In today's world where globalization, sustainable development and nature conservation are front-page news, a counter-narrative is also perceived in the form of environmental destruction with...Show moreIn today's world where globalization, sustainable development and nature conservation are front-page news, a counter-narrative is also perceived in the form of environmental destruction with migratory consequences and therefore social and socio-economic disintegration in some regions of the world. This thesis investigates the relationship between mining, nature conservation and the consequences for Venezuelan indigenous populations. This study shows that the so-called "Orinoco Mining Arc" in the Amazonian territory of Venezuela (a government mining initiative that generates a rapid – and in cases illegal – source of income, with little control by the respective Government) results in the so-called ecocide, that is, extensive and serious damage to nature that refers precisely to the total environmental destruction in a given area, whether or not it is protected.Show less
En la presente investigación se analiza el mapudungun en las redes sociales, especialmente, en Facebook. Este proyecto trata de evidenciar el hecho de que, en la actualidad, las plataformas...Show moreEn la presente investigación se analiza el mapudungun en las redes sociales, especialmente, en Facebook. Este proyecto trata de evidenciar el hecho de que, en la actualidad, las plataformas digitales mantienen una relación estrecha con el mundo exterior. Dentro de este orden de ideas, se demuestra como el mapudungun en Facebook contribuye notablemente al activismo mapuche contemporáneo. De este modo, se investigan factores relacionados con el ámbito político, social y cultural de la sociedad chilena. La realización de este trabajo no solamente significa un avance lingüístico, sino también sociopolítico, ya que se presenta información complementaria para la comprensión de los procesos políticos actuales del país. Además, es necesario mencionar que, a día de hoy, dicha cuestión aún no ha sido abordada en su totalidad. Para llevar a cabo este propósito se ofrece, inicialmente, una contextualización del estudio en la que se aborda la correlación de poderes, las estructuras hegemónicas y el conflicto mapuche, de tal forma que destaca un enfoque histórico de los hechos. Posteriormente, se concede un marco teórico y una revisión de la literatura en la que salen a la luz los conceptos más relevantes en relación al activismo digital y las vivencias mapuches en los medios de comunicación. La metodología trata de especificar y justificar el plan de acción, por lo que cada uno de los pasos tomados son clarificados. El análisis se concentra en un corpus recreado por el propio autor, de modo que la información necesaria fue recopilada por este mismo. Si bien, este corpus fue facilitado por una página de Facebook, “Kimeltuwe, materiales en mapudungun”. En este caso, se seleccionaron publicaciones de diferentes tipos, por ejemplo, imágenes, memes y gráficos. Los resultados demuestran como el ambiente del multiculturalismo neoliberal chileno, basado en una mentalidad colonial, sigue perjudicando a la población mapuche, la cual hace notar su disconformidad a través de las redes sociales. Las señales de protesta se enfocan principalmente en la construcción de la identidad mapuche, la búsqueda de la autonomía y autodeterminación de su pueblo y los procesos de territorialización.Show less
This research analysed the migration policy and humanitarian implications regarding Venezuelan immigrants arriving in Colombia and Peru. The central question guiding the study is: what are the...Show moreThis research analysed the migration policy and humanitarian implications regarding Venezuelan immigrants arriving in Colombia and Peru. The central question guiding the study is: what are the humanitarian implications of Venezuelan immigrants of migration policies in Colombia and Peru since the 2015 economic crisis in Venezuela? The research has been carried out through the analysis of academic literature, media articles, government documents from migration departments, law and migration journals, and finally reports from international organizations involved in migration. The increase in the Venezuelan migratory flow and the successive problems that have arisen due to the margins of interpretation in the initial migration policy led to a lack of protection among Venezuelan migrants. However, the application of the new exceptional measures destined for the Venezuelan migrants has a more humanitarian element, but with a protectionist design. This again led to lack of protection and irregular immigration status, but on a lesser scale.Show less
This study investigates the manifestation of Islamophobia in Argentina’s capital of Buenos Aires and its effect on the Muslim communities. By looking at the historical context of migration and the...Show moreThis study investigates the manifestation of Islamophobia in Argentina’s capital of Buenos Aires and its effect on the Muslim communities. By looking at the historical context of migration and the current visibility of the community, this study demonstrates that Islamophobia is only limited experienced by the Muslim communities in the city due to a generally low level of islamophobia and high degree of efficient integration. Comparatively analysing the case of Buenos Aires to other case studies from predominantly catholic countries with an Islamic minority, this study finds that the current tendency of Islamophobia does not affect the integration of Muslims in the society of Buenos Aires. Furthermore, the Argentinean national identity and the Islamic religious identity co-exist and are currently not threatened by Islamophobia.Show less
Peru faces problems in evenly distributing its water sources amongst regions and stakeholders, resulting in a lack of access to water near the coast and in the Andes. These problems of scarcity are...Show morePeru faces problems in evenly distributing its water sources amongst regions and stakeholders, resulting in a lack of access to water near the coast and in the Andes. These problems of scarcity are worsened by a growing Peruvian population and processes of urbanization, while water resources are distributed unevenly between Peru's three main geographical regions: 'la costa', 'la selva' and 'la sierra'. In order to combat these problems, the Peruvian government proposed and implemented a new water law in 2009: la Ley de los Recursos Hídricos 29338. This thesis evaluates the results of this water law and uses the active mining region of Cajamarca as a case study to evaluate the law. We find that the new water law provides a basis for a better integrated organization of water management through new institutions and organizations. However, its contents are ambiguous and leave room for neoliberal interpretations, which consolidates the power of the agro and mining sectors in the distribution of water sources in Peru.Show less
This research analyses how effective have been the counterterrorism measurements and security policies of the Peruvian governments of the twenty-first century to combat the increasing violent...Show moreThis research analyses how effective have been the counterterrorism measurements and security policies of the Peruvian governments of the twenty-first century to combat the increasing violent activities and insecurity in Peru organised by Sendero Luminoso. Political violence by insurgent armed groups has been a major problem which many Latin American governments have had to deal with since the Cold War, and Peru has not been an exception with the significant presence of Sendero Luminoso between 1980 and 2000. However, since the turn of the twenty-first century, several Peruvian regimes and installed security forces, the national police, intelligence services and even civilians express concern that the brutal and violent past due to political violence must not be repeated. The research is performed on the basis of an analysis of the counterterrorism measurements and its strategies, and the security policies installed by the Peruvian governments of 2001 until 2018 as a reaction on the violent activities of Sendero Luminoso in the named period and to maintain security in the country.Show less
Esta investigación analiza la ‘guerra contra la piratería’ y la criminalización del comercio informal en México mediante un análisis de la política mexicana y los efectos que esta tiene en el mundo...Show moreEsta investigación analiza la ‘guerra contra la piratería’ y la criminalización del comercio informal en México mediante un análisis de la política mexicana y los efectos que esta tiene en el mundo globalizado. Se enfoca en la manera en que el Gobierno mexicano intenta solucionar el problema, influido por relaciones comerciales internacionales. Se analiza específicamente en qué medida el Gobierno mexicano es capaz de cumplir con los acuerdos y tratados internacionales en esta materia. Los escasos resultados en la guerra contra la piratería hacen que las empresas (inter)nacionales pierdan ingresos por su propiedad intelectual con el efecto de que México resulta menos atractivo para las inversiones y que tenga una mala reputación en el mundo empresarial internacional. Solo que esto no resulta en una posición muy desfavorable porque los países más desarrollados son dependientes de México para poder beneficiarse de sus derechos de propiedad intelectual. Por lo tanto, estos países buscan cooperar intensivamente para poder mejorar el sistema de protección de sus derechos en México.Show less
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar las dimensiones de la trata de personas en Colombia entre el periodo del año 2000 hasta el año 2018, haciendo énfasis en los factores...Show moreLa presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar las dimensiones de la trata de personas en Colombia entre el periodo del año 2000 hasta el año 2018, haciendo énfasis en los factores históricos y sociales que explican el desarrollo del fenómeno en el país, abordando, además, la intervención del gobierno central en sus esfuerzos por combatir el delito de la trata de personas en Colombia.Show less
Mexico's political history can be defined as relatively turbulent. The hegemonic rule of the dominant PRI party, has influenced Mexico by the distrustful attitude Mexicans continue to have against...Show moreMexico's political history can be defined as relatively turbulent. The hegemonic rule of the dominant PRI party, has influenced Mexico by the distrustful attitude Mexicans continue to have against the political party system. A crisis of political legitimacy and distrust prove to play a large role in the continuing discontent and the emergence of several social movements in Mexico. With the return of the PRI in 2012, one specific movement stood out to mobilize against president Peña Nieto, the #YoSoy132 movement. A lack of faith in the dominant PRI were based upon distrust in institutions, an unstable political system and many fraud allegations. This thesis examines the link between distrust and political legitimacy, and how these notions are connected to the emergence of the #YoSoy132 movement.Show less
In recent years, the debate on the question whether English should become the sole official language of the United States (USA) is widespread. English-Only movements have emerged, also known as...Show moreIn recent years, the debate on the question whether English should become the sole official language of the United States (USA) is widespread. English-Only movements have emerged, also known as Official English Movements. Such movements try to establish English as the only official language and also believe that the protection of English is necessary, due to the arrival of a large number of immigrants with other first languages. The U.S. English organization says that it is not against people who speak other languages, but is against the idea of the government working in other languages, because it allegedly divides the country. At the moment, Donald Trump has also been shaping up as a fierce supporter of the English-Only Movement. This study focuses on the impact of English-Only movements on attitudes towards Spanish, given that the Spanish-speaking population forms an increasingly important group in the US, both in economic and political terms. There are many social factors that influence attitudes towards languages. The question is to what extent President Donald Trump and the English-Only Movements contribute to these attitudes regarding the Spanish language and the corresponding alleged discrimination. This study analyzes whether the English-Only Movements negatively influence the perceived status of Spanish.Show less
This thesis describes the current situation in El Salvador. The country has one of the most strict penalization policy in the world when it comes to abortion. This penalization violates the Sexual...Show moreThis thesis describes the current situation in El Salvador. The country has one of the most strict penalization policy in the world when it comes to abortion. This penalization violates the Sexual and Reproductive rights of women.Show less
