Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
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¿Los libros hacen los pueblos? Desde el principio del siglo XX, diversos autores mapuches han producido un levantamiento literario debido al hueco que existe entre la historia enseñada en la...Show more¿Los libros hacen los pueblos? Desde el principio del siglo XX, diversos autores mapuches han producido un levantamiento literario debido al hueco que existe entre la historia enseñada en la escuela sobre tal pueblo y la tradición oral producido en el entorno familiar mapuche. La relación conflictiva entre el estado chileno y los mapuches y la lógica eurocentrista dentro del cual está producido el entorno escolar en Chile han causado que el currículo nacional chileno refleja narrativas históricas hegemónicas. Incluso son identificados como una colonización interna. Como respuesta, hay escritores que han tomado la autonomía para reescribir el pasado desde la perspectiva del pueblo originario. Este estudio explora cómo influye la elaboración de una perspectiva propia de la historia en la construcción de la identidad mapuche en base de dos objetivos. Por un lado, analiza la evolución identitaria e histórica del pueblo mapuche en los manuales escolares de historia desde el inicio de la república al principio del siglo XIX hasta las últimas reformas educacionales en el año 2009. Por otro lado, pone en diálogo el currículo nacional con los libros de historia escritos por autores mapuches: Recado confidencial a los chilenos (1999) de Elicura Chihuailaf, ¡…Escucha Wink…! Cuatro ensayos sobre la Historia Nacional Mapuche y un Epílogo sobre el futuro (2007) de Pablo Marimán et al. y Historia Secreta Mapuche (2017) por Pedro Cayuqueo. De aquí se ha evaluado que estamos frente a una posible narrativa decolonial en cuanto a la historia mapuche, lo cual conlleva un nuevo discurso identitario para el pueblo mapuche.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
open access
‘El gobelino’ (1983), de la escritora cubana María Elena Llana, y ‘La culpa es de los tlaxcaltecas’ (1964), de la mexicana Elena Garro, son relatos que exploran las dinámicas de espacio y género a...Show more‘El gobelino’ (1983), de la escritora cubana María Elena Llana, y ‘La culpa es de los tlaxcaltecas’ (1964), de la mexicana Elena Garro, son relatos que exploran las dinámicas de espacio y género a través de la ocupación de las esferas pública y privada y los elementos fantásticos a su disposición. Por medio de las huidas, las muertes, la heterotopía domiciliar y las supuestas enfermedades, ambas escritoras crean mundos que se establecen como una suerte de ruptura con el orden colonial-patriarcal. No en forma de manifiestos, sino a través de ambigüedades y contradicciones, concretizadas en sus personajes. Por vía de estos conflictos, que surgen desde mi análisis de los textos, pretendo arrojar luz sobre la similitud de problemas que se presentan en el contexto moderno de ambos. La denuncia que se rescata de los cuentos radica precisamente en exhibir la tensión contenciosa que existe entre los procesos modernizadores en América Latina y las reclamaciones por la liberación femenina. Ante las continuas luchas emancipadoras y a la vez la creciente resistencia contra estas en muchos países latinoamericanos, se hace relevante pensar las nociones de género en los relatos de ficción, herramientas ―como estudiaremos― de intervención cultural. Bajo esta luz, consideraremos dos textos que provienen de contextos que se destacan por su carácter clave en el transcurrir de los procesos de libertad en Latinoamérica. Marcada por diferencias a escala sociopolítica, la comparación entre un cuento cubano y otro mexicano en este trabajo, establecerá un análisis de las representaciones de confinamiento y huida femenina en el marco de un orden patriarcal-moderno continuo.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
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This thesis analyses in what sense the culinary archive la biblioteca básica de las cocinas tradicionales colombianas [the basic library of traditional Colombian cuisine], that was erected in 2012...Show moreThis thesis analyses in what sense the culinary archive la biblioteca básica de las cocinas tradicionales colombianas [the basic library of traditional Colombian cuisine], that was erected in 2012 by the Ministry of Culture, contributes to the construction of the national identity. It evaluates the incentive behind the message of diversity and equality that is claimed to be conveyed by the archive, methodized by food genealogy and presents a menu of recipes that are subject to deconstruction. The shifting representations of the selected food practices with indigenous origins that have been subject to globalization are traced within four major historical periods and their associated dynamics: the precolonial period (original formation), the colonial era (reformation), the Republic (nationalisation), and eventually contemporary time (gentrification). Additionally, it illustrates the flaws of substantiation of the written mission of the Ministry of Cultural Affairs by placing the archive into dialogue with the hinterland of the recipes’ foodways, illustrating the dangerously fine line between gastronomic multiculturalism and culinary colonialism.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
open access
The electoral victory new Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) in 2018 meant a major change in the country, as it was the first time a candidate from the left won. However, as...Show moreThe electoral victory new Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) in 2018 meant a major change in the country, as it was the first time a candidate from the left won. However, as statistical data show, president AMLO has a big task ahead of him, as homicide rates and violence within the country are spiraling. This research analyzes the characteristics of the use of violence within Mexico, and how this has impacted the state’s legitimacy during the previous two presidential terms, hereby going beyond the ‘failed state’ debate and putting Max Weber’s theory on the monopoly on violence into perspective (Weber 1978). It argues that organized crime, principally the Mexican drug-trafficking organizations (DTOs), are the main actor challenging the state’s legitimacy and that the two are connected in an uneasy equilibrium that has changed in nature over time. The analysis concludes that there are three principal actors through which the dynamics of violence and state legitimacy interact: the Mexican government, the DTOs and Mexican civil society and that this interplay had led to a capacity, security and legitimacy gap. It further argues that there are different types of legitimacy in Mexico: judicial, economic and social/cultural, meaning that although the Mexican president in theory is the legitimate authority of the country, in practice this is a whole other story.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
open access
Nesta tese, proponho estudar Boi Neon (2015), o filme mais recente do diretor brasileiro Gabriel Mascaro, e Nossos Ossos (2013), do escritor brasileiro Marcelino Freire. Na forma de “close reading”...Show moreNesta tese, proponho estudar Boi Neon (2015), o filme mais recente do diretor brasileiro Gabriel Mascaro, e Nossos Ossos (2013), do escritor brasileiro Marcelino Freire. Na forma de “close reading” se analisará como se reconstrói e se reinventa o sujeito masculino na sociedade moderna, na qual surge uma convivência conflitiva de diversas formas de masculinidade(s) que se negociam interna e externamente dos sujeitos. As obras estão assombradas (“haunted”) pela tradição regional. Estar assombrado significa o quanto a sensação de ser é sempre perseguida ou assombrada por algo outro que impossibilita descrever, compreender ou fechar a existência em categorias definidas. Desestabiliza as noções de um eu independente e coerente. Surge, então, um potencial deconstrutivo de ruptura e abertura, oferecendo um espaço no qual “Outros” conceptuais e textuais podem emergir. Tanto Bezerra (2014) como Angeli e Machado (2017) relacionam Heleno, o protagonista de Nossos Ossos, ao herói clássico da antiguidade, na qual os amores masculinos se reconheciam oficialmente. Na época moderna, a homossexualidade de Heleno é um fator identitário problemático. Carvalho e De Moraes (2017), tratam Boi Neon a través do conceito da perspectiva do arquivo. Segundo eles, o arquivo, como conjunto de rastros que são ressignificados, é confrontado por uma masculinidade multifacetada, desafiando o paradigma heteronormativo estabelecido. Porém, é importante especificar a dinâmica e transformações da masculinidade em relação à tradição regional. Os protagonistas, ambos nordestinos ambulantes, transitam pela região do Nordeste. Há neles uma constante interferência identitária da tradição passada nordestina que notamos em peças canônicas da região do Nordeste, como Vidas Secas (1938) e Os Sertões (1902). Boi Neon e Nossos Ossos trazem novas representações da masculinidade tradicional nordestina, desafiando a criação de estereótipos e imagens fixas que atravessam o imaginário regional e nacional. Confrontam a tendência em direção a uma normatividade rígida, criando novas verdades que desafiam os modelos hegemônicos da masculinidade, feminidade e a repressão desta ordem dominante.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
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The thesis talks about art and activism in Cuba, and is focused on Tania Bruguera and the Institution of Artivism Hannah Arendt. The study analyze informations from art critic and anthropological...Show moreThe thesis talks about art and activism in Cuba, and is focused on Tania Bruguera and the Institution of Artivism Hannah Arendt. The study analyze informations from art critic and anthropological field research. Through a description of Cuban society of 2017 will be examined how freedom of speech of art can be used for social goals. However the main topic is the Relational Art and the development of a new paradigm which involves a political aim as part of the work of art. This research discusses controversies about the effects of aRtivism on the Cuban society and propose an interpretation of an elaborated cultural landscape.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
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This master thesis will be devoted to the switch in Dutch foreign policy towards Latin America. Hereby we are reffering to the switch from a more development oriented policy towards a policy that...Show moreThis master thesis will be devoted to the switch in Dutch foreign policy towards Latin America. Hereby we are reffering to the switch from a more development oriented policy towards a policy that lays attention on the economic relations. We are aware of the comprehensiveness of the Latin American region, but due to the various developments that have taken place over the years we consider it important to look at Latin America in general. Subsequently, we will take a closer look at specific countries. The first chapter is the theoretical framework, the second chapter will be aimed at the relations between the Netherlands and Latin America in the period of the 1970s to the early 2000s and the third chapter will be aimed at the current relations between the Netherlands and Latin America and includes special attention to the following countries: Cuba, Colombia, Panama, Mexico and Chile.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
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This work aims to investigate the intricate relationship between landscape and mobility in three Brazilian road movies - Bye bye Brasil, Andarilho and Viajo porque preciso, volto porque te amo. A...Show moreThis work aims to investigate the intricate relationship between landscape and mobility in three Brazilian road movies - Bye bye Brasil, Andarilho and Viajo porque preciso, volto porque te amo. A new conceptual framework is elaborated to brings together landscape and mobility as perspectives that are able to engage in a reciprocal relationship; this framework is called the dialectics of the road. The three films occupy different locations in the landscape and mobility spectrum. By using the dialectics of the road as an instrument for cultural analysis, they can be considered in the same analysis, and the relationship between the journey and the spaces through which is travelled can be studied comparatively. When driving a car it is impossible to simultaneously look ahead, watch the scenery and occasionally check the rear-view mirror; in a similar way the landscape and mobility perspective are in a constant state of alternation during the road movie journey. The framework that has been elaborated in this thesis gives the viewer the ability to focus on the road ahead while keeping track of their position on the road and their relationship to the surroundings. This way the stereotypical forward orientation of the road movie can be complemented by different contexts and other logics, opening up the road for new interpretations and establishing the travelled space as a crossroads of perspectives.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
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Lucrecia Martel retrata vidas cotidianas en la privacidad de sus hogares, casi como si fuera un documental retratando el día a día de la especie humana. La cámara frecuentemente cercana a la piel,...Show moreLucrecia Martel retrata vidas cotidianas en la privacidad de sus hogares, casi como si fuera un documental retratando el día a día de la especie humana. La cámara frecuentemente cercana a la piel, frecuentemente desplazada de foco, guía la atención del espectador en una dirección, mientras que el sonido lo dirige hacia otra. Apelando de esta forma a la ambigüedad, a la confusión de los sentidos en el espectador, presenta tramas que se sienten familiares y se ofrecen como una experiencia sensorial directa. Esta tesis propone hacer una lectura conjunta de los tres filmes, postulando que no sólo hay un estilo en común sino también una forma política de exponer por medio de la representación de mundos domésticos, el presente y el pasado de las estructuras de poder de la sociedad argentina, y acaso el de toda la región latinoamericana.Show less
Research master thesis | Latin American Studies (research) (MA)
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In this thesis the objective is to understand why state-market relations change overtime and the main research question is: “How do changing state-market-relations influence the performance of the...Show moreIn this thesis the objective is to understand why state-market relations change overtime and the main research question is: “How do changing state-market-relations influence the performance of the Brazilian energy sector and what has been the impact of the different roles of the state on (national) growth and development since the First Republic until the Dilma Administration (1889-2016)?” The objective is to study which model leads to the development of an energy sector that can be used to accomplish broad-based national development. Furthermore, it would be quite interesting to analyse why policy changes occurs. The reason for the choice for energy is an obvious one as it is essential for economic development. Furthermore, energy resources, subsoil or offshore, such as coal, uranium, and oil and gas, and renewable energy resources such as biomass, wind-, solar-, and hydropower form a vital public good and should be provided at affordable prices even in remote areas. Therefore, the relation between development and state ownership of energy resources will be investigated. In this regard, the performance during the First Republic (1889-1930) will be analysed to study the impact of “liberalism”. In addition, the impact of “structuralism” (1930-1995) will be studied. Afterwards, the impact of “liberalization” (1995-2002) will be compared with “neo-structuralism” under the Workers Party (PT) (2003-2016). In this thesis is chosen for almost all energy resources to demonstrate that the same pattern takes place in all energy sectors, and thus, even in sectors that are considered strategic or sensitive such as nuclear energy. In addition, it shows that sectors such as wind and solar pose massive potential for energy generation in Brazil and that those sectors are remarkably underdeveloped in the country. The case study also demonstrates that government policy has proven to be necessary to provide incentives for investors to develop them and that currently government policy does not stimulate investment in those sectors. The expectation is that ideally to achieve national development and to develop new sectors the state should own and protect it while providing incentives for growth but that in practice state-market relations change to keep expanding the exploitation of energy resources in a changing global economic environment, and that outcomes reflect the relative bargaining power of local, state and multinational capital. The expectation in regard to the role of the state is that its function is to facilitate capital, and to coerce labour. Hence, to provide financial incentives and easy access for mostly foreign capital while the other role for the state seems to be the appeasement of different actors that have the potential capacity and will to oppose the expansion of foreign investment and exploitation of energy resources through the strategic use of stick and carrot in a changing global economic context.Show less
