This thesis set out to analyse the eighteenth-century library of Johanna Paauw. If looking at the books in someone's bookcase offers some insight into who they are, what might one conclude on the...Show moreThis thesis set out to analyse the eighteenth-century library of Johanna Paauw. If looking at the books in someone's bookcase offers some insight into who they are, what might one conclude on the basis of Johanna Paauw's bookshelves?Show less
The reliability of statistics is essential for official statistics. With administrative data more often used instead of survey data, non-sampling errors become important factors in the accuracy of...Show moreThe reliability of statistics is essential for official statistics. With administrative data more often used instead of survey data, non-sampling errors become important factors in the accuracy of statistics. For domain statistics, such as yearly turnover of enterprises, classification errors occur. This study aims to measure the effect of classification errors on domain statistics, more specially, bias and variance due to classification errors. In this study, a new method was developed that applies a Gaussian mixture model, estimated by the EM algorithm, in short referred to as the EM method. Further another method was introduced that combined the EM method with bootstrapping, referred to as the combined method. Among them, the EM method only estimates bias, and the combined method is able to estimate both bias and variance. Together with a previously used bootstrap method, the three methods were tested in a simulation study and in a case study. The bias and variance estimates from the three methods were compared with their corresponding true values in different settings. The results showed that the bias estimates from the EM and the combined method were closer to the true values compared to the bootstrap method; The combined method had closer outputs on variance estimation than the bootstrap method. The EM and the combined method were equally accurate in estimating the true bias. These results suggest that the EM and the combined method estimated the bias and variance more accurately than the bootstrap method. In practice, the combined method is recommended since both the bias and the variance can be estimated. In a situation with a very large data set, where the variance is usually small and the bias is of most concern, the EM method may be preferred.Show less
Een casusstudie naar het gebruik van de opbrengst van het waterbeheerprogramma 2016-2021, als inbreng voor het opstellen van het Waterbeheerprogramma 2022-2027 van Waterschap Rivierenland aan de...Show moreEen casusstudie naar het gebruik van de opbrengst van het waterbeheerprogramma 2016-2021, als inbreng voor het opstellen van het Waterbeheerprogramma 2022-2027 van Waterschap Rivierenland aan de hand van het Strategisch Planningsmodel van Bryson (2011).Show less
Esta investigación analiza la ‘guerra contra la piratería’ y la criminalización del comercio informal en México mediante un análisis de la política mexicana y los efectos que esta tiene en el mundo...Show moreEsta investigación analiza la ‘guerra contra la piratería’ y la criminalización del comercio informal en México mediante un análisis de la política mexicana y los efectos que esta tiene en el mundo globalizado. Se enfoca en la manera en que el Gobierno mexicano intenta solucionar el problema, influido por relaciones comerciales internacionales. Se analiza específicamente en qué medida el Gobierno mexicano es capaz de cumplir con los acuerdos y tratados internacionales en esta materia. Los escasos resultados en la guerra contra la piratería hacen que las empresas (inter)nacionales pierdan ingresos por su propiedad intelectual con el efecto de que México resulta menos atractivo para las inversiones y que tenga una mala reputación en el mundo empresarial internacional. Solo que esto no resulta en una posición muy desfavorable porque los países más desarrollados son dependientes de México para poder beneficiarse de sus derechos de propiedad intelectual. Por lo tanto, estos países buscan cooperar intensivamente para poder mejorar el sistema de protección de sus derechos en México.Show less
Research master thesis | Linguistics (research) (MA)
open access
The construction of signs in the linguistic landscape (henceforth LL) of a given territory is driven by different reasons, and it can reflect upon an area's cultural, social, political, and...Show moreThe construction of signs in the linguistic landscape (henceforth LL) of a given territory is driven by different reasons, and it can reflect upon an area's cultural, social, political, and economic circumstances. The COVID-19 pandemic that influenced all countries in the year 2020 has kept a common and stable topic for many signs, which provides a unique opportunity to conduct a comparative LL study. The current study investigates COVID-19 related signs displayed on public transport, shop windows, city noticeboards, inside museums and churches in France, Italy, and the Netherlands. By conducting a mixed-method comparative study in three European countries that were (and still are) affected by the pandemic to different degrees, this study contributes to detecting how their multilingual status, identities, cultural values, and socio-political differences are constructed through a combination of linguistic and visual/multimodal representations, using LL signs as a relevant dataset. The data include 766 COVID-19 related signs collected from July to September 2020, in densely populated, urban areas of France, Italy, and the Netherlands. The quantitative and qualitative results show that monolingual ideologies prevail in France, in line with the country's long-lasting "one nation, one language" policy known as "the Toubon Law". The French signs heavily emphasized the importance of following the rules for the sake of safety and public health as well as illustrated the Parisian identity as a fashion hub. France also had the highest number of multimodal signs, showing a greater focus on visual representation to get important messages across during the pandemic. Italy featured a fair amount of English influence on LL signs, which may reflect the importance of tourism to economic recovery in the summer of 2020. A trademark of the Italian data were the many unique and humorous signs, which, alongside the low percentage of government-created signs used during COVID-19, reflect the cultural values of the country (use of humour in response to adverse conditions, preference for individual efforts, distrust of government). The Netherlands featured the highest proportion of English influence in LL signs, in line with the country's high proficiency in English. Minority languages spoken by large immigrant communities were better represented in the Netherlands, showcasing its linguistic and ethnic diversity. Solidarity, collective action and cooperation were emphasized in many COVID-19 related signs, illustrating Dutch cultural values and the fact that people in the Netherlands may have more trust in their government compared with France and Italy.Show less
Josephus (‘Jef’) Carel Franciscus Last (1898-1972) was a Dutch leftist writer, polyglot, and Spanish Civil War volunteer. Though he never became an influential name in Dutch literature in the same...Show moreJosephus (‘Jef’) Carel Franciscus Last (1898-1972) was a Dutch leftist writer, polyglot, and Spanish Civil War volunteer. Though he never became an influential name in Dutch literature in the same way some of his contemporaries managed to, he did maintain several high-profile intellectual friendships across Europe and the Dutch East Indies. He was moreover one of the most dynamic leftists from the Netherlands during the 1930s, travelling to many different countries, as well as constantly developing his precise political allegiances, often leading him to joining new political movements and organisations. This MA thesis is concerned with how this development of his political allegiance precisely materialised, and whether his experiences in the Spanish Civil War definitively cemented his disillusionment with communism towards the late 1930s.Show less
In dit onderzoek staan de ongeschreven regels van de parlementaire democratie, zogeheten conventies, centraal. Ze zijn essentieel voor het functioneren van een democratie, en voorbeelden uit heden...Show moreIn dit onderzoek staan de ongeschreven regels van de parlementaire democratie, zogeheten conventies, centraal. Ze zijn essentieel voor het functioneren van een democratie, en voorbeelden uit heden en verleden laten zien dat schendingen van conventies democratieën kunnen afbreken. Toch hebben Nederlandse conventieschendingen tot nog toe weinig grote gevolgen teweeggebracht. Hoe dat kan is onderzocht door drie incidentenreeksen uit de naoorlogse periode te analyseren. Dat heeft laten zien dat de Tweede Kamer robuust genoeg is geweest om doortastend met conventieschendingen om te gaan. Het gedrag van politiek en pers zorgde daarvoor, alsmede de realiteit van het meerpartijenstelsel en het mechanisme van de kosten-batenafweging. De parlementaire democratie blijft echter niet uit zichzelf gezond, en met name het gedrag van politiek en pers vragen om blijvende oplettendheid.Show less
Authentication of a communication channel usually requires that the parties meet physically; but there is one solution if it is enough to confirm the geographical location of a party: quantum...Show moreAuthentication of a communication channel usually requires that the parties meet physically; but there is one solution if it is enough to confirm the geographical location of a party: quantum position verification (QPV). This is based on quantum mechanics, the no-cloning theorem, and special relativity, the invariance of the speed of light. We shown an extension of a QPV protocol where quantum information is communicated via the polarization state of single photons including the effects of photon loss and polarization noise, and explore it by numerical simulations. Moreover, we have designed and implemented the first steps of a QPV demonstration using optical fibers. We have been able to calibrate the setup for horizontal and vertical polarization states where a visibility of approximately 0.85 has been measured.Show less
Dans ce mémoire nous avons exploré le portrait et la « voix » de la protagoniste de « La voix humaine » en l’analysant d’un point de vue musico-littéraire et en comparant les deux « Voix humaines »...Show moreDans ce mémoire nous avons exploré le portrait et la « voix » de la protagoniste de « La voix humaine » en l’analysant d’un point de vue musico-littéraire et en comparant les deux « Voix humaines » de Cocteau et de Poulenc (la pièce de théâtre par rapport à l’opéra). Cela afin de répondre à notre question de recherche : « Comment est-ce que Cocteau a portraituré sa protagoniste dans « La voix humaine » et comment est-ce que Poulenc l'a dépeinte dans la sienne ? » Les aspects formels de la pièce et de l’opéra que nous avons traités tout d’abord, nous ont aidé naturellement à trouver non seulement des similitudes mais aussi des différences entre ces « Voix ». Ainsi, grâce aux choix musicaux et textuels, le compositeur Poulenc a réinterprété aussi bien la pièce de Cocteau que la protagoniste. Nous pouvons conclure que la représentation de la protagoniste est légèrement adaptée dans l’opéra de Poulenc qui en donne sa propre interprétation (surtout plus tendre et calme), alors que l’essence de la pièce de Cocteau et celle d’« Elle » sont restées intactes : une « voix » si « humaine », vulnérable mais finalement étonnement vigoureuse...Show less
In dit onderzoek is de invloed van de Vereniging VluchtelingenWerk Nederland op de (rechts)positie van vluchtelingenvrouwen in de jaren tachtig onderzocht. Aan de hand van documentatie van de...Show moreIn dit onderzoek is de invloed van de Vereniging VluchtelingenWerk Nederland op de (rechts)positie van vluchtelingenvrouwen in de jaren tachtig onderzocht. Aan de hand van documentatie van de organisatie zelf, is het werk en succes van het bureau Vrouwenwerk nader geanalyseerd. Gebleken is dat het bestaan van het bureau op was te delen in drie fases: de pioniersfase, de differentiatiefase en de integratiefase. Werkzaamheden waren onder meer gericht op onderzoek, beleidsbeïnvloeding, organisatievorming en werkgelegenheid. Dit onderzoek heeft een specifieke en gedetailleerde weergave opgeleverd van hoe een belangenorganisatie voor vluchtelingen zich manoeuvreerde in het cross-culturele en interdisciplinaire werkveld. Bovendien laat dit onderzoek zien hoe het bureau Vrouwenwerk het vluchtelingenvrouwenvraagstuk mondiaal op de kaart zette in de jaren tachtig.Show less
This thesis is about power relations behind the development of historically themed videogames set in the Global South. The thesis has taken into account games released in the Western World as well...Show moreThis thesis is about power relations behind the development of historically themed videogames set in the Global South. The thesis has taken into account games released in the Western World as well as in the Global South between 2000 and 2020. The main argument is that historically themed videogames set and developed in the Global South do not have the power to add to, differ from or change the representations made about their countries in the Western World.Show less
