The reliability of statistics is essential for official statistics. With administrative data more often used instead of survey data, non-sampling errors become important factors in the accuracy of...Show moreThe reliability of statistics is essential for official statistics. With administrative data more often used instead of survey data, non-sampling errors become important factors in the accuracy of statistics. For domain statistics, such as yearly turnover of enterprises, classification errors occur. This study aims to measure the effect of classification errors on domain statistics, more specially, bias and variance due to classification errors. In this study, a new method was developed that applies a Gaussian mixture model, estimated by the EM algorithm, in short referred to as the EM method. Further another method was introduced that combined the EM method with bootstrapping, referred to as the combined method. Among them, the EM method only estimates bias, and the combined method is able to estimate both bias and variance. Together with a previously used bootstrap method, the three methods were tested in a simulation study and in a case study. The bias and variance estimates from the three methods were compared with their corresponding true values in different settings. The results showed that the bias estimates from the EM and the combined method were closer to the true values compared to the bootstrap method; The combined method had closer outputs on variance estimation than the bootstrap method. The EM and the combined method were equally accurate in estimating the true bias. These results suggest that the EM and the combined method estimated the bias and variance more accurately than the bootstrap method. In practice, the combined method is recommended since both the bias and the variance can be estimated. In a situation with a very large data set, where the variance is usually small and the bias is of most concern, the EM method may be preferred.Show less
Een casusstudie naar het gebruik van de opbrengst van het waterbeheerprogramma 2016-2021, als inbreng voor het opstellen van het Waterbeheerprogramma 2022-2027 van Waterschap Rivierenland aan de...Show moreEen casusstudie naar het gebruik van de opbrengst van het waterbeheerprogramma 2016-2021, als inbreng voor het opstellen van het Waterbeheerprogramma 2022-2027 van Waterschap Rivierenland aan de hand van het Strategisch Planningsmodel van Bryson (2011).Show less
Josephus (‘Jef’) Carel Franciscus Last (1898-1972) was a Dutch leftist writer, polyglot, and Spanish Civil War volunteer. Though he never became an influential name in Dutch literature in the same...Show moreJosephus (‘Jef’) Carel Franciscus Last (1898-1972) was a Dutch leftist writer, polyglot, and Spanish Civil War volunteer. Though he never became an influential name in Dutch literature in the same way some of his contemporaries managed to, he did maintain several high-profile intellectual friendships across Europe and the Dutch East Indies. He was moreover one of the most dynamic leftists from the Netherlands during the 1930s, travelling to many different countries, as well as constantly developing his precise political allegiances, often leading him to joining new political movements and organisations. This MA thesis is concerned with how this development of his political allegiance precisely materialised, and whether his experiences in the Spanish Civil War definitively cemented his disillusionment with communism towards the late 1930s.Show less
In dit onderzoek staan de ongeschreven regels van de parlementaire democratie, zogeheten conventies, centraal. Ze zijn essentieel voor het functioneren van een democratie, en voorbeelden uit heden...Show moreIn dit onderzoek staan de ongeschreven regels van de parlementaire democratie, zogeheten conventies, centraal. Ze zijn essentieel voor het functioneren van een democratie, en voorbeelden uit heden en verleden laten zien dat schendingen van conventies democratieën kunnen afbreken. Toch hebben Nederlandse conventieschendingen tot nog toe weinig grote gevolgen teweeggebracht. Hoe dat kan is onderzocht door drie incidentenreeksen uit de naoorlogse periode te analyseren. Dat heeft laten zien dat de Tweede Kamer robuust genoeg is geweest om doortastend met conventieschendingen om te gaan. Het gedrag van politiek en pers zorgde daarvoor, alsmede de realiteit van het meerpartijenstelsel en het mechanisme van de kosten-batenafweging. De parlementaire democratie blijft echter niet uit zichzelf gezond, en met name het gedrag van politiek en pers vragen om blijvende oplettendheid.Show less
Authentication of a communication channel usually requires that the parties meet physically; but there is one solution if it is enough to confirm the geographical location of a party: quantum...Show moreAuthentication of a communication channel usually requires that the parties meet physically; but there is one solution if it is enough to confirm the geographical location of a party: quantum position verification (QPV). This is based on quantum mechanics, the no-cloning theorem, and special relativity, the invariance of the speed of light. We shown an extension of a QPV protocol where quantum information is communicated via the polarization state of single photons including the effects of photon loss and polarization noise, and explore it by numerical simulations. Moreover, we have designed and implemented the first steps of a QPV demonstration using optical fibers. We have been able to calibrate the setup for horizontal and vertical polarization states where a visibility of approximately 0.85 has been measured.Show less
In dit onderzoek is de invloed van de Vereniging VluchtelingenWerk Nederland op de (rechts)positie van vluchtelingenvrouwen in de jaren tachtig onderzocht. Aan de hand van documentatie van de...Show moreIn dit onderzoek is de invloed van de Vereniging VluchtelingenWerk Nederland op de (rechts)positie van vluchtelingenvrouwen in de jaren tachtig onderzocht. Aan de hand van documentatie van de organisatie zelf, is het werk en succes van het bureau Vrouwenwerk nader geanalyseerd. Gebleken is dat het bestaan van het bureau op was te delen in drie fases: de pioniersfase, de differentiatiefase en de integratiefase. Werkzaamheden waren onder meer gericht op onderzoek, beleidsbeïnvloeding, organisatievorming en werkgelegenheid. Dit onderzoek heeft een specifieke en gedetailleerde weergave opgeleverd van hoe een belangenorganisatie voor vluchtelingen zich manoeuvreerde in het cross-culturele en interdisciplinaire werkveld. Bovendien laat dit onderzoek zien hoe het bureau Vrouwenwerk het vluchtelingenvrouwenvraagstuk mondiaal op de kaart zette in de jaren tachtig.Show less
This thesis is about power relations behind the development of historically themed videogames set in the Global South. The thesis has taken into account games released in the Western World as well...Show moreThis thesis is about power relations behind the development of historically themed videogames set in the Global South. The thesis has taken into account games released in the Western World as well as in the Global South between 2000 and 2020. The main argument is that historically themed videogames set and developed in the Global South do not have the power to add to, differ from or change the representations made about their countries in the Western World.Show less
This research aimed to understand the different mechanism of integration in France throughout the 1980s. Looking into the difference of strategies held at the national and local level with their...Show moreThis research aimed to understand the different mechanism of integration in France throughout the 1980s. Looking into the difference of strategies held at the national and local level with their degrees of influence and impact of peoples’ daily life. This research focuses on the developed mechanism and framing for integration in France through three distinct governments under the presidency of Valérie Giscard d'Estaing and François Mitterrand. Through diving into parliamentary debates analysis, emerged different framing based on political perception of immigration, integration, racism, exclusion, hatred and policy strategies. While research carried at a local level focused more on social mobilisation and inclusivity to develop a frontal and pacific confrontation to hatred, racism and exclusion. To carry out this study, online and physical archival material documents were selected. The doors of ‘SOS Racisme’ were for the second time in their history open for research. Based on archival material, this study outlined that governance mechanism and different framing elevated at a national and local level of governmentality were different. It was found that due to a lack of understanding and physical exclusion of migrant population, a gap between communities was created. With the election of F. Mitterrand as President, new strategies for integration were develop and laid ground for social mobilisation to form. Hence, leading to a bottom-top approach and new means of understanding for a more fundamental perception of national wide diversity and integration strategies.Show less
The focus of this study is to assess sexual dimorphism of non-metric and metric characteristics of the mandible of a Dutch post Medieval rural population from the Middenbeemster polder in the...Show moreThe focus of this study is to assess sexual dimorphism of non-metric and metric characteristics of the mandible of a Dutch post Medieval rural population from the Middenbeemster polder in the province of Noord Holland in the Netherlands. The mandible is not seen as a reliable feature for sex estimation in research on Dutch Medieval populations based on non-metric traits. Studies on populations around the world show that the mandible is a reliable tool for estimating sex, provided that metric measurements of the mandible are used. This study focuses on the re-evaluation of the mandible as a reliable tool for sex estimation by studying both non-metric and metric sexual dimorphism of the mandible in a Dutch population. The development of a technique that reliably estimates mandibular sex in Dutch medieval populations would be a great contribution to the field of bioarchaeology. Sex estimation is paramount for the reconstruction of demographic structures of past societies. In this thesis sexual dimorphism based on both non-metric and metric is assessed. 90 samples from the Middenbeemster with known sex are used for measurement and observations. This sample consists of 40 females and 50 males. The non-metric scores are compared to known sex to assess reliability. The metric measurements are analysed using binary logistic regression and tree modelling to assess if the specific measurements are reliable in estimating sex of an unknown individual. The overall accuracy of the non-metric sex estimation is very low and therefore not reliable for further use. The metric measurements have a higher reliability rate, especially the bigonial breadth and the mean of the maximum ramus height. With the use of these two measurements a cross validated classification accuracy of 80.2 percent can be achieved. In conclusion, after re-evaluating the mandible it appears that the mandible can be used with high accuracy in sex estimation in the Dutch population of Middenbeemster and maybe in other North Western European populations from the post Medieval time period, which has to be assessed by future research.Show less
