Er wordt betoogd dat samenwerkende traditionele politieke partijen in toenemende mate een kartel vormen, onderdeel van de staat worden en gebruik maken van de middelen van de staat om het...Show moreEr wordt betoogd dat samenwerkende traditionele politieke partijen in toenemende mate een kartel vormen, onderdeel van de staat worden en gebruik maken van de middelen van de staat om het voortbestaan van de partij te garanderen. Hierdoor zouden partijen steeds meer op elkaar gaan lijken. Deze ontwikkeling ligt mogelijk deels ten grondslag aan de ontevredenheid van burgers over het functioneren van de traditionele politieke partijen. Zo zijn partijen steeds lastiger van elkaar de onderscheiden. Dit kan de legitimiteit van partijen en politieke bestel in zijn geheel in gevaar brengen. In deze scriptie wordt onderzocht of de Nederlandse traditionele politieke partijen ideologisch convergeren. De conclusie is dat de Nederlandse traditionele politieke partijen PvdA, CDA en VVD steeds lastiger van elkaar zijn te onderscheiden.Show less
Abstract This study has examined whether language ability is related to the social skills of children in elementary school and to what extent social cognition plays a mediating role in this...Show moreAbstract This study has examined whether language ability is related to the social skills of children in elementary school and to what extent social cognition plays a mediating role in this relation. For language ability is made a distinction between receptive and productive language. Interventions for stimulating language ability could contribute to a healthy social development. This could diminish or even prevent behavior problems. Based on the administered test material, 61 respondents were included out of the ‘TalentenKracht’ project. The following instruments were used. Language development is examined by means of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, social cognition is examined by means of the Sociaal Cognitieve Vaardigheden Test and the level of social skills is based on the parent questionnaire of the Social Skills Rating System. The participants are aged 9 to 12 and attend elementary school. The results indicate that language ability has a positive effect on social skills. The more developed the language ability, the more developed the social skills of the children. For expressive language, but not for receptive language, a positive effect on social cognition is found as well. However, social cognition does not seem to be a mediating factor in the language ability-social skills relation. This study needs to consider whether using more comprehensive test material than a parent questionnaire for the measurement of social skills, could produce different results. Further research is needed to examine multiple types of language ability, to examine a more comprehensive definition of social cognition and to clarify the role of social cognition regarding the level of social skills.Show less
Starting in 2015, the Dutch youth healthcare system will be decentralized and transformed. To smoothen this transition into a ‘new’ healthcare system it is important to prevent families from going...Show moreStarting in 2015, the Dutch youth healthcare system will be decentralized and transformed. To smoothen this transition into a ‘new’ healthcare system it is important to prevent families from going into intensive healthcare by investing in prevention- or early intervention programmes. In the current study the influences of socio-economic status (SES), parental stress and being an only child on the social competence of a child are investigated. The social competence of a child is divided into two compartments; social behaviour and social cognition. A well-developed social competence is linked to better school results and stronger friendships throughout childhood, while a poorly developed social competence is linked to loneliness and underachievement. The research took place in Den Haag, Noordwijk and Zeeuws-vlaanderen and included 160 participants in the age of 4 to 9. Information was gathered through questionnaires and a test. The results showed no effect for SES. Nor was there an effect for being an only child, which means that children who grow up without siblings do not show a difference in social competence then children who do have siblings. The effect of parental stress on social behaviour in a child showed a significant result. This means that, if parents experience relatively more stress from raising their child, this child shows more problems in social behaviour. When this relationship was more closely examined, it showed that this effect is mainly caused by stress derived from parental experiences of social isolation, problems in attachment, and demanding behaviour in the child. Because of these specific sources of stress it seems as if parental stress ‘merely’ plays a mediating role between some form of (social) anxiety or social isolation within the parent. It seems important to investigate this theory in future research so that prevention- and early intervention programme’s can be adapted accordingly.Show less
Disciplineren is een belangrijk aspect in de opvoeding van kinderen en wordt veelvuldig onderzocht. Er zijn echter relatief weinig onderzoeken gedaan waarbij het verbale disciplineergedrag van...Show moreDisciplineren is een belangrijk aspect in de opvoeding van kinderen en wordt veelvuldig onderzocht. Er zijn echter relatief weinig onderzoeken gedaan waarbij het verbale disciplineergedrag van beide ouders is onderzocht in relatie tot het internaliserende probleemgedrag van kinderen. In de huidige studie is daarom onderzocht of het verbale disciplineergedrag van zowel vaders als moeders een voorspeller is van internaliserend probleemgedrag van zowel jongens als meisjes. De data zijn verkregen uit het longitudinale onderzoek ‘Boys Will Be Boys?’. De steekproef bestond uit 100 kinderen (M = 4.00; SD = 0.30) en hun beide ouders. Verbaal disciplineergedrag van de ouder is gemeten door middel van een taak waarbij de ouder ervoor moest zorgen dat het kind gedurende twee minuten niet aan aantrekkelijk speelgoed kwam. Na twee minuten mocht het kind met het minst aantrekkelijke speelgoed spelen. Bij deze taak is het aantal verbale reacties van de ouder op het ongehoorzame gedrag van het kind gemeten. Internaliserend probleemgedrag van het kind is gemeten door middel van de Preschool Child Behavior Checklist. Zowel het verbale disciplineergedrag van vaders als moeders was geen voorspeller van het internaliserende probleemgedrag van kinderen. Ondanks dat er in deze studie geen relaties zijn gevonden hebben eerdere studies wel gevonden dat er een verband bestaat tussen het verbale disciplineergedrag van ouders en het internaliserende probleemgedrag van kinderen. Met de aanbevelingen voor vervolg onderzoek kan mogelijk meer inzicht verkregen worden in de relatie tussen verbaal disciplineergedrag van ouders en internaliserend probleemgedrag van kinderen.Show less
In Dutch education increasing attention is being given to the talent of gifted students. In this research the learning conditions, the social well-being and the intrinsic motivation are central. 56...Show moreIn Dutch education increasing attention is being given to the talent of gifted students. In this research the learning conditions, the social well-being and the intrinsic motivation are central. 56 gifted students from grades 4, 5, and 6 (age 8-12) in primary education have been tested. The students have filled out two questionnaires. One questionnaire was made for this research and focuses on the learning needs of gifted students. The other is a standardized questionnaire, and called in Dutch, de Competentie Belevingsschaal voor Kinderen (CBSK). In addition, an interview has been done about the learning needs of gifted students. The results show no significant differences among gifted students from grade 4 and 6 (age 8-12) as far as social well-being and intrinsic motivation are concerned. Besides, no significant differences were found with regard to the social well-being and the intrinsic motivation and visiting the ‘plusklas’. A regression analysis was used to test if there was a connection between the CBSK and the intrinsic motivation. Nothing significant was found. A regression correlation did show a connection between the CBSK and the social well-being. Additional research could focus on the social well-being and the (intrinsic) motivation of the gifted pupil in relation to the teacher and a way of deepening the teaching material. The latter one could be offered by taking an empiric cycles and by teaching an exploring attitude with gifted students in order to develop their talent as much as possible and being intrinsic motivated.Show less
Binnen de pleegzorg geldt de voorkeur om kinderen binnen het eigen netwerk te plaatsen, boven een plaatsing bij onbekenden. Het doel van deze studie is om aan de hand van dossieronderzoek...Show moreBinnen de pleegzorg geldt de voorkeur om kinderen binnen het eigen netwerk te plaatsen, boven een plaatsing bij onbekenden. Het doel van deze studie is om aan de hand van dossieronderzoek verschillen tussen dergelijke netwerk- en bestandsplaatsingen voor de Nederlandse pleegzorg te analyseren. Hiervoor zijn beide typen pleegzorgplaatsingen (N = 289) onderzocht betreffende gedragsproblematiek van het pleegkind, de kans op een breakdown en hereniging met de biologische ouders. Bestandsouders ervaren meer externaliserende gedragsproblematiek van het pleegkind dan netwerkouders. Echter blijkt hierbij niet het type pleeggezin, maar het aantal verplaatsingen van het pleegkind voorafgaand aan de huidige plaatsing belangrijk te zijn. Verplaatsingen spelen eveneens een rol bij de kans op een breakdown. Implicaties voor vervolgonderzoek en de politieke kwestie worden bediscussieerd.Show less
Economic sanctions are a coercive diplomacy tool often used by sender states to elicit behavioral change in the target state. Prior research focused on the domestic elements of the target state,...Show moreEconomic sanctions are a coercive diplomacy tool often used by sender states to elicit behavioral change in the target state. Prior research focused on the domestic elements of the target state, thus this research tests the cooperative theory in which the focus is on the international behavior of the target state when assessing the effectiveness of economic sanctions. The research question driving this thesis is: are economic sanctions more effective in a non-cooperative authoritarian state or a cooperative authoritarian state? The two case studies are China (cooperative authoritarian state) and Iran (non-cooperative authoritarian state). Through five mechanisms, budget of the target state, opposition within the target state, type of sanction, commitment of the sender state, and dependence of the target state on the international community, the effectiveness of the sanctions is analyzed. Noticeably there is a stronger link between effective sanctions and the cooperative authoritarian state (China) in comparison with the non-cooperative authoritarian state (Iran), the international mechanisms mostly drive the effectiveness of the sanctions in the cooperative authoritarian state, and neo-realism is a very noticeable factor in utilizing economic sanctions.Show less
This thesis examines the relationship between democracy and domestic terrorism, relying on a within-case study of the democratization process of Greece in the 1970s. The central theoretical...Show moreThis thesis examines the relationship between democracy and domestic terrorism, relying on a within-case study of the democratization process of Greece in the 1970s. The central theoretical argument, which is claimed by Chenoweth (2007) is that terrorism occurs so often in democracies because of a competitive logic that drives interest groups to compete with one another using violence. This thesis attempted to strengthen this so-called 'theory of the competitive logic' by further specifying the exact causal mechanism by means of a case study. Overall, the analysis disconfirms and thereby challenges the hypothesized causal mechanisms. A main finding is that Greece's democratization process did result in outburst of domestic terrorist activity, but did not result in an outburst of social mobilization in general. The large corrupt and clientelist overbearing Greek state, combined with the omnipresence of a few strong political parties immediately halted the ‘political energies’ that naturally arose after the fall of the Greek junta. Based on this finding, this thesis claims that, at least in the Greek case, not democracy's commitment to pluralism, but rather a lack of pluralism led to the proliferation of domestic terrorism. Further qualitative research should be done to assess whether Greece is an exceptional case or whether the theory is supported in other cases that experienced democratic transitions in the 1970s, such as Portugal and Spain.Show less
Internaliserend probleemgedrag kan negatieve consequenties hebben voor een kind. Daarom is het belangrijk te onderzoeken welke factoren een rol spelen in de ontwikkeling van internaliserend...Show moreInternaliserend probleemgedrag kan negatieve consequenties hebben voor een kind. Daarom is het belangrijk te onderzoeken welke factoren een rol spelen in de ontwikkeling van internaliserend probleemgedrag. In de huidige studie is onderzocht of tevredenheid over het huwelijk en onenigheid over de opvoeding van vaders en moeders gerelateerd zijn aan internaliserend probleemgedrag van het kind. Voor deze studie zijn data gebruikt van 100 gezinnen, bestaande uit een vader, een moeder en hun oudste kind afkomstig uit het ‘Boys Will Be Boys?’ project. Tevredenheid over het huwelijk, onenigheid over de opvoeding en internaliserend probleemgedrag van het kind zijn gemeten aan de hand van vragenlijsten die door beide ouders zijn ingevuld. Tevredenheid over het huwelijk en onenigheid over de opvoeding van vaders en moeders waren in deze studie geen voorspellers van internaliserend probleemgedrag van het kind. Bij zowel vaders als moeders was ontevredenheid over het huwelijk positief gerelateerd aan de ervaren onenigheid over de opvoeding van vaders en moeders. Vaders waren in deze studie daarnaast tevredener over het huwelijk en ervoeren minder onenigheid over de opvoeding dan moeders. Onenigheid over de opvoeding en tevredenheid over het huwelijk zijn voor beide ouders gerelateerd aan elkaar. In het huidige onderzoek is in tegenstelling tot eerder onderzoek geen relatie gevonden tussen huwelijkstevredenheid, opvoedingsonenigheid en internaliserend probleemgedrag bij het kind. Met de aanbevelingen die in deze studie worden gegeven voor toekomstig onderzoek kan er mogelijk meer inzicht worden verkregen in deze relaties.Show less
Humanitarian ideals are increasingly driving the rhetoric of intervention in the post-Cold War period. Is this indicative of conscientious international environment, or are more cynical...Show moreHumanitarian ideals are increasingly driving the rhetoric of intervention in the post-Cold War period. Is this indicative of conscientious international environment, or are more cynical machinations responsible? Through the analysis of the political rhetoric of prominent case studies, this paper seeks to determine the nature of humanitarian intervention in relation to contemporary understandings of international politics.Show less
This thesis aims to explain the diverging outcomes in arms export policies with regard to Indonesia and Jordan and examines what effect the Dutch parliament had in bringing about these outcomes....Show moreThis thesis aims to explain the diverging outcomes in arms export policies with regard to Indonesia and Jordan and examines what effect the Dutch parliament had in bringing about these outcomes. Theoretically, the thesis analyzes the extent to which a logic of appropriateness or a logic of consequences dominates the discourse of a foreign policy decision making process. Through a discourse analysis, it concludes that the use of a logic of appropriateness was prevalent in both discussions. In the Indonesian case these resonated to the human rights criterion of the EU Common Position on Arms Export, but in the case of Jordan such norms had a more distinct cost-benefit character and focused more on regime type, which falls out of the scope of formal EU norms. In evaluating why the argumentative strategies differed, a logic of habit is posited as an explanation: not only did the Indonesian case shape precedent for the cases to follow, but the Netherlands and Indonesia have long historical relationships. In the past, those states often clashed, making a critical stance towards Indonesia more likely. This is not the case for Jordan, which has no such relationship and is situated in a region with other, more worrisome states. This is an important critical observation for the further development of the EU Common Position on Arms Export, which, in coherence with Council Conclusions, and statements and reports by member-states, stresses the assessment of arms export license applications on a case-by-case basis, without taking into account historical ties.Show less
Most high schools provide a diverse range of internationally oriented activities in which students are able to participate. These activities give students the opportunity to get to know other...Show moreMost high schools provide a diverse range of internationally oriented activities in which students are able to participate. These activities give students the opportunity to get to know other countries and develop their international interest. Hofstad Lyceum is a school that provides more than 20 internationally oriented activities to their students. The influence of these activities on the attitude towards globalization has been remained rather unclear. Using both a questionnaire and more various qualitative analyses of the activities the influence of these activities on the attitude towards globalization has been researched. The activities of Hofstad Lyceum can be put into three categories. International exchanges have more influence on the attitude towards globalization than international projects and international trips. The results of the questionnaire suggest that these activities have both positive and negative influence on the attitude towards globalization. It shows that internationally oriented activities do not or only marginally increase the political knowledge. On the other hand students seem to have more social willingness to experience the world. All in all, internationally oriented activities have to be seen as an incentive ‘to stimulate students’ interest in international affairs.Show less
