The purpose of this thesis is two-fold – first of all, it aims to examine the extent to which the concepts of norm diffusion as conceptualized by NPE theory are capable of explaining the lackluster...Show moreThe purpose of this thesis is two-fold – first of all, it aims to examine the extent to which the concepts of norm diffusion as conceptualized by NPE theory are capable of explaining the lackluster diffusion of abolitionist norms due to the comparatively “low political salience” within the relationship (Bacon, Mayer, & Nakamura, 2016, p. 108). Secondly, this thesis examines the normative roles of both the EU and Japan, analyzes the justifiability cultural relativism of ‘universalist’ norms propagated actors such as the EU and both the intended and unintended consequences of secrecy in effective norm diffusion.Show less
This thesis analyzes legislative and discursive approaches of the Civic platform-led (2007 – 2015) and the PiS-led (2015 – 2020) governments while also linking those approaches to the European...Show moreThis thesis analyzes legislative and discursive approaches of the Civic platform-led (2007 – 2015) and the PiS-led (2015 – 2020) governments while also linking those approaches to the European level. It shows that LGBT rights have become politicized at both the European and the national level in Poland. The EU both discursively and legislatively supports LGBT rights while alleging its (pro-LGBT) values that are both universal and European apparently leading it to be an example around the world. Therefore, the pro-EU governments in Poland were clearly more pro-EU. The Civic Platform-led government, as a generally pro-EU government, was hesitant to politicize LGBT rights because of its sensitiveness. However, through the years its discourse and policy towards LGBT rights became more explicit in supporting LGBT rights. On the other hand, the PiS-led government was highly critical of LGBT rights while using its opposition to LGBT rights as a tool to campaign. Its stance on LGBT rights exemplifies its ambiguous position vis-à-vis Europe; while asserting a European identity and favoring EU membership, the government rejects some the EU’s core values. Overall, this thesis argues that the politicization of LGBT rights can be both beneficial and harmful for LGBT people. The danger of politicization though, is that LGBT rights could be used to further political ends rather than being primarily concerned with the well-being of those people.Show less
