In this present study the monitoring pattern of social interactions of one year old infants of more sensitive mothers and less sensitive mothers is investigated. The study is guided by the...Show moreIn this present study the monitoring pattern of social interactions of one year old infants of more sensitive mothers and less sensitive mothers is investigated. The study is guided by the following main question: ‘Is maternal sensitivity related to the monitoring pattern of social interactions of one year old infants?’ The sample consisted of thirty-eight 12-month-old infants and their mothers. An eye-tracking experiment was carried out in which we measured infants’ monitoring pattern of social interactions. The eye-tracking stimuli consisted of an animated movies in which a social interaction between two geometric figures, a small and a big oval shape, is showed. The animated movies consisted of four segments, which are start, uphill, separation and response. In half of the movies a crying sound can be heard, while in the other half of the movies a laughing sound can be heard. There are four different animated movies, the responsive crying movie, the responsive laughing movie, the unresponsive crying movie and the unresponsive laughing movie. Supported by the sensitivity theory of Ainsworth, which states that mothers’ responses to their infants’ signals influence children’s development and supported by Bowlby’s theory of internal working models, in which the relationship with a primary caregiver influence how we understand the social world around us, it is hypothesized that infants of more sensitive mothers may show differences in their monitoring pattern of social interactions, while infants of less sensitive mothers do not show similar differences. Thus, it is hypothesized that maternal sensitivity can influence infants processing of social interactions. Maternal sensitivity was measured based on three different episodes, using the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale. Results suggested that, in the separation part of the observed movies, the overall attention of infants of less sensitive mothers declined across the repetition of the presentation during the unresponsive movies but not during the responsive movies. Furthermore, infants of less sensitive mothers looked longer at the first four movies than infants of more sensitive mothers, while in the second four movies there was no such difference. We also found in the response part of the observed movies, that the overall attention of infants of less sensitive mothers declined across the repetition of the presentation during the unresponsive crying and responsive crying movies, while infants of more sensitive mothers did not show this decline. Limitations, strong aspects and recommendation for further research are discussed.Show less
Het doel van deze studie was om bij Turks-Nederlandse moeder-kind paren te onderzoeken of positief ouderschap van de moeder samenhangt met minder externaliserend probleemgedrag van het kind en of...Show moreHet doel van deze studie was om bij Turks-Nederlandse moeder-kind paren te onderzoeken of positief ouderschap van de moeder samenhangt met minder externaliserend probleemgedrag van het kind en of deze relatie sterker was bij kinderen met een moeilijk temperament. De steekproef bestond uit 75 eerste en tweede generatie Turkse moeders en hun kinderen van 5 of 6 jaar oud. Positief ouderschap werd geobserveerd in een probleemoplossende taak. Het gedrag van de moeder werd gecodeerd met de Emotional Availability Scales (EA Scales; Biringen, 1998). Voor het meten van temperament en externaliserend probleemgedrag werden vragenlijsten afgenomen bij de moeder. Positief ouderschap was gerelateerd aan minder externaliserend probleemgedrag en moeilijk temperament aan meer externaliserend probleemgedrag. Temperament modereerde de relatie tussen positief ouderschap en externaliserend probleemgedrag niet. Wel werd er een interactie-effect gevonden met de subschalen van de variabelen positief ouderschap, temperament en externaliserend probleemgedrag. De relatie tussen afwezigheid van intrusiviteit en minder problemen met leeftijdgenoten was sterker voor kinderen die moeilijk kalmeerbaar waren. Ons onderzoek suggereert dat probleemgedrag bij kinderen verminderd zou kunnen worden door positief ouderschap te bevorderen door middel van interventieprogramma’s. Kinderen met een moeilijk temperament zouden extra kunnen profiteren van interventie- en preventieprogramma’s.Show less
Experiencing harsh parenting strategies has been shown to be detrimental to later outcomes and through intergenerational transference this parenting behaviour can lead to negative parenting across...Show moreExperiencing harsh parenting strategies has been shown to be detrimental to later outcomes and through intergenerational transference this parenting behaviour can lead to negative parenting across generations. However, there is a lack of research examining these early experiences in a controlled environment. Therefore the objective of this study was to examine the potential effects of early experienced love withdrawal on the sensitive care giving of an infant simulator. Furthermore, due to a possible change in sensitive parenting behaviour when experiencing multiple demands, we examined the possible effects of competing demands on sensitivity. We hypothesized that more experienced love withdrawal would decrease sensitivity, as would competing demands and that love withdrawal would influence a possible relation between demanding tasks and sensitive behaviour. Our sample consisted of 90 female students, who had no children. Participants completed questionnaires concerning early childhood experiences, including the Love Withdrawal scale. They cared for an infant simulator during two consecutive evenings and were invited to a lab session where they were observed in their sensitive care giving, whilst performing free play and two demanding tasks, with the infant simulator. These observations were coded on sensitivity, using the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale (Ainsworth, Bell & Stayton, 1974). We found that more experienced love withdrawal as a child was linked to less sensitive behaviour later. The experience of a demanding task, also decreased sensitive behaviour during care giving. The experience of love withdrawal, however, did not moderate the effect of competing demand on sensitivity. These results underline the importance of discouraging the use of negative parenting strategies as this can lead to possible negative outcomes. Our findings also point to the potential negative impact that a demanding environment can have on sensitive care giving.Show less
Emotionele beschikbaarheid van vaders en moeders en het verband met empathie bij kinderen tussen 30 en 42 maanden oud werd onderzocht met behulp van de emotional availability scales (EAS; Biringen,...Show moreEmotionele beschikbaarheid van vaders en moeders en het verband met empathie bij kinderen tussen 30 en 42 maanden oud werd onderzocht met behulp van de emotional availability scales (EAS; Biringen, 2008)en een bewerking van My Child 2 (Kochanska, 1994) over empathie. Directe verbanden tussen Emotionele Beschikbaarheid of subdimensies sensitiviteit, structureren en non-intrusiviteit en empathie werden niet gevonden. Wel waren moeders meer emotioneel beschikbaar naar jongens toe, en vaders intrusiever ook naar jongens toe. Verder was er moderatie van het verband tussen sensitiviteit van moeders en empathie bij jongens door structureren van moeders. Meisjes waren niet empathischer dan jongens. In deze studie werden zowel vaders als moeders onderzocht, maar mede omdat er in andere onderzoeken over bovengenoemd onderwerp voornamelijk moeders onderzocht werden, is er meer behoefte aan onderzoek naar vaders.Show less
This study examined the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment by using multiple measurements for retrospective history of maltreatment. Furthermore, social learning theory, attachment...Show moreThis study examined the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment by using multiple measurements for retrospective history of maltreatment. Furthermore, social learning theory, attachment theory, and family stress model were examined as an explanation for intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. This study compared 24 mothers who were in treatment because of maltreating behaviours, to 18 control group mothers who did not maltreat their own children. Results showed that mothers who currently maltreat their own children were more likely to have a history of child maltreatment than mothers from the control group. This significant result was only found when history of maltreatment was measured using a questionnaire (CTQ-SF). The same trends, although nonsignificant, were found when history of maltreatment was measured using an interview (AAI) or a combined measurement of interview and questionnaire. This study did not find support for type-specific patterns and the moderating role of continuity of unemployment. The findings of this study support the hypothesis for the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. However, no support was found for the social learning theory or the family stress model. Attachment theory might be a better explanation for intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. Further research on attachment theory is needed to confirm this.Show less
In deze experimentele studie is het effect van een leidstervaardigheidstraining, VIPP-CCC, op probleemgedrag bij kinderen op het kinderdagverblijf onderzocht. Daarnaast is onderzocht in welke mate...Show moreIn deze experimentele studie is het effect van een leidstervaardigheidstraining, VIPP-CCC, op probleemgedrag bij kinderen op het kinderdagverblijf onderzocht. Daarnaast is onderzocht in welke mate de kwaliteit van het kinderdagverblijf en het aantal uren dat kinderen naar het kinderdagverblijf gaan (kwantiteit) moderatoren zijn in het effect van de interventie op probleemgedrag. De analyses zijn op groepsniveau gedaan, waarbij er sprake was van 18 kinderdagverblijven (9 in de interventiegroep, 9 in de controlegroep). Resultaten tonen aan dat er geen significant effect is gevonden op probleemgedrag. Zowel de kwantiteit als kwaliteit van het kinderdagverblijf bleken geen modererend effect te hebben op deze relatie. Wel zijn er een aantal trends gevonden. Zo is te zien dat er minder probleemgedrag in de posttest gerapporteerd is ten opzichte van de pretest. Daarnaast is er ook een trend te zien voor kwantiteit als moderator: hoe meer uren kinderen uit de interventiegroep op het kinderdagverblijf doorbrengen, hoe meer probleemgedrag gerapporteerd werd. Vervolgonderzoek met een grotere steekproef wordt aanbevolen.Show less
