In the past, the threat of nuclear arms and the states and actors that might gain access to such technology has resulted in the pre-emptive use of military force against states. Israel attacked...Show moreIn the past, the threat of nuclear arms and the states and actors that might gain access to such technology has resulted in the pre-emptive use of military force against states. Israel attacked Iraq (Operation Opera in 1981) and Syria (Operation Orchard in 2007) in order to prevent or forcefully disrupt their nuclear proliferation efforts. Currently, concern about Iran’s nuclear program has raised debate about the possibility of an Israeli pre-emptive attack. This thesis employs hypotheses from realist, constructivist and liberal theory to explain the use of force in counter-proliferation, using a strategy of within-case and across-case analysis of both prior attacks. I locate determining conditions that led Israel to use force in counter proliferation. The hypotheses explore conditions such as uncertainty about state identity, the perception of threat, the risk of shift in regional power balance, prior military hostility, hostile public statements made by state leaders, undeterrability and the domestic support of state leaders. Most of these conditions are present in the current case of Iran, when considering the possibility of a pre-emptive Israeli attack. If Iran’s military support to Hezbollah is interpreted as indirect military hostility, all the conditions for an Israeli pre-emptive attack would be present, when considering the conditions leading to the previous two Israeli attacks in counter proliferation. The analysis suggests there is a high chance that this will cause Israel to use pre-emptive force in order to destroy Iran’s nuclear facilities, as the “Begin Doctrine”, on which Israel’s security policy is based, will not accept such high security risks.Show less
De moderne techniek speelt een steeds grotere rol in het dagelijkse leven van de mens en ontwikkelt zich alsmaar sneller. Soms gaan deze ontwikkelingen zo snel dat zij niet meer beheerst kunnen...Show moreDe moderne techniek speelt een steeds grotere rol in het dagelijkse leven van de mens en ontwikkelt zich alsmaar sneller. Soms gaan deze ontwikkelingen zo snel dat zij niet meer beheerst kunnen worden, de techniek dreigt dan buiten de controle van de mens te komen staan. Wanneer de technische vooruitgang niet alleen uit controle raakt maar ook een bedreiging van de vrijheid van de mens begint te vormen dient de staat in te grijpen en de technische vooruitgang te beheersen.Show less
In deze scriptie zijn twee argumenten voor een democratisch bedrijf ontkracht, namelijk het right for meaningful work argument en parallel case argument. Er is geprobeerd aan te geven welke...Show moreIn deze scriptie zijn twee argumenten voor een democratisch bedrijf ontkracht, namelijk het right for meaningful work argument en parallel case argument. Er is geprobeerd aan te geven welke problemen deze argumenten opleveren. Ook is er geprobeerd een andere rechtvaardiging voor inspraak van werknemers in hun bedrijf te geven.Show less
The European Union is seen as an institution in which member states pool or transfer their sovereignty. This research will analyze the relationship between sovereignty and the European Union in an...Show moreThe European Union is seen as an institution in which member states pool or transfer their sovereignty. This research will analyze the relationship between sovereignty and the European Union in an attempt to explore what happens to sovereignty and if concerns of losing sovereignty to the European Union are legit.Show less
The main goal of this article is to find out in what way discrete negative emotions are of influence regarding a person's level of tolerance. To investigate this matter, an experiment among Dutch...Show moreThe main goal of this article is to find out in what way discrete negative emotions are of influence regarding a person's level of tolerance. To investigate this matter, an experiment among Dutch citizens was conducted to discover the impact of fear, anger and hatred on tolerance attitudes. Besides that, a person's perception of threat may be an important factor in explaining already existing emotions like fear. Because previous literature has pointed out that a person's perception of threat and felt emotions towards a certain group are closely connected, the research in this article will combine findings of threat perception and emotional responses in explaining political tolerance attitudes. The research question for this study is therefore: In what way do discrete negative emotions and perceptions of threat regarding a certain out-group effect a person's level of tolerance towards that out-group.Show less
Advanced master thesis | Political Science (Advanced Master)
open access
Under which conditions do rebel groups in multi-party civil wars form alliances? This paper proposes that rebel groups, just as nation states, find themselves in an anarchic context and as a result...Show moreUnder which conditions do rebel groups in multi-party civil wars form alliances? This paper proposes that rebel groups, just as nation states, find themselves in an anarchic context and as a result are trapped in a multi tiered dilemma; on the one hand they face a security dilemma which leads them to strive for cooperation, on the other hand they face the commitment problem and fear betrayal. This paper looks at three variables ‘identity’, ‘ideology’ and ‘foreign support’ as factors that are expected to reduce uncertainty, thus should help overcome the commitment problem and ultimately increase the likelihood that an inter-rebel alliance will form. Looking at two cases of inter-rebel alliances that formed during the war in Darfur; the Sudan Liberation Army/Movement (SLA/M) and the National Redemption Front (NRF) this analysis presents an exploratory attempt to identify factors and conditions that make an inter-rebel alliance more likely.Show less
Een onderzoek naar de rol van geweld binnen organisaties met een transnationale organisatie, laat zien dat geweld gezien kan worden als extra tactiek die gebruikt kan worden door non-statelijke...Show moreEen onderzoek naar de rol van geweld binnen organisaties met een transnationale organisatie, laat zien dat geweld gezien kan worden als extra tactiek die gebruikt kan worden door non-statelijke actoren, naast traditionele soft politics-tactieken.Show less
Advanced master thesis | Political Science (Advanced Master)
open access
2012-07-30T00:00:00Z
This thesis investigates the role of new media on the revolutionary movement(s) in Egypt. Investigated time spam is the birth of the first small revolutionary movements in 2004 – when the...Show moreThis thesis investigates the role of new media on the revolutionary movement(s) in Egypt. Investigated time spam is the birth of the first small revolutionary movements in 2004 – when the revolutionary spark of the Colored Revolutions of Eastern Europe first crossed the Mediterranean Sea – till the historic “18 days” of 2011 which resulted in former president Hosni Mubarak resigning from office. Central argument is that the so-called "New Media" – i.e. pan-Arab satellite-TV and social media – represent but also contribute to and facilitate these social developments. Al-Jazeera and other pan-Arab satellite-TV channels have changed the way the Arab public view social and political events in their own region and have given them a voice of their own. These channels provide digital activists with a platform and break through the monopoly of state-controlled news. New Media played an indispensable role in connecting people and places, transforming loose activists into organized groups, and finally bringing the masses to the streets resulting eventually in the fall of Egypt's president Hosni Mubarak. This research is a cross-over of several fields of study including political science, communication studies and international relations. Itapplies political theories on social movements (Tilly et al) and modular revolutions (Beissinger et al), as well as Katz and Lazarsfield’s theory on the two-step process of opinion formation and several theories on media and democratization.Show less
Advanced master thesis | Political Science (Advanced Master)
open access
This study analyzes debates conducted at the Finnish parliament between the years 2001 and 2011 to find out key causal mechanisms that impacted Finland‟s decision to join the Ottawa Convention...Show moreThis study analyzes debates conducted at the Finnish parliament between the years 2001 and 2011 to find out key causal mechanisms that impacted Finland‟s decision to join the Ottawa Convention banning anti-personnel landmines in 2012. The study found empirical support for both constitutive and constraining effects which were necessary but not alone sufficient conditions for the decision. Without the left wing parties being receptive to moral persuasion there would not have been enough political will to push the issue forward and without peer pressure stemming from other countries and the ability of international institutions to lock in domestic decisions it is highly unlikely that the right wing parties would have yielded to accept the treaty. In the absence of the latter two, the right wing parties would not have been able to justify the accession decision.Show less
De soevereiniteit over de Falklandeilanden wordt geclaimd door zowel de Britten als de Argentijnen. Beiden baseren hun aanspraak op verschillende rechten. De morele rechtvaardiging van dergelijke...Show moreDe soevereiniteit over de Falklandeilanden wordt geclaimd door zowel de Britten als de Argentijnen. Beiden baseren hun aanspraak op verschillende rechten. De morele rechtvaardiging van dergelijke claims dient afgewogen te worden om uit te maken wie recht heeft op de eilandengroep. De Britten baseren dit op eigendom en het recht van volkeren om uit te maken door wie zij bestuurd willen worden. De Argentijnen baseren het op koloniale rechten, die men claimt geërfd te hebben.Show less
