Achtergrond: Het geven van beangstigende informatie kan bij kinderen leiden tot een toegenomen angstreactie. Deze angstreactie bestaat uit cognitie (angstovertuigingen), fysiologie (hartslag) en...Show moreAchtergrond: Het geven van beangstigende informatie kan bij kinderen leiden tot een toegenomen angstreactie. Deze angstreactie bestaat uit cognitie (angstovertuigingen), fysiologie (hartslag) en gedrag. Er is tot nu toe weinig onderzoek dat kijkt naar de invloed van ouders bij het geven van de beangstigende informatie. Huidig onderzoek: In dit onderzoek is gekeken welk effect de blootstelling aan verbale uitingen van angst versus veiligheid door ouders heeft op het angstgedrag en de hartslag van kinderen tussen de 10 en 13 jaar (N = 77, M = 11.62, SD = 1.18). Ouders gaven angstopwekkende of veilige informatie over twee vreemden. Deze vreemden deden zich voor als juryleden die het kind kwamen beoordelen op sociale taken en waren blind voor hun conditie. Tijdens deze sociale taken werd de hartslag van het kind gemeten. Ook werd het angstgedrag van het kind tijdens het uitvoeren van de sociale taken gemeten. Resultaten: Er werd geen significant verschil gevonden tussen de angstconditie en de veilige conditie in de hartslag en het angstgedrag van kinderen. Ook werd er geen correlatie gevonden tussen angstgedrag en hartslag. Conclusie: Dit onderzoek toont geen effect aan van blootstelling aan verbale uitingen van angst versus veiligheid van de ouders op het angstgedrag en de hartslag van kinderen. De verbale uitingen van angst door ouders over vreemden zorgen niet voor meer angstgedrag en geen fysiologische angstreactie bij kinderen. Ook lijkt er in dit onderzoek geen verband te zijn tussen het angstgedrag en de hartslag.Show less
Suicide, a global concern, necessitates comprehensive research to identify its risk factors and facilitate effective prevention. While established predictors like depression and chronic stress are...Show moreSuicide, a global concern, necessitates comprehensive research to identify its risk factors and facilitate effective prevention. While established predictors like depression and chronic stress are known, little is known about the acute warning signs of immediate suicidal ideation. This study investigates the acute warning signs of suicide risk, focussing on the relationship between insomnia and suicidal ideation. This study aims to explore the mediating role of loneliness in this connection. The study sample included 82 adults, of which 77% were female; the participants ranged in age from 18 to 54 years. Participants underwent a 21-day assessment period. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy were used in this study to collect the data. EMA were administered four times daily to collect self-reported data on suicidal ideation, loneliness, social interactions, and subjective sleep quality. Objective sleep data, including the parameter sleep efficiency, were gathered through the use of actigraphy. We hypothesized that insomnia would be related to increased loneliness and suicidal ideation and that loneliness will mediate this association between sleep and suicidal ideation. We used subjective and objective measurements of sleep and loneliness to test our hypothesis. Our findings support that subjective loneliness partially mediates the association between lower subjective sleep quality and suicidal ideation. No significant relationships were found between the objective measurements and suicidal ideation. Our results highlight the complex interplay between subjective sleep quality, loneliness, and suicidal ideation, shedding light on potential interventions helping suicide prevention.Show less
Background: Aggression is often described as a key feature of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Yet, it is not clear what contributes to...Show moreBackground: Aggression is often described as a key feature of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Yet, it is not clear what contributes to aggression in these disorders. Previous literature proposes that experiences of childhood maltreatment might be an underlying cause. In this study, it was investigated if childhood maltreatment severity predicts aggression and if this depends on the diagnosis. Methods: The sample consisted of 96 women, diagnosed with BPD (N=30), ADHD (N= 28) or none of these disorders (N=30) based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) measured aggression and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) assessed childhood trauma severity. Hypotheses were tested with correlational, moderation and multivariate analyses. Results: Group differences in aggression and childhood trauma severity were observed. Both psychopathological groups reported higher aggression and childhood trauma. Severity of BPD correlating the strongest with childhood trauma severity, followed by ADHD. Furthermore, aggression and childhood trauma were correlated. Yet, childhood trauma was not a significant moderator for aggression in BPD versus ADHD groups. Discussion: Findings suggest that childhood trauma is a predictor for aggression but this does not differ between the psychopathological groups. Since aggression was linked to a diagnosis of BPD, higher levels of aggression in BPD might not be restricted to childhood trauma severity but also influenced by other factors, such as impaired emotion regulation. Future studies should investigate this further, avoiding current limitations such as the cross-sectional design, self-report questionnaires, possible multicollinearity between variables and the small sample size.Show less
Background: Social anxiety loads in families. In the present study, we focus on verbal threat and safety information from parents to their children as a potential pathway in the parent-tochild...Show moreBackground: Social anxiety loads in families. In the present study, we focus on verbal threat and safety information from parents to their children as a potential pathway in the parent-tochild transmission of anxiety. We used avoidance behavior towards strangers to measure the child's reaction to the verbal transmission of anxiety. We aimed to explore whether children with higher levels of fearful temperament show more avoidance behavior towards the strangers after receiving verbal threat information. Methods: Children between 4 and 6 years old (N= 68) participated in the study. The children were accompanied by their primary caregiver (63 mothers). The manipulation consisted of the primary caregiver priming the children with threat/safety information about the two strangers. Avoidance behavior was observed during the interaction task, which consisted of a short conversation with two strangers after manipulation. Results: The findings reveal that verbal threat information regarding strangers provided by their caregivers did not significantly increase avoidance behavior in children and there was no support for the idea that children with a more fearful temperament show more avoidance behavior towards strangers paired with threat information. Conclusion: The current study expands the current knowledge of the effect of verbal threat information from parent to child by showing that parental verbal threat or safety information did not alter their children’s avoidance of strangers. Furthermore, the current study contributes to previous research by showing that the influence of verbal information about strangers from parents to their children are not irrespective of behavioral inhibition levels.Show less
