Following mass demonstrations in Brazil for the impeachement of Dilma Rousseff and the increasing relevance of local city governments in global politics this paper examines and analyses the...Show moreFollowing mass demonstrations in Brazil for the impeachement of Dilma Rousseff and the increasing relevance of local city governments in global politics this paper examines and analyses the possible effects of 'glocal' governing on the Brazilian population. This paper takes the city government and population of São Paulo as Case Study.Show less
Deze scriptie analyseert de politieke discours van de Venezolaanse ex-president Hugo Chávez en de huidige president Nicolás Maduro. De focus van deze analyse ligt op de populistische en anti...Show moreDeze scriptie analyseert de politieke discours van de Venezolaanse ex-president Hugo Chávez en de huidige president Nicolás Maduro. De focus van deze analyse ligt op de populistische en anti-imperialistische elementen binnen deze discours. Er zal gekeken worden in hoeverre het politieke discours van Nicolás Maduro overeenkomt met dat van zijn voorganger Hugo Chávez. De politieke discours zullen geplaatst worden in de context van de opkomst van linkse regeringen in Latijns-Amerika.Show less
Throughout the 20th century the region of Latin America has been widely influenced by external actors such as the United States or international organizations, like the IMF or the World Bank. The...Show moreThroughout the 20th century the region of Latin America has been widely influenced by external actors such as the United States or international organizations, like the IMF or the World Bank. The influences of those actors gave rise to “dependency theory”, which highlights the inequalities between more powerful actors of the so-called “center” of the world and those of the “periphery”. As a response, Latin American countries have engaged in different attempts to decrease the influence of those external actors, while increasing their own. In the early 2000s, due to changes in its foreign policy, the focus of the United States on Latin America has decreased. The risen gap has allowed the recently grown superpower China to focus on the region. Consequently, the East-Asian country has become the first or second biggest trade partner for states like Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico or Venezuela. Next to the risen trade other bilateral relations, such as investments, combined attempts of development and political relations, have increased. While there are several apparent benefits for both sides, criticism has been voiced regarding a new version of dependency on China replacing that towards the United States. However, such criticism has mainly focused on assessing the international relations between China as a state and Latin America as an entire region. Therefore, by addressing the rising dependency, this paper will show that, in regard to Sino-Latin American relations, the region of Latin America cannot be analyzed as a whole but has to be divided into its nation states. By comparing the two case studies Chile and Venezuela and their respective relations with China the varying levels of dependency between China and different Latin American states will be portrayed.Show less
chapter 1 aims to provide an academic framework through which the Antarctic geopolitical strategies can be understood. Building upon the academic contextualization of the first chapter, chapter 2...Show morechapter 1 aims to provide an academic framework through which the Antarctic geopolitical strategies can be understood. Building upon the academic contextualization of the first chapter, chapter 2 explores the conditions of the current geopolitical strategies of Chile, Argentina and Great Britain. Insights into the potential of the region, its legal regime, and its uncertain political future, provide an understanding of the circumstances in which Antarctic strategy has been formed. In Chapter 3, the official geopolitical strategies of Chile and its direct territorial rivals in Antarctica are scrutinized and finally compared using the previously established conditions. By following this structure, I aim to provide the academic scholarship with a framework for future geopolitical research on how these countries have changed their strategies in the run up to 2048 and for future comparisons with the strategies of other claimant, non-claimant, or third party statesShow less
The recently signed peace-agreement with the FARC poses many opportunities to the Colombian state, as well as new challenges. Even though the biggest guerrilla organisation in the country has now...Show moreThe recently signed peace-agreement with the FARC poses many opportunities to the Colombian state, as well as new challenges. Even though the biggest guerrilla organisation in the country has now been demobilised, organised crime seems to be taking over power in former FARC-territory for interests connected to the illegal drug trade. This paper analyses the ways in which organised crime undermines the possibility of the Colombian government to re-establish rule of law in these regions. It concludes that the magnitude and structure of crime is in Colombia problematic, that the recent visibility of crime undermines the state’s legitimacy, and that the penetration of organised crime into the political sphere, which is vulnerable to corruption, decreases the effectiveness of policies against organised crime.Show less
The recent shift to the right in Latin American politics requires an analysis of the consequences of this development for US-Latin American relations. This is essential since the relations have...Show moreThe recent shift to the right in Latin American politics requires an analysis of the consequences of this development for US-Latin American relations. This is essential since the relations have deteriorated in the previous Pink Tide era, an era in which anti-American left-wing governments gained momentum, which led to a rejection of the US hegemony in the region. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between the Latin American political spectrum, the nature of bilateral relations with the United States and US hegemony. Argentina is taken as a case study to demonstrate that the shift to the right results in improved bilateral relations with the United States, which consequently shows an increasing influence of the US in Argentina. If this development spreads to other countries in the region, there is a real potential for the United States to reinforce its hegemony in Latin America.Show less
Este trabajo trata la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en Chile. El énfasis se pone a los cambios en la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en el período...Show moreEste trabajo trata la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en Chile. El énfasis se pone a los cambios en la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en el período 2000 - 2010 con el enfoque en el liderazgo político y en la agenda de género del gobierno de Michelle Bachelet. También este trabajo estudia la evolución de la participación de las mujeres como candidatas en las elecciones parlamentarias en dicho período. Para el análisis de esta temática se utilizan varias teorías de autores como Fernández Poncela, Franceschet, Fernández Ramil, Ríos y Reyes Housholder que describen ante todo la oportunidad política de las mujeres, el liderazgo femenino y la participación sustantiva y descriptiva de las mujeres que son claves para este trabajo. La mayoría de los datos fueron recogidos durante el trabajo de campo que complementa la literatura sobre esta temática. Las entrevistas con varios expertos tratan los temas de machismo, percepción de las mujeres de parte de la sociedad, el comportamiento de los partidos políticos hacia las mujeres, las razones de mayor participación de las mujeres y la figura de Michelle Bachelet y su impacto en la política chilena. El análisis intenta a responder la pregunta si el liderazgo de Michelle Bachelet ha aumentado la participación política de las mujeres y la política de la primera presidenta de Chile ha generado un aumento de las mujeres en la política nacional. El análisis muestra que el impacto de Michelle Bachelet no fue tan alto como se tenía esperado. El trabajo señala que la figura de Bachelet tiene un valor simbólico porque logró visibilizar la agenda de género y la necesidad de la equidad de género en Chile. También es posible resumir que el ámbito político chileno sigue siendo muy machista y muy complejo para que haya una mayor inserción de las mujeres a cargos políticos. Bachelet es una excepción que logró un éxito, pero en el campo de las políticas pro-mujer no siempre fue exitosa. Durante su segundo gobierno logró que se aprobara la ley de cuota de género que finalmente terminó con la baja participación política de las mujeres, pero todavía es necesario promover más las políticas públicas dirigidas a las mujeres y desarrollar la política de género como muestra este trabajo.Show less
Throughout the 20th century, the Brazilian agricultural landscape has gone through meaningful transformations of modernization, globalization and expansionism. While increasingly concentrated land...Show moreThroughout the 20th century, the Brazilian agricultural landscape has gone through meaningful transformations of modernization, globalization and expansionism. While increasingly concentrated land ownership and ruralist hegemony consolidated the position of rural elites, Brazilian agriculture has also progressively integrated into Global Commodity Chains (GCC), dominated by a complex of transnational agribusiness. Simultaneously, lethal violence targeting activists and local communities who seek to frustrate the expanding agricultural frontiers exacerbates, undermining those who resist the agribusiness model. Focusing on the case of the soybean GCC as a commodity complex, this Master’s thesis approaches violence in rural land conflicts as an endogenous regulatory feature of the agribusiness regime of accumulation, leading to the theorization of competitive structures of direct violence.Show less
Since the formation of the Peruvian Republic in 1821, until the creation of the Truth and Reconcili- ation Commission in 2001, collective memory was curated through a single narrative. This type of...Show moreSince the formation of the Peruvian Republic in 1821, until the creation of the Truth and Reconcili- ation Commission in 2001, collective memory was curated through a single narrative. This type of collective memory curation aimed at building a national identity and thus unifying a country with deep-rooted ethnic, social and geographic divisions. However, as Peru was ravaged by an internal war from the year 1980 to 2000, the deadliest conflict the nation has faced in its history, new spaces opened for the curation of collective memory. The most notable of these spaces are memory sites and museums, which fuels the question that guides this thesis: what is the role of memory sites and memory museums in curating collective memory in post-conflict Peru? Firstly, the concept ‘new wars’ and how it has shaped the meaning of post-conflict shall be explored. Followed by a delve into collect- ive memory and how its curation has changed in the last century through memory sites and museums. Consequently, chapter two analyses the socio-political context which led to the development of new ways of curating collective memory in Peru and the role collective memory had and has in national politics. Chapter three analyses the role of the ‘Lugar de la Memoria, Tolerancia y la Inclusion Social’ (Place of Memory, Tolerance and Social Inclusion, LUM) in curating collective memory in post-conflict Peru.Show less
The thesis draws an analytical approach on the issue of political clientelism within the Mexican State. A comparison on the occurence of political clientelism within the PRI regime and the post-PRI...Show moreThe thesis draws an analytical approach on the issue of political clientelism within the Mexican State. A comparison on the occurence of political clientelism within the PRI regime and the post-PRI regimes has been included within the research in order to find out whether the fall of the single-party rule of the PRI has brought any signifcant differences to the levels of political clientelism within the state.Show less
