This thesis was written with the objective to re-examine the Aegyptiaca on Malta and Gozo during the Phoenician and Punic phases, in order to achieve a better understanding of the cultural exchange...Show moreThis thesis was written with the objective to re-examine the Aegyptiaca on Malta and Gozo during the Phoenician and Punic phases, in order to achieve a better understanding of the cultural exchange processes, which would have occurred during the first millennium BCE. Because of the geographic location of the islands in the middle of the Mediterranean, Malta holds a unique position, where several different cultures meet and merge. Based on previously published material (Hölbl 1989 and Sagona 2005), every object has been critically discussed and analyzed within its archaeological and cultural context. While some of the objects were created in Egypt, others were good copies of Egyptian originals, produced elsewhere. While a number of the objects might have been associated with purely aesthetic values, some of our objects allow for a deeper religious association. On Malta we see a convergence of Egyptian and Levantine influences, merged together in Phoenician art. This is not a strange phenomenon, as the Phoenicians themselves already adopted and changed many aspects of different cultures, which they again distributed across the Mediterranean. Where cultures meet they can merge together to form a new culture, but that is not always the case. People can also resist a new dominating culture by falling back on an older culture. This feat is shown in the numismatics of Malta and Gozo, as even under the new Roman domination coins were minted with Punic and Phoenician deities and motifs displayed on them.Show less
The guard houses of Minoan Crete are often said to be defensible buildings, based on their location and architecture. However, were they really defensible? To answer the question of how defensible...Show moreThe guard houses of Minoan Crete are often said to be defensible buildings, based on their location and architecture. However, were they really defensible? To answer the question of how defensible these buildings were, three different methods were applied to a sample of guard houses. These methods were Least Cost Path analysis, the calculation of a Defensibility Index value, and Space Syntax with Visibility Graph Analysis. These methods have never been tried before and the results give new insight in how defensible these guard houses actually were. Not only from the outside, but from the inside as well. The results have confirmed that these guard houses are generally defensible buildings, although the defensibility differs per building and per method. In the future, a higher quality DEM and better datasets, that fix most of the flaws in the results presented here, will provide an even more accurate perspective on these guard houses.Show less
This research deals with glass objects which were found during the excavation of medieval occupation east of the Paardenmarkt in Delft. In the 15th and 16th century this was the location of the...Show moreThis research deals with glass objects which were found during the excavation of medieval occupation east of the Paardenmarkt in Delft. In the 15th and 16th century this was the location of the Saint Clara convent. Glass was found at the bottom of a cesspit. It was such an amount that the question arose whether or not the glass could belong to the inhabitants of the convent. Glass was, after all, a luxury item and this find was not expected to belong to this particular convent. In this convent the inhabitants had to make a vow, which did not allow them to have any possessions. An inventory was made of the glass and it was described in a catalogue. Among the finds were beakers, urinals, lamps, maigeleins, bottles, ‘Krautstrunken’ and (stained) window-glass. In order to answer the question whether the glass belonged to the Saint Clara convent the glass was compared with glass finds from other sites in the Netherlands of which the social context was known: convents, castles, houses of rich and poor people. The investigation has shown that the glass could have belonged to the convent. Other convents had the same types of glass in their cesspits.Show less
Reconstruction of the 15th century diet, social status and daily life in the almshouse in Delft, Netherlands based on archeobotanical data, written resources and ceramics.
Research master thesis | Archaeology (research) (MA/MSc)
open access
One of the most defining moments in history is Europe’s discovery of the ‘New World’ in 1492. It is generally known how Columbus succeeded in crossing the Atlantic Ocean, while trying to reach Asia...Show moreOne of the most defining moments in history is Europe’s discovery of the ‘New World’ in 1492. It is generally known how Columbus succeeded in crossing the Atlantic Ocean, while trying to reach Asia via a westward route. It meant a sudden and unexpected encounter between two radically different cultures. According to popular belief, the Spaniards offered beads and mirrors to ‘ignorant’ Indians and took home all the gold they could find. The Taíno were passive bystanders in the process of Spanish imperialism and colonialism. This thesis aims to eliminate these misconceptions through a critical reassessment of the role of European material culture in intercultural contacts in Hispaniola during the first decades of the colonial period. The discussion centres on the Taíno attitude towards these new objects, while emphasising their active participation and creative responses to the impacts of Spanish domination. An understanding of the dynamics, interactions and exchanges of the colonial encounter cannot be achieved without knowing the cultural-historical backgrounds of both parties. Their descriptions constitute Part I of the thesis. In Part II it is investigated which objects the Taíno received from the Spaniards and what they gave in return. The main questions to be answered are why the Taíno accepted the seeming trinkets of the Europeans and how and to what extent these were integrated into native society. Archaeology offers an indispensable dataset that, however, hitherto has not reached its full potential, not least because of the many difficulties involved in the archaeology of postcontact Taíno settlements. This thesis provides a current state of affairs by listing a representative number of site descriptions that have not been published in a similar way before.Show less
This thesis addresses the issue of climatic and environmental change being the main cause of changes in tool shape or form in Neandertal society. This is approached through several literature...Show moreThis thesis addresses the issue of climatic and environmental change being the main cause of changes in tool shape or form in Neandertal society. This is approached through several literature studies of sites which have been excavated. These sites are Königsaue and Rheindahlen in Germany; Riencourt-lès-Bapaume and Grotte Vaufrey in France; and la-Cotte-de-St-Brelade on the Channel Island Jersey. Using the bordian typological sequence, transitions were determined within sites through changes in assemblage composition. The climatic changes were determined through the study of palynological and zoological material cross referenced to the MIS curve from the chronostratigraphical correlation table. After the analysis was complete the conclusion was that the quality of the information was insufficient to assess the validity of the hypothesis.Show less
In deze studie wordt onderzocht of BoekStart effect heeft op diverse geletterde thuisactiviteiten die ouders ondernemen met hun baby (6-10 maanden). Zowel BoekStartouders (n=162) als ouders uit een...Show moreIn deze studie wordt onderzocht of BoekStart effect heeft op diverse geletterde thuisactiviteiten die ouders ondernemen met hun baby (6-10 maanden). Zowel BoekStartouders (n=162) als ouders uit een controlegroep (n=109) vullen een digitale vragenlijst in met betrekking tot geletterde thuisactiviteiten als voorlezen en de bibliotheek bezoeken. Deze vragenlijst bevat daarnaast een babyboekenlijst om de bekendheid met babyboeken te meten en een auteursherkenningslijst om de mate waarin ouders zelf lezen in kaart te brengen. Uit het onderzoek komt naar voren dat BoekStartouders hun baby vaker voorlezen en meer verhaaltjes vertellen dan ouders uit de controlegroep, maar dat zij niet beter bekend zijn met babyboeken. Wel lijken BoekStartouders minder televisie te kijken met hun baby. Na controle voor het opleidingsniveau van de ouders en de mate waarin ouders zelf lezen blijft het effect op voorlezen en verhaaltjes vertellen bestaan bij ouders die intensief gebruik maken van de BoekStartmaterialen (n=102).Show less
Introductie. Het ontstaan van externaliserend probleemgedrag kan plaatsvinden vanaf de peutertijd. In deze masterscriptie is de invloed van emotionele beschikbaarheid van vaders en moeders op...Show moreIntroductie. Het ontstaan van externaliserend probleemgedrag kan plaatsvinden vanaf de peutertijd. In deze masterscriptie is de invloed van emotionele beschikbaarheid van vaders en moeders op probleemgedrag onderzocht, waarbij is bestudeerd of het geslacht en het temperament van het kind hierin een rol speelt. Daarnaast is de invloed van het hebben van een oudere broer of zus op de hoeveelheid probleemgedrag onderzocht. Methode. Externaliserend probleemgedrag is voor 43 eenjarige kinderen (23 jongens) gemeten met de Preschool Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000) en het temperament van het kind is bepaald met de subschaal activiteitenniveau van de Child Behavior Questionnaire (Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey & Fisher, 2001). Beide ouders van het kind hebben deze vragenlijsten ingevuld. De emotionele beschikbaarheid van vaders en moeders in een vrijspelsituatie is geobserveerd en gecodeerd met de Emotional Availability Scales (EAS, Biringen, 2008).Show less
In deze scriptie heb ik onderzoek gedaan naar het materiaal, met de nadruk op het aardewerk, dat in 1906 aan de Zuidweg te Naaldwijk is opgegraven. Teneinde de hoofdvraag zo goed mogelijk te kunnen...Show moreIn deze scriptie heb ik onderzoek gedaan naar het materiaal, met de nadruk op het aardewerk, dat in 1906 aan de Zuidweg te Naaldwijk is opgegraven. Teneinde de hoofdvraag zo goed mogelijk te kunnen beantwoorden, heb ik twee deelvragen opgesteld. De eerste deelvraag ging over de ondergrond van het grafveld ten opzichte van de bijbehorende nederzetting. Hieruit bleek dat de nederzetting en het grafveld op een verschillende plaats in het landschap lagen. De nederzetting lag op een strandduin, die vaak hoger in het landschap liggen. Het grafveld lag in het lager gelegen, wat nattere gebied achter de strandduin waar de nederzetting op lag. Het grafveld lag dus op een andere locatie in het landschap. De reden hierachter is onduidelijk. Bij het beantwoorden van de tweede deelvraag heb ik aan de hand van de chronologieën van Siegmund (1998) en Müssemeier (2003) heb ik het aardewerk van de opgraving gedateerd. Na alle stukken individueel gedateerd te hebben, ben ik gekomen tot een algemene datering van 555 tot 620 AD +/- 50 jaar. Na de beantwoording van de deelvragen, heb ik de hoofdvraag beantwoord. Hieruit is gebleken dat verder onderzoek nog veel informatie kan opleveren. Wel is het duidelijk geworden, dat mensen in de merovingische periode gecremeerd werden. Of er ook begraven werd, is niet duidelijk. Inhumaties zijn niet aangetroffen, maar het is goed mogelijk dat deze er wel zijn geweest, maar dat ze verloren zijn gegaan.Show less
Research on ecosystem resilience and climate-ecosystem interactions is extremely complex due to the large variety of factors that play a role. This research aimed at determining which factors are...Show moreResearch on ecosystem resilience and climate-ecosystem interactions is extremely complex due to the large variety of factors that play a role. This research aimed at determining which factors are involved in ecosystem resilience, which methods are needed to research this, and how archaeology can contribute to such research. The influence of the 8.2 ka climate event on the natural environment of Tell Sabi Abyad served as a case study for larger-scale research on ecosystem resilience. This study presents critical notes to the assumption that the changes which took place in Tell Sabi Abyad at the timing of the 8.2 event were a consequence of climate change. First, the timing of the changes in Tell Sabi Abyad is earlier than the timing of the expected impact of the 8.2 event. In addition, the botanical records of Tell Sabi Abyad do not indicate a climate deterioration. As no direct influences of the 8.2 event have been observed, it is likely that the natural environment of Tell Sabi Abyad had a level of resilience that was high enough to cope with the sudden effects of the 8.2 climate perturbation. Possibly other factors, like anthropogenic influences or cultural development, account for the changes observed in the archaeological material of Tell Sabi Abyad. Furthermore, this study shows that archaeology can form a valuable contribution to research on ecosystem resilience if future research would focus on wild plant and animal species and long term ecosystem changes. This would enable research on the direct effects of climate change. By combining the archaeological results found in such research, a dataset can be made with information on the characteristics of ecosystems with different levels of resilience and different levels of environmental impact.Show less
The Late Antique architectural remains on the acropolis of Koroneia’s city hill have not yet received the research attention they need in the current Ancient Cities of Boeotia project. This thesis...Show moreThe Late Antique architectural remains on the acropolis of Koroneia’s city hill have not yet received the research attention they need in the current Ancient Cities of Boeotia project. This thesis will delve deeper into the collapsed vaulted ceiling remains that have been found on the acropolis and provides a thorough description, coordinate measurements and plans, and begins the difficult task op interpreting these remains. It is attempted to reconstruct what the building was and draw parallels to other similar buildings. Research into the remains was conducted in the 2009 field season by architectural specialist Dr Inge Uytterhoeven, and the August 2012 field season saw the continuance of this research by students. For a field school on ground-based digital recording techniques, students were tasked with recording the remains of the large structure on the acropolis which had earlier been dubbed the ‘Bishop’s Palace’ by researchers. Over 200 Total Station measurements were taken, detailed descriptions and sketches were made, and over the course of two mornings the entire remains were carefully documented. Also, suggestions for the improvement of fieldwork and analysis methods and suggestions for further research are made in this thesis. In this thesis, special attention is paid to the recording and analyzing techniques used, and these are described in detail. Also, an attempt has been made to interpret the remains and compare them to other, perhaps similar, complexes. In close consultation with Dr Inge Uytterhoeven, the remains have been roughly dated to the 5th or 6th century AD, the Late Antique period on the Greek mainland. A look at both the remains and the period suggests that the most likely interpretation is an elite villa or house with a public character.Show less
Research master thesis | Archaeology (research) (MA/MSc)
open access
This research involves the Moche full bodied portrait vessels. The Moche flourished from 100 till 800 AD and all that was left of the Moche society was their material culture. Today it is generally...Show moreThis research involves the Moche full bodied portrait vessels. The Moche flourished from 100 till 800 AD and all that was left of the Moche society was their material culture. Today it is generally accepted that ceramic was the Moche language. The main research question focuses on the function and meaning of these artefacts. What was their place in the Moche culture? A study is made of social meaning, social biography and of the different statements an object can give. Objects function as memory, they tell stories and are used to remember certain occasions or activities. Furthermore, instead of using expensive tests here a descriptive approach, in combination with statistical analyses, was used to understand the function of these objects. The form and function of these vessels is connected, but the exact role of the portrait vessels is not known. It is clear that they played an important role in the life of the Moche society and were almost certainly connected with the ceremonial sacrifice. This is assumed based on the characteristics of the people modelled on the vessels. Using statistical analyses will help to understand the relation between depictions and form and will also give ideas about how and wherefore these vessels were used. Based on the different analyses a decision tree learning model was made, creating the possibility to define and understand the different categories of Moche full bodied portrait vessels.Show less
This thesis explores how participants of Dutch migration to Canada in the 1920s portrayed this migration in the Dutch newspapers,by analyzing newspaper articles.
This study addressed the relationship between emotion recognition and Theory of Mind (ToM) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Emotion recognition was measured with the Eprime Emotion...Show moreThis study addressed the relationship between emotion recognition and Theory of Mind (ToM) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Emotion recognition was measured with the Eprime Emotion Recognition. ToM was measured with the Social Cognitive Skills Test. The ASD-group consisted of 28 children between 9 – 16,9 years old (M = 11,8). The control group consisted of 85 children between the age of 9 – 14,2 (M = 10,6). Significant correlations were found between sadness and ToM in both groups. A possible explanation is that emotions have shared brain structures, but also their ‘own’ pathways, with the exception of sadness. It might be that sadness mostly uses shared brain structures, which also play a considerable role in ToM.Show less
In de archeologie zijn lakenloden één van de minst begrepen en meest ondergewaardeerde voorwerpen. Hoewel er vele lakenloden worden aangetroffen op allerhande opgravingen, wordt aan deze kleinoden...Show moreIn de archeologie zijn lakenloden één van de minst begrepen en meest ondergewaardeerde voorwerpen. Hoewel er vele lakenloden worden aangetroffen op allerhande opgravingen, wordt aan deze kleinoden maar weinig aandacht besteed. Lakenloden kunnen echter van grote archeologische betekenis zijn, mits een goede datering mogelijk is. Dit onderzoek is erop gericht om met behulp van vastgelegde stadswapens en -zegels uit de steden Amsterdam, Leiden en Delft lakenloden uit deze drie steden te dateren. Ook is onderzocht hoe de bestudeerde lakenloden nieuwe inzichten kunnen bieden in de dynamiek van de lakenindustrie.Show less
In deze thesis wordt onderzoek gedaan naar de impact die Franz Marius Theodor de Liagre Böhl op de archeologie van het Nabije Oosten in Nederland heeft gehad. Aan de hand van onder meer zijn vele...Show moreIn deze thesis wordt onderzoek gedaan naar de impact die Franz Marius Theodor de Liagre Böhl op de archeologie van het Nabije Oosten in Nederland heeft gehad. Aan de hand van onder meer zijn vele publicaties, zowel wetenschappelijk als populair, de lezingen die hij gaf, en de collecties die hij bijeenbracht kan gesteld worden dat zijn betekenis voor het vakgebied zeer groot is geweest. Niet alleen was hij de instigator van vele nog altijd belangrijke instituten en publicatiereeksen, ook maakte hij het tot een van zijn levensdoelen een brug te slaan tussen de wetenschap en het pubiek. Mede ook door de uitgebreide collecties die hij samenbracht slaagde hij daar zeer goed in. Hoewel Böhl van huis uit zeer conservatief christelijk was, blijkt dit de wetenschappelijke waarde van zijn werk niet in belangrijke mate beïnvloed te hebben. We zien het inderdaad terug in de keuze van studieonderwerpen van Böhl, maar de wetenschappelijke werkelijkheid wordt in zijn artikelen nooit geweld aangedaan. Verrassend genoeg is Böhls naam tegenwoordig enigszins in de vergetelheid geraakt. In het kader van een recente stroming waarbij historische context van de wetenschap onderzocht wordt vanuit individuen en hun ideeënontwikkeling, is dit onderzoek naar Böhl en de opkomst van de archeologie van het Nabije Oosten in Nederland, dat ook in een Europese context geplaatst wordt, zeker gerechtvaardigd te noemen.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
open access
This thesis paper examines and looks at the events, which allowed an African trader to defeat a powerful Dutch trading company. The reason why this case is so historically relevant is because of...Show moreThis thesis paper examines and looks at the events, which allowed an African trader to defeat a powerful Dutch trading company. The reason why this case is so historically relevant is because of the dire consequences it had on the WIC’s Gold Coast economic output. The time period studied predates the war upwards of three years, and post dates the resolution to end all conflicts in excess of nine years. I used two major research strategies: (1) a thorough analysis of the Dutch West India Companies archives from 1759-1773 and (2) a quantitative and qualitative analysis of previously published data. Data has been collected from archives, published first hand accounts written by company officials and journeymen, and keyword searches on the Internet. This dissertation augments and reanalysis information provided by the field pacesetter’s professor P. Valsecchi and the late R. Baesjou. The focus is largely on uncovering the factors behind a failed WIC invasion, while keeping the actual historically relevant story intact. By doing the historical qualitative analysis in this manor it not only provides the reader with a better overall experience, but also aids further understanding in African warfare procedures. The reason why this is of such importance is because the WIC-Appolonian war of 1761-1764, had an ever-lasting impact on not only Dutch and British coastal procedure from henceforth but also on the very foundation of the modern day Nzema state.Show less
