This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between a leader's personality and the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan. Firstly, I created a theoretical framework regarding this case,...Show moreThis study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between a leader's personality and the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan. Firstly, I created a theoretical framework regarding this case, after which I used the Profiler Plus program to measure the Leadership Trait Analysis (LTA) of Obama and Trump. Finally, the extent to which leadership style played a role in the full withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan under Trump that did not take place under Obama will be determined. This thesis is an addition to the LTA theory and could be a stepping stone for further research around leadership traits in combination with foreign policy decision-making.Show less
‘No one will be left behind’ (United Nations, 2015), this is the slogan of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) presented in 2015. These goals were written as a development guide for states....Show more‘No one will be left behind’ (United Nations, 2015), this is the slogan of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) presented in 2015. These goals were written as a development guide for states. However, questioned could be is there such a thing as a development guide that is applicable to any national context? This thesis will focus on the SDGs and their use in a national context. This question will be explored through a case study of the South African National Development Plan. First, an overview of the academic debate will be given. Secondly, the method for the analysis will be presented. Thirdly, a close reading of the policy document of the South African National Development plan will be done. The South African government has stated that it will implement the SDGs in its National Development Plan. This paper will examine the extent to which this has been done, and if so, whether the SDGs needed to be adjusted. This paper will attempt to contribute to the academic debate on development policyShow less
Cooperation is an important part of living in a society and much research has been done to investigate the factors that promote cooperation between individuals. These studies report that...Show moreCooperation is an important part of living in a society and much research has been done to investigate the factors that promote cooperation between individuals. These studies report that cooperation could be influenced by factors like emotional facial expressions of happiness, and embarrassment, however, these are more for the adult population, and not enough for children. This study aimed to investigate the role of gender (boys and girls) as well as facial expressions of positive affect and embarrassment in the cooperative choices of children. To achieve these three hypotheses were drawn. Hypothesis one was cooperation would be higher among females than males. With the gender of the dyads randomized. Hypothesis two was, cooperation will be more when there are higher levels of positive affect. Hypothesis three was, cooperation will be more when there are higher levels of embarrassment. The participants were dyads of N = 80 children with ages ranging from 8 to 12 years old. They all performed an introduction task where half of them were asked to introduce themselves face-to-face and the other half with a black screen between them, thereby creating two visibility conditions: invisible and visible. Afterward, they played the modified version one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game. A chi-square test of independence was used to analyze hypothesis one. The results showed that there was no significant difference in cooperation between boys and girls, χ2 (1, N = 80) = .189, p = .664. A binomial logistic regression was used to analyze hypotheses two and three. The result showed that increased positive affect and embarrassment had no significant influence on the cooperative choices of children, with positive affect B=.05 SE=.18 OR = 1.06, p = .772 95% CI = [.74, 1.15] and embarrassment B=.05 SE=.07 OR = 1.05, p = .494, 95% CI = [0.91, 1.20] Therefore, it was concluded that although the results did not support the hypotheses, there may be several factors that could contribute to this, such as this study being done in real-life face-to-face settings versus the previous studies done with computer simulations or manipulations. Keywords: cooperation, emotional facial expression, positive affect, embarrassment, gender.Show less
This thesis focuses on intergenerational Japanese American activism after 1945, relating to nuclear weapons. Both hibakusha (i.e. atom-bomb survivors) and Americans with Japanese heritage voiced...Show moreThis thesis focuses on intergenerational Japanese American activism after 1945, relating to nuclear weapons. Both hibakusha (i.e. atom-bomb survivors) and Americans with Japanese heritage voiced their concerns about a nuclear holocaust. Traced over time, this thesis argues that Japanese American activist groups addressed and reflected on the critical heritage of the bomb, making sure that there will be “No more Hiroshima’s and Nagasaki’s.”Show less
The current study focuses on the influence of giftedness and pubertal phase on prosocial giving. Specifically, it was examined whether young adolescents differentiate between different targets in...Show moreThe current study focuses on the influence of giftedness and pubertal phase on prosocial giving. Specifically, it was examined whether young adolescents differentiate between different targets in prosocial giving, whether gifted young adolescents show more prosocial giving than non-gifted young adolescents and whether young adolescents in pubertal phase show more prosocial giving than young adolescents in pre-pubertal phase. The participants were 145 young adolescents (9-12 years old) who performed the Prosocial Donation Task (PDT) and filled out the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). In the PDT participants divided ten coins between themselves and a specific target (friend, disliked peer, anonymous peer, father and mother). We measured their pubertal development with the PDS, after which we compared it to the Tanner Stages. This study found that young adolescents differentiate in prosocial giving towards the different targets, and that disliked peers and anonymous peers receive fewer coins than friends or parents. However, we did not find that gifted adolescents engage in more prosocial giving than non-gifted adolescents. The results of puberty showed that the pubertal phase itself does not affect prosocial giving, but that young adolescent girls do differentiate differently towards the targets than young adolescent girls in pre-pubertal phase do. For boys we found that young adolescent boys in pre-pubertal phase give fewer coins towards anonymous peers than young adolescent boys in pubertal phase. These findings suggest that targets influence young adolescents’ prosocial giving, which is insightful for social development in young adolescents. Young adolescents can act upon the person facing them and indicate that they show more prosocial giving towards their in-group than an out-group, which is in line with earlier research.Show less
This thesis examines the role of the norm of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) during the 2017 Rohingya crisis in Myanmar. Literature shows humanitarian crises have continuously impacted the norm...Show moreThis thesis examines the role of the norm of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) during the 2017 Rohingya crisis in Myanmar. Literature shows humanitarian crises have continuously impacted the norm of R2P since 2005, shifting it towards or away from internalization in the international community. The 2017 crisis in Myanmar presented an opportunity for the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to implement the norm yet are widely regarded unsuccessful in doing so. Through conducting a Discourse-Theoretical Analysis (DTA) of UNSC meeting records on the Rohingya crisis, this thesis explores the norm’s (lack of) influence at the time. The analysis finds the duty of a government to protect its citizens and the duty of the international community to assist a struggling government are widely accepted, yet the duty of the international community to protect citizens against their own government is not. Finally, this thesis urges for further research on discourse and R2P to understand what drives UNSC member states in adhering to or rejecting the norm.Show less
