Privacy has become the subject of heated international debate in recent years. In particular the privacy of personal data has emerged in the centre of discussions about privacy. Some argue that...Show morePrivacy has become the subject of heated international debate in recent years. In particular the privacy of personal data has emerged in the centre of discussions about privacy. Some argue that privacy is not a universal concept, and that people from different countries differ in their attitude towards privacy. There is a contested notion that Japanese people have little to no sense of privacy. Existing research has focussed on how Japanese people conceive privacy and their attitude towards privacy, but privacy protection behaviour is not examined, nor is the translation from the conception of privacy and attitude towards privacy to protection behaviour discussed. This thesis examines influencing factors on the privacy protection behaviour of Japanese people through interviews. The analysis of the interview data uses a model of privacy-related behaviour, developed by Beldad, De Jong et al. (2011) as a comprehensive replacement for existing less complete models. Participants in this study mainly conceived privacy as their personal information. The chief method of protection was withholding information. The influences on privacy protection behaviour concentrated in participants' concerns about their information privacy and their ability to perceive risks to their information privacy.Show less
Japan en de Verenigde Staten maken als enige geïndustrialiseerde democratieën nog gebruik van de doodstraf. Volgens enquêtes die zijn afgenomen door de Japanse overheid is de meerderheid van de...Show moreJapan en de Verenigde Staten maken als enige geïndustrialiseerde democratieën nog gebruik van de doodstraf. Volgens enquêtes die zijn afgenomen door de Japanse overheid is de meerderheid van de Japanse bevolking voor de doodstraf. Dit wordt dan ook gebruikt door de Japanse overheid om het behouden van de doodstraf te rechtvaardigen. Hoewel de enquêtes informatie verschaffen over de publieke opinie ontbreekt er nog informatie om de publieke opinie geheel te kunnen begrijpen. Om meer inzichten te verkrijgen in de publieke opinie omtrent de doodstraf in Japan zal de maatschappelijke discussie omtrent de doodstraf in Japan worden onderzocht.Show less
East Asia is seen simultaneously as one of the most dynamic centres of world economics and politics and one of the tensest regions on the globe, housing two of the biggest powers and rivals (Newby...Show moreEast Asia is seen simultaneously as one of the most dynamic centres of world economics and politics and one of the tensest regions on the globe, housing two of the biggest powers and rivals (Newby 1). The East Asian theatre is where one of the most complex inter-state relationships plays out, the two actors are China and Japan. The aim of this thesis will be to understand what effect Japanese remilitarisation and Chinese expansionism are having on Sino-Japanese security relations. By combining the theory of neoclassical realism and the security dilemma theory, this thesis aims to show that Japanese remilitarisation and Chinese military expansionism are having a negative effect on security relations as they generate security dilemma dynamics, that are enhanced by domestic variables such as nationalism and parochial interests of the leadership.Show less
The Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami, which occurred on March 3rd, 2011, was a natural disaster of an unprecedented scale. One of its more severe aftermaths, the accident in...Show moreThe Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami, which occurred on March 3rd, 2011, was a natural disaster of an unprecedented scale. One of its more severe aftermaths, the accident in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, remains unresolved until this day. Thousands of people were relocated due to the nuclear contamination, and the local communities were severed. This paper addresses the discussion about the further exploitation of nuclear power in Japan, which arose as a consequence of the nuclear accident. Although the Japanese government intends to continue relying on atomic energy, various statistics have shown the citizens’ objection. In this qualitative study, the representatives of three areas within Tohoku region were asked about their opinions towards nuclear power plants, and their arguments. The interviews were analyzed through the premises of socio-psychological dual-process theory, which explains how the opinions are constructed. One’s personal experience, perception of benefit or loss, and the trust towards the government and the energy companies proved to be the crucial factors for opinions’ construction. Moreover, the tragedy contributed to end the indifference of citizens, disappointed with the centralized government and its poor disaster response. The importance of the local authorities is increasing, and the close-knit societies are recovering faster. Lastly, the Japanese urgent need for alternative energy sources became visible, however currently there is no substitute capable of replacing nuclear power completely.Show less
The Japanese government had several reasons to establish and implement the Botaiho law in 1992. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of this law by both looking at the effects on the...Show moreThe Japanese government had several reasons to establish and implement the Botaiho law in 1992. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of this law by both looking at the effects on the boryokudan and the Japanese society. Also, this thesis aims to describe why the Botaiho is formulated and established this particular way.Show less
Wanneer er naar cijfers over drugsgebruik in Japan wordt gekeken lijkt het erop dat het drugsprobleem in Japan klein is in vergelijking met veel andere ontwikkelde landen. Aangezien de discussie...Show moreWanneer er naar cijfers over drugsgebruik in Japan wordt gekeken lijkt het erop dat het drugsprobleem in Japan klein is in vergelijking met veel andere ontwikkelde landen. Aangezien de discussie over het nut van (streng) drugsbeleid de laatste decennia een andere wending neemt, is het interessant om te kijken naar de stand van zaken in een land zoals Japan met haar lage cijfers omtrent drugsgebruik en vrij streng drugsbeleid. De vraag is of het drugsbeleid en de wet- en regelgeving in Japan zorgen voor het lage cijfer drugsgebruikers. Door de jaren heen heeft Japan haar drugsbeleid ingevoerd en aangepast naar aanleiding van internationale invloeden en binnenlandse opkomst van drugsgebruik onder de bevolking. Vergelijkingen met andere landen laten echter zien dat Japan hierin niet uniek is. Het is dan ook waarschijnlijk dat in het algemeen wet- en regelgeving geen doorslaggevende invloed hebben gehad op het lage cijfer drugsgebruikers in Japan. Wat effectief is en wat niet kan echter per cultuur erg verschillen. De recente internationale druk naar een schade reducerend drugsbeleid hoeft voor Japan en misschien ook voor andere landen niet te werken.Show less
Contradictory to a common assumption in criminology, which assumes crime rates to be the lowest among senior citizens, the crime rates among the elderly share of the Japanese population is on the...Show moreContradictory to a common assumption in criminology, which assumes crime rates to be the lowest among senior citizens, the crime rates among the elderly share of the Japanese population is on the rise in recent years. This development is accompanied by a rapidly aging Japanese population. Considering the speed of this process in Japan and seeing other industrialised nations follow the aging trend, this phenomenon poses a severe threat to the economy and social security in aging societies and Japan in particular. As the number of elderly offenders is rising much faster than the total share of senior citizens in Japan, it is of crucial importance to identify potential causes for the rise of criminal offenses amongst the Japanese elderly. Analysing crime rates, demographic change, government reports and secondary literature, this study identifies potential factors that contribute to rising elderly crime rates between 1989 and 2014. As a result, this research finds that social disintegration is the most significant factor in explaining the changing crime patterns in Japan.Show less
De meeste geïndustrialiseerde landen verbieden discriminatie. Zo staat er in het Nederlandse Wetboek van Strafrecht (artikel 90) dat discriminatie een strafbaar feit is. Bijna alle leden van de...Show moreDe meeste geïndustrialiseerde landen verbieden discriminatie. Zo staat er in het Nederlandse Wetboek van Strafrecht (artikel 90) dat discriminatie een strafbaar feit is. Bijna alle leden van de Verenigde Naties hebben ook wetten tot stand gebracht die vormen van rassendiscriminatie verbieden. In Japan is dit echter niet zo. De Japanse grondwet heeft wel een artikel met betrekking tot discriminatie en gelijkheid van mensen, maar voor het Strafrecht is discriminatie niet verboden. In de wet staat dus wel dat de overheid burgers niet mag discrimineren, maar er is geen regelgeving in Japan die discriminatie tussen burgers onderling verbiedt. Dit betekent echter niet dat discriminatie tussen burgers onderling niet bestreden wordt. Het doel van deze scriptie is het verklaren van de rol die het recht speelt bij de bestrijding van discriminatie in Japan.Show less
In 2009, the LJS, otherwise known as the saiban-in seido ,was implemented in Japan (Mcclanahan, 2012). This system was part of an overall reform of the law system in Japan. The system lets ordinary...Show moreIn 2009, the LJS, otherwise known as the saiban-in seido ,was implemented in Japan (Mcclanahan, 2012). This system was part of an overall reform of the law system in Japan. The system lets ordinary citizens, citizens who do not have any experience in participating in court and are not professionally educated judges, participate in criminal trials. These ordinary citizens participate in these trials as a jury member. These jury members are able to decide on the right form of justice in criminal trials together with three professional judges. This jury is suppose to represent the voices of the ordinary citizens in the Japanese law system. This way, the law system is seen as more democratised system compared to the old traditional three judges system and miscarriages of justice should be noticeable sooner and therefore easier to prevent. The first chapter of this paper will take a look at possible previous jury systems that can be compared to the current LJS. We will look at these previous systems to see what kind of impact these had on the law system in Japan and to see whether these can be comparable to the current system. We will take a look at what made Japan discontinue these previous systems. After this we could possibly see what would make this 2009 introduced LJS different from other such failed systems and would therefore make this system more successful. The second chapter will take a look at what the original plan for the LJS in Japan was concerning the goals set for the system. Chapter three will look at the democratisation the system was originally aiming for. Following in chapter four, we will look at what exactly the judge system entails, how it works and what changed in the courtroom. In chapter five we will look at possible results the system is giving. After which in chapter six, we can compare these current results with the original goals of the system and see if these are unforeseen results. This will lead us to the conclusion about whether or not this system indeed democratised the system as originally planned.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt er onderzocht op welke manier ras en identiteit een rol spelen in Japanse hip hop. Dit gebeurt door eerst een definitie te geven aan het concept ´hip hop´, daarna de rol van...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt er onderzocht op welke manier ras en identiteit een rol spelen in Japanse hip hop. Dit gebeurt door eerst een definitie te geven aan het concept ´hip hop´, daarna de rol van hip hop in Japan te onderzoeken en ten slotte door ook Japanse rapnummers te analyseren.Show less
In the postwar period, developments and changes, among the others, occurred also within yakuza organizations. On both levels, local and international, different reasons lead to the decision of...Show moreIn the postwar period, developments and changes, among the others, occurred also within yakuza organizations. On both levels, local and international, different reasons lead to the decision of taking action against the organized crime. Due to local factors, mostly a deeper involvement of the citizens in gang related activities, implying more danger in the daily life; and due to international factors, mainly the union of the ‘democratized countries’ against the fight of organized crime, with particular reference to drug related offences, Japan moved for the first time in a serious way against yakuza. In 1992 The Bōtaihō暴対法, or ‘Anti-bōryokudan law’, law No. 77 was implemented. Together with the anti- bōryokudan law, through the years, other laws have been improved, or enacted, with the purpose of controlling, or confining yakuza activities out of the Japanese society. The most recent is the introduction of prefectural ordinances: these, carrying the same purpose of isolating暴力団員bōryokudan-in “bōryokudan members” through the ban of their commercial relations with the societies’ members. Looking at yakuza activities and developments during the twenty years between the first anti-bōryokudan law enforcement (1992) and the recent enactment of the prefectural ordinances (2012), did the laws do what they were supposed to? Have the goals that the laws were aimed at been realized?Show less
This research tries to explore the effects of institutional social capital on the job hunt of Japanese elite university students. It does so by comparing the institutional social capital of elite...Show moreThis research tries to explore the effects of institutional social capital on the job hunt of Japanese elite university students. It does so by comparing the institutional social capital of elite university students and that of more moderate university students. By making use of semi-structured interviews wherein the students are able to explain their personal experiences, it becomes clear that there are many ways in which students feel the influence of their institutional linkage. Because there are many ways in which social capital can affect the job hunt, this study focuses on four main elements; job hunting support from the home university, job search channels which include informal contacts, effect of institutional linkage and the successfulness of students to find employment. Combining these four elements it becomes clear that the way in which elite university students make use of their institutional social capital differs from that of moderate university students.Show less
