Chinees patriottisme. Kleine misstappen kunnen groots uitpakken; soms ligt de oorzaak van anti-Westers sentiment buiten de macht van de onderneming. Ondanks patriottisme is er een groep Chinese consumenten die een hang heeft naar Westerse producten, zeker de wereldmerken die door hen als ‘sociaal statusverhogend’ beschouwd worden. Westerse bedrijven dienen rekening te houden met protectionistische regels en voorschriften. Soms kan hiermee door aanpassing van strategie of met behulp van guanxi relatief makkelijk omgegaan worden. Soms vormen de protectionistische maatregelen oneerlijke concurrentie die niet te omzeilen is. Shanzhai-bedrijfjes vormen concurrentie vanwege hun ‘thuisvoordeel’: bekendheid met consument, geografische factoren en Chinese cultuur. Daarnaast kunnen zij door schending van intellectueel eigendom en kopieergedrag innovatieve en namaakproducten goedkoop aanbieden. Het Westerse product moet dus zo uniek zijn dat de Chinese consument geen namaak wil; ook verkooptechniek is in dit verband belangrijk. Het maken en onderhouden van guanxi met zakelijke contacten en overheidsfunctionarissen kan enorme voordelen hebben om zaken voor elkaar te krijgen. Dit vraagt om kennis van de Chinese cultuur en gebruiken.Show less
In deze scriptie staat de toelating van zending en missie in Nederlands-Indië centraal. Een belangrijk thema in dit onderzoek is de plaats van godsdienst in de koloniale politiek. Zendelingen en...Show moreIn deze scriptie staat de toelating van zending en missie in Nederlands-Indië centraal. Een belangrijk thema in dit onderzoek is de plaats van godsdienst in de koloniale politiek. Zendelingen en missionarissen hadden een bijzondere toelating van de Gouverneur-Generaal nodig om hun dienstwerk te kunnen doen. De Nederlandse regering wilde namelijk voorkomen dat er onrust onder de Indonesische bevolking zou ontstaan door zending en missie toe te laten. In het parlement bestonden allerlei ideeën over het toelaten van zending en missie in het toenmalig Nederlands-Indië, maar de beeldvorming over dit onderwerp wordt completer als ook wordt onderzocht hoe leden van de Volksraad in Indië hierover dachten. In dit onderzoek worden daarom opvattingen over de toelating van zending en missie in Indië uit de handelingen van de Staten-Generaal en de Volksraad over de periode van 1911 tot 1935 met elkaar vergeleken. Dit onderzoek laat zien hoe en waarom discussies over de toelating van zending en missie in het parlement en de Volksraad inhoudelijk van elkaar verschilden.Show less
This study focuses on the anti-footbinding movement initiated by the Western missionaries in late Qing China. Western missionaries were the first group of people who advocated the abolishment of...Show moreThis study focuses on the anti-footbinding movement initiated by the Western missionaries in late Qing China. Western missionaries were the first group of people who advocated the abolishment of footbinding, and their activities had facilitated the spread of this movement. However, as the intention of western missionary in China was to Christianize the Chinese, did their anti-footbinding movement contribute to the recruitment of more Chinese converts? If not, why? Centering on this research question, the thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the general missionary history in China and the positions of the Catholics and the Protestants on the issue of footbinding. Chapter 2 is a case study on Rev.John Macgowan’s anti-footbinding effort in Amoy. This case shows how missionary handled the anti-footbinding issue in a local area of China and what problems the missionary met during his practice. Chapter 3 is another case study on Young John Allen and the famous newspaper Wanguo gongbao he launched which had great influence in the modern history of China. Through the discussions of anti-footbinding in the newspaper, Allen successfully drew the attention of the Chinese reformers on the anti-footbinding issue. Young’s case signals a transition of the anti-footbinding movement from missionaries to a wider public. This transition led the anti-footbiding movement to a further development in China. However, it also implies the loosening of ties between anti-footbinding movement and the evangelical cause. Chapter 4 is a study of the larger social context of late Qing China which produced much antagonism and few support for the Western missionaries’ anti-footbinding movement, as the Western imperialists’ advancement in China affected the images of missionaries and made people unwilling to associate themselves with Christianity, even if they might support the abolishment of footbinding.Show less
This research addresses the consequences of a shift from analogue to digital filmmaking on storytelling strategies in contemporary cinema. The drastic changes in the technology of representation...Show moreThis research addresses the consequences of a shift from analogue to digital filmmaking on storytelling strategies in contemporary cinema. The drastic changes in the technology of representation had a pivotal impact not only on the visual style of film, but have also lead to a rupture in the classic narrative tradition. Cause and effect strategies have been substituted by an inversely enthused logic of new media objects; consequently it is only viable to analyze contemporary cinema from this angle, addressing newly emerged complex narratives that have risen to the occasion in response to the ever-growing popularity of video games and the omnipresence of various web-based environments.Show less
This thesis analyses the English borrowings in a corpus of Dutch original and translated cookbooks. The main purpose is to determine whether translators’ tendency to explain and clarify causes them...Show moreThis thesis analyses the English borrowings in a corpus of Dutch original and translated cookbooks. The main purpose is to determine whether translators’ tendency to explain and clarify causes them to produce translations that contain fewer anglicisms than similar original Dutch texts. The results show that the anglicisms found in the translations and original texts are similar in terms of type, function, and degree of conventionality, but the total number of anglicisms is larger for the corpus of original texts.Show less
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man was published in 1916. It was written “in several phases between 1903 and 1914” (Gabler 83). Eventually, in 1907,...Show moreA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man was published in 1916. It was written “in several phases between 1903 and 1914” (Gabler 83). Eventually, in 1907, Joyce began to write A Portrait, in its final form. “This reached the state of intermediary manuscript during 1907 to 1911. In 1913-14, the novel was completed” (Gabler 83). The five chapters of the novel deal with different stages of Stephen’s life, in particular, the periods of infancy, boyhood, and adolescence. The subject matter of the novel is Stephen’s mental and spiritual development to the point where he becomes the artist he aspires to be. The novel is very concise and depicts the major milestones in his life, people and events, that marked him and formed him as a person, and as an artist. The novel is considered as one of the most representative samples of modernist literature, because of its narrative technique. In A Portrait, Joyce abandons the style of narration which he had used in Stephen Hero, and instead he employs the so called ‘stream of consciousness’ and ‘free indirect discourse’. ‘Stream of consciousness’ is a narrative technique that attempts “to convey all the contents of a character’s mind—memory , sense perceptions, feelings, intuitions, thoughts—in relation to the stream of experience as it passes by, often at random” (Gray 274).Show less
Compared to the protagonist of the classic Who series, since 2005 the Doctor has darkened considerably. This finding of moral complexity in the character best shows itself in ambiguities in the way...Show moreCompared to the protagonist of the classic Who series, since 2005 the Doctor has darkened considerably. This finding of moral complexity in the character best shows itself in ambiguities in the way in which the Doctor addresses and discusses (with 'laymen' in the show, such as his companions, or passers-by who somehow get involved) the show’s monsters and villains, and himself.Show less
Esta tesina buscará investigar el valor metafórico del topos de la ruina en la época postsoviética en Cuba por medio del texto Un Arte de Hacer Ruinas, del escritor cubano Antonio José Ponte. La...Show moreEsta tesina buscará investigar el valor metafórico del topos de la ruina en la época postsoviética en Cuba por medio del texto Un Arte de Hacer Ruinas, del escritor cubano Antonio José Ponte. La ruina es lo que queda de la imagen de un pasado idealizado y la abundancia de las ruinas en el texto de Ponte hace visible la omnipresencia de la memoria en la ciudad. En esta tesina se explorará qué significa vivir entre tantas memorias y cómo afecta la imagen actual de la ciudad.Show less
Over the last two decades the productivity gap between the United States and the European Union has increased. In the 1990s the EU was one of the leading countries in the IT (information technology...Show moreOver the last two decades the productivity gap between the United States and the European Union has increased. In the 1990s the EU was one of the leading countries in the IT (information technology) development. With huge firms like Nokia who introduced the GSM standard for mobile telecommunication the European Union was a significant player. However, since the 1990s the EU lost its important market positions to countries like the USA and China. Dominant companies like Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft all have their roots in the American soil. the main question this paper wants to answer is: Why is the European Union lagging behind the United States in the development of the IT market?Show less
While the use of computational strategies in humanistic inquiry have been discussed extensively, cultural, political and societal aspects of digital humanities tools have not been addressed.This...Show moreWhile the use of computational strategies in humanistic inquiry have been discussed extensively, cultural, political and societal aspects of digital humanities tools have not been addressed.This paper discusses the possibility and necessity of the tool criticism in digital humanities.Show less
La llegada de Chávez al poder produjo cambios considerables en el “panorama mediático” del país, que se debieron principalmente a los distintos vaivenes políticos que el país ha vivido, y al...Show moreLa llegada de Chávez al poder produjo cambios considerables en el “panorama mediático” del país, que se debieron principalmente a los distintos vaivenes políticos que el país ha vivido, y al contexto político que han emergido de tales transformaciones. Dichos cambios dieron paso a que la lucha por la libertad de expresión en Venezuela se convirtiera en un espacio de primer orden en la lucha de la hegemonía cultural entre los medios y el Estado. Los medios de comunicación pueden tanto reflejar la realidad, como construirla. Debido a esto, los gobiernos populistas encuentran en la representación mediática, el terreno ideal para establecer una relación “pueblo”-líder. Entendido como un gobierno populista, este trabajo busca esclarecer que tipo de relación estable el gobierno de Hugo Chávez con los medios de comunicación. En primera instancia, el presente trabajo hace un análisis sobre el escenario mediático en Venezuela, antes de la llegada de Hugo Chávez. Éste se divide en dos periodos: 1950-1990 y 1990-1999. Seguidamente, este trabajo hace un análisis de los dos primeros presidenciales del Presidente Hugo Chávez, entre 1999-2001 y entre 2001-2007.Show less
