Archaeological research into the early Middle ages in the southern Dutch province of Noord Brabant is relies on a theory of prof. Dr. Theuws regarding settlement patterns and development. Recent...Show moreArchaeological research into the early Middle ages in the southern Dutch province of Noord Brabant is relies on a theory of prof. Dr. Theuws regarding settlement patterns and development. Recent excavations in the town of Uden challenge this theory however. The aim of this paper is to challenge the theory with the main research-question: Can the excavation of the early medieval settlement and cemetery of Uden-West change the current theory of prof. Theuws on early medieval settlement-patterns and settlement development in eastern Noord Brabant, and if so, how? The theory of prof. Theuws focuses on habitation/cultivation areas (or H/C areas in short). Habitation supposedly started around 575 AD, and the earliest settlements were shifting settlements, whilst the earliest settlers avoided the smaller H/C areas. These settlements clustered during the late Merovingian period, but began to shift once more thanks to a population decline during the Carolingian and Ottonian period. A rise in the population forced settlements to cluster once more, and the settlements were eventually forced of the H/C areas in the Late Middle Ages to maximise the agricultural usage of the areas. Merovingian cemeteries were positioned outside of the H/C area. In Uden, however, the cemetery is positioned close to/towards the middle of the H/C area. Habitation also started about 40 years earlier than prof. Dr. Theuws theorised. The size of the population was also smaller, with a maximum of two families. The local cemetery was only used by the people that lived on the H/C area of Uden-West. Furthermore, there is no evidence for clustering of the settlement until 900 AD, and no indication for a decline in the population during the Carolingian and Ottonian period. Overall, based on the H/C area of Uden-west, a more flexible view should be adopted towards early medieval settlement patterns and settlement development, since a lot of H/C areas are now dismissed for early medieval habitation because they are believed to be too small.Show less
This research set out to determine whether or not a distinction could be made between three different kinds of (pre)historic societies, namely terrestrial hunter-gatherers, marine hunter-gatherers...Show moreThis research set out to determine whether or not a distinction could be made between three different kinds of (pre)historic societies, namely terrestrial hunter-gatherers, marine hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists based on the level of activity. What was examined was that, within terrestrial hunter-gatherers, the lower limb showed greater diaphyseal strength due to long-distance traveling and running. Within the marine hunter-gatherers, the upper limb showed greater diaphyseal strength due to the fact that their way of transportation would mainly involve either swimming or the use of watercrafts. Also they do not need to be as nomadic as terrestrial hunter-gatherers. Both terrestrial and marine hunter-gatherers show a great level of sexual dimorphism within their skeleton due to different jobs performed by men and women. Within agricultural societies there is a decrease in diaphyseal strength of the long bones, whether these are from the upper limb or from the lower limb, and their shape changes from more oval to more circular. Another notorious change witnessed within the transition to agriculture is that there is a decrease in sexual dimorphism. This topic is still in a primal phase of investigation and telling activity patterns from bone is still very difficult.Show less
In deze scriptie worden vier deposities met omegavormige paletarmbanden met elkaar vergeleken. Het betreft twee ornamentdeposities en twee ornament- kokerbijldeposities namelijk: Gent Port-Arthur,...Show moreIn deze scriptie worden vier deposities met omegavormige paletarmbanden met elkaar vergeleken. Het betreft twee ornamentdeposities en twee ornament- kokerbijldeposities namelijk: Gent Port-Arthur, Lutlommel Konijnenpijp, Drouwen en Elsen. Deze deposities zijn vergeleken op landschappelijke ligging, culturele ligging, samenstelling en behandeling van de armbanden. De gebruikte methode is literatuurstudie. Daarnaast zijn voor de landschappelijke ligging en de culturele ligging geomorfologische kaarten en kaarten met databasegegevens van Archis en CAI-Vlaanderen gebruikt. Uit het onderzoek zijn interessante resultaten gekomen die zeker gebruikt kunnen worden voor verder onderzoek. Voor de plaatsing van de depositie in het natuurlijke landschap lijkt vooral de ligging nabij een waterscheiding van belang te zijn. In het culturele landschap lijkt de nabijheid van oude grafmonumenten belangrijk, maar verder onderzoek hiernaar is zeker nog noodzakelijk. Meestal liggen er geen nederzettingen in de buurt van depositielocaties, maar we kunnen niet met zekerheid spreken over verlaten gebieden. Qua samenstelling zijn er grote verschillen te zien tussen de deposities wat erop kan wijzen dat de deposities toch met een verschillende reden gedaan zijn. De reden van de toevoeging van de omegavormige paletarmbanden kan dan ook zeer verschillend zijn. Toch lijkt het wel van belang dat deze altijd met specifieke ornamenten worden gedeponeerd en moet dit toch de uitrusting van een rijkere vrouw uitdragen in een supra-locale context.Show less
Onderzoek naar twee interneringsdepots (zeist en Harderwijk) op archeologische resten van interneringsdepots van Belgische soldaten gedurende de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Het interneringsdepot van Zeist...Show moreOnderzoek naar twee interneringsdepots (zeist en Harderwijk) op archeologische resten van interneringsdepots van Belgische soldaten gedurende de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Het interneringsdepot van Zeist is dermate verstoord, bebouwd en vernietigd dat hier vrijwel niets van terug te vinden is. Van het interneringsdepot van Harderwijk zijn nog wel degelijk archeologische resten terug te vinden.Show less
Little specific evidence of skeletal remains recovered from shipwrecks exists in the archaeological record and when found, it is often difficult to distinguish the identification of bone...Show moreLittle specific evidence of skeletal remains recovered from shipwrecks exists in the archaeological record and when found, it is often difficult to distinguish the identification of bone assemblages from being in situ or disturbed. When the human body gets submerged in marine environments for a prolonged period of time, the soft tissue begins to detach and the skeletal remains will be dispersed, which may be the result of scavenging animals living underwater and changing currents. Treasure hunting and commercial salvage of archaeologically significant shipwreck are also potential threats. This thesis has aimed to examine the influence of taphonomic effects of marine environments on human bone assemblages recovered from shipwrecks to gain an understanding of the distribution of skeletal material during an archaeological assessment of shipwrecks. Knowledge about the pattern of transport potential or decomposition can be used in the recovery of skeletal remains and interpretation of missing skeletal elements. In order to examine the influence of taphonomic effects in skeletal remains in Dutch waters, a case study was required. The skeletal remains that were found during the archaeological assessment of the 17th-century shipwrecks Burgzand Noord 2 (BZN2) and Burgzand Noord 9 (BZN9) were assessed. This case study aimed to subject the observations from fluvial and forensic taphonomy to skeletal remains in Dutch waters. Despite the small amount of recovered skeletal remains, significant differences have been demonstrated for the surface preservation of the bones even within a single site. In terms of fragmentation and articulation, almost all of the joint surfaces of the long bones were greatly damaged or partly missing. The long bone shafts were almost all remained intact. The variability in the rate of preservation is evident in the colour of the specimens. It became evident that the dark coloured bones are better preserved than the light coloured bones, of which the cortical layer is (partly) missing. Two types of marine organisms can be distinguished that are present on the skeletal remains, namely acorn barnacles and moss animals. It seems that the moss animals may protect the cortical layer of the bone against weathering processes rather than damaging the bone. However, the results from the case study did not all confirm observations from fluvial and forensic taphonomy. The conflicting conclusions of previous research on fluvial and forensic taphonomy and the preliminary results of the case study highlighted the importance of using multiple and different research literature on the same subject.Show less
Dit onderzoek behandelt de stijlverschillen tussen jade bat winged pendanten uit verschillende cultuurgebieden en periodes van zuidelijk Centraal-Amerika. De nadruk ligt op Costa Rica, veruit de...Show moreDit onderzoek behandelt de stijlverschillen tussen jade bat winged pendanten uit verschillende cultuurgebieden en periodes van zuidelijk Centraal-Amerika. De nadruk ligt op Costa Rica, veruit de grootste vindplaats van deze objecten. Vele zijn helaas buiten officiële opgravingen om door lokale bewoners gevonden. De archeologische context ontbreekt zodoende doorgaans, waardoor nauwkeurig dateren van pendanten en het opstellen van een chronologie praktisch onmogelijk is. Verder zijn in zuidelijk Centraal-Amerika weinig jade pendanten gevonden; slechts enkele in Panama en Colombia (wellicht door de lokale voorkeur voor goudproductie), geen in Nicaragua. Mogelijk zijn veel pendanten nog onontdekt of in particulier bezit. Noodgedwongen zijn de conclusies in dit onderzoek daarom gebaseerd op literatuuronderzoek en een beperkte dataset van 78 pendanten. Een uitgebreidere statistische analyse is vooralsnog onmogelijk.Show less
The Italian Bronze Age is traditionally pictured as a period of cultural uniformity, which abruptly ends during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age, when numerous regional groups develop...Show moreThe Italian Bronze Age is traditionally pictured as a period of cultural uniformity, which abruptly ends during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age, when numerous regional groups develop distinct material cultures. This traditional view has been questioned and it is proposed that the change from uniformity to diversity developed gradually instead of rapidly. This thesis tests the new model by conducting a comparative analysis on the pottery, exotic goods and metal objects from four Bronze Age settlements in the region that is now known as Molise: Fonte Maggio, Masseria Mammarella, Rocca di Oratino and Monteroduni. Little research has been conducted in this region in the past and could offer fresh insights in the discussion on regionalism versus uniformity. Barker studied two of the selected sites during the 1970s and this thesis uses several of Barker’s theories and methods. However, two central research themes, interconnectivity and social networks, are added to the theoretical framework by discussing Broodbank’s perspective on the Mediterranean Bronze Age. Also, this thesis focuses on differences rather than similarities between the sites, as has been done in previous research on the Italian Bronze Age. The results of the comparative analysis indicate that both pottery assemblages and rare goods at all four sites differ. However, due to methodological problems, these differences are inconclusive to confirm regionalism, as it is known during the later Iron Age. Furthermore, the rare goods at the sites show that all four sites interacted with other regions, which contrasts with Barker’s theories on communication in Molise during the Bronze Age. The differences could indicate local preferences and could be interpreted as an initial phase in a more gradual development of regionalism. This would support the new model to a certain degree and it is evident that uniformity should no longer be the starting point in research on the Italian Bronze Age.Show less
Much is still unknown about the relationship between the environment and childhood health during the Maya classical period. In this study two archaeological sites located in different environments,...Show moreMuch is still unknown about the relationship between the environment and childhood health during the Maya classical period. In this study two archaeological sites located in different environments, will be compared in terms of childhood health. The sites are Xcambo, which is located on the coast and the Petexbatun area, which is located on the Maya lowlands. Three skeletal lesions that only form during childhood are used and compared from adult skeletons. This includes dental hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis, and cribra orbitalia. First the dental hypoplasia data is compared between the sites. The prevalence in the Xcambo sample was very high, 99%, only one individual did not have dental hypoplasia. Also the mean number of hypoplasias per individual per tooth was quite high; more than three for most teeth. The individuals of the Petexbatun area had a 59% prevalence of dental hypoplasia and a mean number of hypoplasias per individual per tooth less than one. This is a significant difference; the individuals of Xcambo possibly suffered from more and more severe stressful periods. The prevalence of porotic hyperostosis is also very different between the sites. From the Xcambo individuals about 19% had porotic hyperostosis, against 63 % prevalence in the Petexbatun area. The prevalence of cribra orbitalia was remarkably similar between both sites; around 16%, but preservations issues mean that the Petexbatun might not be representative, and could have been higher. There were a lot of differences between the sites in terms of childhood health. The difference in the amount and type of animal protein consumed, could be a good explanation for the difference in porotic hyperostosis. The high number of physical stresses the population of Xcambo endured during childhood, could be caused by infections, which were very common in the environment.Show less
North-east of the German town Schöningen lies the well-known Middle Pleistocene locality of Schöningen. Since 1983 archaeological research has been conducted at this locality. Most fascinating is...Show moreNorth-east of the German town Schöningen lies the well-known Middle Pleistocene locality of Schöningen. Since 1983 archaeological research has been conducted at this locality. Most fascinating is the discovery of wooden spears, dated to around 300 ka, at Schöningen 13II-4. Schöningen 13II-4 has been the focus of research ever since. However, little is known about the other Schöningen sites and levels. This thesis will focus on the traces of hominin activity in the faunal assemblages of Schöningen 12B, 12C, 13II-1, 13II-2, 13II-3 and 13II-Berme. A small part of the faunal remains from these layers have been determined. This data has been added to the data from previous research that was documented in the database. The data has been used to analyse the faunal compositions of each site. The palaeoecology of each layer has been reconstructed. Next, the influence of hominins on the formation of the bone assemblages has been assessed based on the presence of hominin modification marks. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the large mammal remains has been analysed. The results of these analyses have been compared to the faunal composition of Schöningen 13II-4. It is shown that the faunal remains of Schöningen 12B, 12C, 13II-1, 13II-2, 13II-3 and 13II-Berme clearly show a different pattern concerning hominin activity, than the faunal remains of Schöningen 13II-4. Faunal remains with hominin modification marks are less quantitative and less diverse at the analysed sites. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the faunal remains shows little to no accumulation at the analysed Schöningen sites, whereas a clear accumulation zone can be identified at Schöningen 13II-4. The differences observed between the analysed Schöningen sites and Schöningen 13II-4 might be the result of varying stratigraphic, depositional and excavation factors. However, the differences could also be the result of hominin behaviour. In order to determine this, more research should be conducted.Show less
Archaeological research on material culture in Nicaragua is mainly focussed on ceramics since this artefact class could be used as chronological indicators. Research on lithics is undervalued, and...Show moreArchaeological research on material culture in Nicaragua is mainly focussed on ceramics since this artefact class could be used as chronological indicators. Research on lithics is undervalued, and only a handful studies are published about this subject. This research is focussed on the lithic artefacts from the Chontales region in Central Nicaragua.Show less
This thesis presents a spatial analysis of insula V ii in Roman Ostia, the principal harbour city of Imperial Rome. The Severan and final phase of occupation of the insula are compared with each...Show moreThis thesis presents a spatial analysis of insula V ii in Roman Ostia, the principal harbour city of Imperial Rome. The Severan and final phase of occupation of the insula are compared with each other to gain a better understanding of the architectural and spatial changes that took place between the Severan phase, and the final occupation of the insula. This thesis seeks to answer the following question: How did the spatial organisation of insula V ii change between the Severan phase and the final phase? In order to answer this question, space syntax methods are used. By comparing the integration (real relative asymmetry) and control values of the units in the buildings between the two phases, an estimate can be given of the amount of privacy and the importance of the rooms. This thesis argues that, between the Severan and the final phase, a shift towards more privacy in the city block occured.Show less
The research of archaeological textilia is important. The empower this statement, the textilia of the past have to be understood. Why did people make and use these products? To get a grasp of the...Show moreThe research of archaeological textilia is important. The empower this statement, the textilia of the past have to be understood. Why did people make and use these products? To get a grasp of the answer, the production process has to be understood. Due to its complexity, every part of the chain functions as a choice, influencing the final product. This thesis focusses on the sorting preparation of woollen fibres, comparing experimentally processed and spun threads with archaeological samples of woollen yarn from Roswinkel, Smilde-Ravensmeer and Oss. The research starts with setting up a new methodology for the experiment, because little to none has been written on the subject. Focussing on the preparation of woollen fibres, the different reactions to carding, combing and teasing techniques are captured in a handspun thread. The visible reaction of the fibres are noticeable under a microscope. Differences are use of different fibre types, different fibre lengths, the alignment, the amount of crimp and the airiness between the fibres. The feel often corresponds with the used technique. The threads spun of the teased fibres feel either carded or combed, but are much less aligned. Comparing the analysis of the experimental yarn to the archaeological samples, the fibres show much alignment and almost no crimp. The threads are also of a very fine diameter. By using a VP-SEM instead of a stereo light microscope, as had been used for the experimental samples, many details are noticeable. Much can be seen in the material excavated from the peat, but the Oss material was often too mineralized. Therefore, the seemingly fibre reaction to the preparation technique could have been due to post-depositional causes. Contradictory, it seems unlikely that the fibres align (almost) perfectly in nature, concluding some sorting technique must have been used.Show less
In 2011 Clarkson and Hiscock (2011) presented several regression models for flakes with different platform types used to estimate original flake mass based on platform surface area and external...Show moreIn 2011 Clarkson and Hiscock (2011) presented several regression models for flakes with different platform types used to estimate original flake mass based on platform surface area and external platform angle in order to measure reduction intensity on lithic tools. In addition to subsampling and adding external platform surface area, Clarkson and Hiscock increased the accuracy of the regression models by using a 3D laser scanner to measure platform surface area. Most previous studies multiplied platform width and thickness as an estimate of platform surface area. In this thesis, the regression models created by Clarkson and Hiscock were tested on an archaeological sample from Colmont-Ponderosa, a Middle Palaeolithic site in Limburg, the Netherlands. Instead of a 3D laser scanner, photogrammetry was used to create 3D models. It was found that Clarkson and Hiscock’s models are not applicable on the Colmont-Ponderosa sample. New models were created using the same procedure as Clarkson and Hiscock. In addition to platform type subgroups, flake shape subgroups were made. Creating subsamples based on platform type did not influence the correlation between mass and platform surface area. Subsampling based on flake shape resulted in slightly increased correlation, probably because broader flakes have a higher mass to platform surface area than other flakes. Even though a positive linear correlation between external platform angle and mass was found, this variable was not very influential on the final regression models. It was concluded that the newly created regression models are much better at predicting original flake mass for the Colmont-Ponderosa sample. Mass predictions of individual flakes are still not very accurate, which might result in faulty results when introducing new data.Show less
In this thesis a reduction model on the retouched blades of layer US04 (sup.) of Les Cottés was proposed. Reduction is the resharpening of an artefact to maintain a sharp, usable edge. It has been...Show moreIn this thesis a reduction model on the retouched blades of layer US04 (sup.) of Les Cottés was proposed. Reduction is the resharpening of an artefact to maintain a sharp, usable edge. It has been widely observed both in ethnographic studies as in archaeological cases. It served an argument in the Bordes-Binford debate on what caused the variability in Middle-Palaeolithic assemblages. Reduction is nowadays used to gain information on site functions, such as the use-life of tools, mobility, duration of occupation and raw material availability. In this thesis a model, based on typology, with different parameters was proposed. This model consists of three types of blades that are part of a continuum of lateral retouch. The site where the material originates from is Les Cottés, Vienne, France. This is a cave site with an excellent sequence covering both the Middle-Palaeolithic and the Upper- Palaeolithic. The layer where the material originates from is US04 (sup.), which dates to the Aurignacian. Results have been obtained through measuring and classifying artefacts. Measurements were taken with a calliper and a protractor. The results were rather unexpected. Most of the parameters did not follow their hypothesis. A reduction model on the retouched blades could not be confirmed. Several arguments were given on what might have been the cause. Those were 1. methodological aspects, 2. wrong defining of the parameters (and blank selection beforehand), and 3. the abundant raw material in proximity of the site. The level of reduction was generally low and pieces had a short use-life. This would suggest a high mobility and a short occupation span, but the proximity of abundant raw material should be considered. Suggestions for an adjustment to the model and suggestions for further research were given. A reduction model could, at least in this study, not be validated, however it was shown that the gained knowledge from these models is contributing to solving important archaeological issues regarding site functions.Show less
This study deals with the animal remains from the Carolingian monastery in Susteren. The animal remains were excavated from waste pits. Of the animals found, pigs are the most common, followed by...Show moreThis study deals with the animal remains from the Carolingian monastery in Susteren. The animal remains were excavated from waste pits. Of the animals found, pigs are the most common, followed by cattle and sheep/goat. Remains of wild animals and birds were also found. Almost all of these animals are used for consumption. Various elements are missing in the assemblage. Among these are the vertebrae and feet of cattle, pig and sheep/goat and the skulls of sheep/goat. There are also various elements which are found relatively often, among them are the mandibles of cattle, pig and sheep/goat and the tibias of sheep/goat and roe deer. The composition of the remains is extremely similar to that of the remains found inside a channel at the same site and were previously studied. There are also similarities in composition with material from the sites the Zutphense gravenhof and the English Flixborough. The presence or absence of certain elements can be caused by taphonomic processes. This does not work for all elements however. Food distribution seems therefore to play a part. This is emphasized by the similarities in element distribution at Flixborough. Here the same type of food distribution seems to have been present.Show less
Estimating the age of individuals becomes increasingly more difficult with advancing age due to the effects of life history, random individual variation and the genetic framework. This makes it...Show moreEstimating the age of individuals becomes increasingly more difficult with advancing age due to the effects of life history, random individual variation and the genetic framework. This makes it also increasingly more complicated to relate chronological and biological age, and thus to estimate age-at-death above approximately 45 years. In 2015 however, Dr. C.G. Falys and Dr. D. Prangle published a newly developed method to estimate age of older adults specifically, based on the sternal end of the clavicle. The method evaluates the degeneration of three distinct features: surface topography, porosity and osteophyte formation. These features are scored individually, after which these scores are added up to form a composite score, which is used to ascribe an age stage to an individual. This thesis has aimed to test this method on a post-medieval Dutch skeletal collection with individuals of known ages-at-death from the 18th-19th century. The collection originates from a cemetery in Middenbeemster, Noord-Holland, and is well-documented due to the availability of a cemetery ledger and military document describing names, ages, sexes, marriages, etc. of many individuals. Out of the 118 individuals listed in these archival records, 57 individuals were suitable for this analysis (98 clavicles). The overall levels of agreement between the three different observers were calculated using Cohen’s kappa (k), which revealed a relatively low agreement, varying from slight to moderate (k = 0.100 to 0.534). Fortunately, these results did not influence the accuracy of the method greatly, which varied between 87% and 94%, depending on the side chosen to estimate age. Unfortunately the age ranges that are used in the method are too large for the method to be deemed precise. Previously existing methods are however not at all capable of subdividing the 45+ category into smaller stages. Although the age stages are large, the method is thus capable of recognizing the older members within a society and place them into a more specific age class than other methods currently can. The method does need more testing and revising, but can currently be concluded to accurately estimate olders adults’ ages-at-death in Dutch post-medieval collections.Show less
Skeletmateriaal in Nederland wordt standaard onderzocht. De resultaten van dit soort onderzoek kunnen informatie geven over de gezondheid van de vroegere Nederlandse samenlevingen. In Amerika wordt...Show moreSkeletmateriaal in Nederland wordt standaard onderzocht. De resultaten van dit soort onderzoek kunnen informatie geven over de gezondheid van de vroegere Nederlandse samenlevingen. In Amerika wordt een database opgezet om makkelijker resultaten te zoeken en te vergelijken, The Global History of Health Project. De resultaten van het onderzoek naar het Nederlandse skeletarchief staan niet in zo’n database. Hierdoor is het moeilijk om collecties te zoeken en vergelijken. Bovenstaand onderzoek is gebaseerd op een geselecteerde dataset van 17 sites die onderverdeeld zijn in 23 begravingsperioden tussen de Late Middeleeuwen en de Nieuwe Tijd. Deze sites zijn verder verdeeld onder 4 contexten; civiele context van de Late Middeleeuwen en Nieuwe Tijd, religieuze context (LME) en militaire context (NT). Door het gebruik van deze sites en onderverdelingen is getracht een begin te maken aan een systeem zoals The Global History of Health Project en te kijken of de gesteldheid van de gezondheid van het Nederlands skeletarchief uit deze resultaten te halen is. Er kan worden geconcludeerd dat de religieuze context (LME) de hoogste percentages aan volwassenen en vrouwen hebben en dat de militaire context (NT) het hoogste percentage niet-volwassenen en mannen bevat. De lengten zijn het langste van de mannen en vrouwen, indien met de methoden van Trotter gemeten, in de civiele context van de Late Middeleeuwen. De mannen zijn het langste, indien met de methode van Breitinger gemeten, in de religieuze context van de Late Middeleeuwen. Betreffende het ziektebeeld van de vroegere samenlevingen zijn, indien men kijkt naar beide perioden, de ziekte aantallen gelijk. Wanneer er echter gekeken wordt naar de verschillende contexten, hebben de contexten van de Late Middeleeuwen de meeste hoogste percentages. Aangezien niet alle skeletassemblages in dit onderzoek zijn meegenomen zou een uitbreiding van de geselecteerde dataset met meerdere sites bevorderlijk zijn voor dit onderzoek. Verder zou het onderzoek uitgebreid kunnen worden met de toevoeging van onderzoek naar DNA en Isotopen en onderzoek naar het gebit.Show less
Deze scriptie bestaat uit een onderzoek met als doel het beantwoorden van de volgende vraag: werd publieke architectuur door de Romeinen gebruikt als gereedschap ter bevordering van de romanisering...Show moreDeze scriptie bestaat uit een onderzoek met als doel het beantwoorden van de volgende vraag: werd publieke architectuur door de Romeinen gebruikt als gereedschap ter bevordering van de romanisering? Hiertoe zijn twee case studies geanalyseerd, Cosa en Trier, die, vanwege de verschillen in periode en locatie, toereikend waren tot de volgende centrale vraagstelling: kan de publieke architectuur in respectievelijk Cosa en Trier ten tijde van de Romeinse overheersing beschouwd worden als een bewust communicatiemiddel van de Romeinse autoriteiten en zijn hierbij verschillen zichtbaar tussen de Romeinse Republiek in Italië enerzijds en het Romeinse Keizerrijk in Gallië anderzijds? Vanwege de contextuele verschillen tussen Cosa en Trier, zoals aangegeven in de centrale vraagstelling, werd op voorhand, ten aanzien van romanisering, een verschillende wijze van benadering door de Romeinen verwacht. Dit is vervolgens onderzocht aan de hand van de publieke architectuur, dat vanwege de materiële uitbundigheid, kritische onderzoeken en vele beschikbare publicaties te beargumenteren valt. In verband met de beperkende factoren tijd en middelen is gekozen voor de analyse van twee publieke gebouwen per stad: het forum en het Capitolium in Cosa én het forum en de Barbarathermen in Trier. Uit deze analyse is gebleken dat zich in Cosa en Trier ten tijde van de Romeinse overheersing gelijkwaardige processen ten aanzien van romanisering hebben afgespeeld, waarbij de genoemde publieke architectuur beschouwd kan worden als een bewust communicatiemiddel van de Romeinse autoriteiten. Er kan, op basis van de onderzoeksresultaten uit deze scriptie, dus geconcludeerd worden dat publieke architectuur door de Romeinen gebruikt werd als gereedschap ter bevordering van de romanisering.Show less
