The rise of globalization in the Occident after WWII was accompanied by neoliberal policies based on economic expansion. In the case of Argentina, the country was affected by this neoliberal wave...Show moreThe rise of globalization in the Occident after WWII was accompanied by neoliberal policies based on economic expansion. In the case of Argentina, the country was affected by this neoliberal wave from the seventies on. Globalization provoked a global increase of competition between workers and workplaces. The market knew less and less frontiers which made that intense labour tasks, those which require handwork for example, are shifted to countries or places with lower salaries and poor labour protection. Industrial production suffers from the increasing importance of economic expansion. The existence of sweatshops is directly related to these neoliberal open market policies since this change in the economic scene has a big influence on the clothing industry. Countries start to import cheap prêt-à-porter clothes from Asian countries and force their own domestic clothing industry to lower their prices in order to survive. Some clothing businesses start to outsource the production process by moving it to the informal economy in order to avoid costs. The outsourcing of the production process favours big companies while the working conditions get worse for producers. These changes and economic factors lead to the existence of sweatshops. This research aims at analysing how brands benefit from the informal economy and the use of sweatshops for the production of their clothes and describe the profile of sweatshops in Buenos Aires and their employees. Around 20.000 sweatshops are based in the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. In these sweatshops, cheap clothes for informal markets as well as expensive clothes for prestigious brands are made, sometimes alongside each other in the same sweatshop. The particular sweatshops based in Buenos Aires are located in small buildings, as houses, where they are invisible for passing citizens. Worldwide there is a trend that most sweatshop workers are migrants, in Argentina most sweatshops workers and heads of the sweatshops are of Bolivian origin. Work conditions in sweatshops are very bad. People often get the feeling of being locked up in the sense that they have no better option or see no way out of the situation, sometimes people are also physically locked up in the workplaces. The fashion industry is always moving, brands require extreme flexibility from their producers. These demands are impossible to achieve by working according to existing labour rights. Brands take advantage of the subcontracting of producers inside the informal economy to meet with the shifting demands of their clients. Sweatshops pay the price of this fast fashion trend throughout the world.Show less
De informele sector is een belangrijk onderdeel van de economieën van de Latijns-Amerikaanse landen. Het is een sector die vaak als een ondergrondse sector wordt gezien en de sector waar een groot...Show moreDe informele sector is een belangrijk onderdeel van de economieën van de Latijns-Amerikaanse landen. Het is een sector die vaak als een ondergrondse sector wordt gezien en de sector waar een groot deel van de bevolking zich in bevindt.Een fenomeen dat zich onder andere binnen deze sector voordoet is piraterij van bijvoorbeeld boeken, cd’s en films. Het doel van deze scriptie is beschrijven hoe de piraterij van cd’s en voornamelijk dvd’s zich uit in de informele sector van Peru. De centrale vraag die hierbij gesteld kan worden is: hoe uit de piraterij van cd’s en voornamelijk dvd’s zich in de informele sector van Peru? Om tot een antwoord te komen op deze vraag zal worden ingegaan op verschillende aspecten zoals de bestrijding van Piraterij, maar ook op de voordelen die het geeft zoals de toegang tot cultuur.Show less
