This research hypothesized that using video evidence with audio, compared to without audio, would lead to a higher estimated likelihood of guilt and more final judgments of guilt. Furthermore, this...Show moreThis research hypothesized that using video evidence with audio, compared to without audio, would lead to a higher estimated likelihood of guilt and more final judgments of guilt. Furthermore, this research hypothesized that a written bias warning could help reduce a possible bias. These hypotheses were tested in four groups, with either video evidence with audio or without audio and either a bias warning or no bias warning. The participants were asked to fill in an online survey. Mixed evidence was found for the estimated likelihood of guilt and final judgments of guilt when comparing video evidence with audio to without audio. In addition, no evidence was found for an existing bias. It was also hypothesized that video evidence with audio would lead to a higher feeling of presence and vividness, compared to without audio. Video evidence with audio led to a higher feeling of presence, compared to video evidence without audio. No evidence was found for vividness. Limitations and implications of this research will be discussed.Show less
In this research paper, it was investigated whether there is a positive relationship between financial scarcity and alcohol consumption, and whether this relationship could be explained by mental...Show moreIn this research paper, it was investigated whether there is a positive relationship between financial scarcity and alcohol consumption, and whether this relationship could be explained by mental health, as was proposed by the affect regulation model. This would suggest that alcohol consumption could have been consulted as a coping strategy to reduce negative affect. To test this idea, a mediation analysis was conducted, which suggested that the positive relationship between financial scarcity and alcohol consumption could be explained by the consideration of mental health problems. The results for the mediation analysis have shown that there is a significant positive association between financial scarcity and mental health. However, the relationship between mental health and alcohol consumption was not significant, which resulted in the mediation effects being nonsignificant. The relationship between financial scarcity and alcohol consumption was significant in the situation where mental health was not considered as in the situation where mental health was considered. However, in both cases, the relationship between financial scarcity and alcohol consumption appeared to be negative, which suggested that higher levels of financial scarcity were associated with lower amounts in alcohol consumption. To explain this negative association between financial scarcity and alcohol consumption and the absence of the mediation effects of mental health, further research on possible hidden variables has to be conducted.Show less
The Family Stress Theory asserts that financial strain leads to a lower family relationship quality through the mediating role of mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has put a toll on...Show moreThe Family Stress Theory asserts that financial strain leads to a lower family relationship quality through the mediating role of mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has put a toll on societies and economies worldwide, causing many people to lose their incomes and cases of domestic violence to rise. In the present study we investigated the Family Stress Theory in the context of COVID-19 in order to have the necessary knowledge to counter negative consequences such as the increased physical child abuse during the pandemic. We wanted to know whether financial strain increased between the baseline average level of financial strain during the pre-pandemic years 2017-2019 and the post-pandemic onset months of the year 2020. Furthermore, we investigated whether a pre- to post-pandemic onset change in financial strain was associated with a pre- to post-pandemic onset change in family relationship quality and whether a change of mental health problems during the same timeframe mediated this relationship. We took data from 321 Dutch participants living in a household with a partner and at least one child from the nationally representative LISS panel. Results showed that financial strain was higher before than after the COVID-19 onset in the Netherlands. Furthermore, while the pre- to post-pandemic onset change in financial strain was negatively associated with a pre- to post-pandemic onset change in family relationship quality, this relationship was not mediated by a change of mental health problems during the same timeframe. Controlling for marital status had no effect. Although findings only partly support the Family Stress Theory in the context of COVID-19, insights are valuable because they give practical implications for governments and institutions that help preventing extreme cases of domestic violence such as paying increased attention to symptoms of distress.Show less
Eating while being distracted (inattentive eating) increases the amount of snacking after the meal. This increased snacking can have negative health consequences. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic,...Show moreEating while being distracted (inattentive eating) increases the amount of snacking after the meal. This increased snacking can have negative health consequences. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, snacking has increased. Another thing that has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic is the amount of people who are teleworking. While research on teleworking shows mixed results, several studies showed that teleworkers snack more and take less breaks than people who work on location. This study analyzes if there is a relationship between inattentive eating and teleworking. The data was collected by sending out an online questionnaire to people who worked from home or on location. Analyses were done to examine whether the two work locations differed on amount of lunch breaks, amount of attention for the food while eating, types of distractions and snacking behavior. The results showed that teleworkers take more breaks and pay more attention to their food while eating. Teleworkers were more engaged in distractions that decreased stress and thus also cognitive load. People who worked on location spent more time on their computer while eating. This is an activity with high cognitive load and related to more snacking in the afternoon. However, when controlling for interacting with a computer device, teleworkers did snack more. Overall, teleworking is not related to more inattentive eating, but is related to more snacking. So, the sudden increase of teleworking due to the COVID-19 pandemic has one positive side to it, as it is associated with less inattentive eating.Show less
This study examines whether green advertisements clickability is influenced by the type of green marketing communication messages displayed on the advertisement, and whether this effect is...Show moreThis study examines whether green advertisements clickability is influenced by the type of green marketing communication messages displayed on the advertisement, and whether this effect is moderated by consumers’ level of environmental involvement. A sample of N = 128.830 consumers was exposed to four types of green advertisements for sustainable vegetables: one promoting a personal benefit of purchasing the product, one promoting an environmental benefit, an advertisement that combined both the emotional and functional strategies, and one typical advertisement for the product. The findings reveal that consumers’ level of environmental involvement moderate the effects of functional and emotional appeals. Consumers with higher levels of environmental involvement showed clicked more often compared to low environmentally involved consumers on the functional appeal advertisement. Highly environmentally involved consumers also click more frequently on a functional appeal advertisement, compared to an emotional or combined appeal advertisement. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.Show less
To help finding solutions to the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity, this field study examined the human tendency to approach food and its relation to BMI. Using a newly developed...Show moreTo help finding solutions to the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity, this field study examined the human tendency to approach food and its relation to BMI. Using a newly developed behavioral measurement method, food approach tendencies of 89 participants were assessed in states of hunger and satiation. Just as earlier lab studies, our results showed that people had approach tendencies to food. As expected, we also showed that participants with a high BMI had stronger food approach tendencies than participants with a low BMI. However, this study failed to confirm the expectation that the increased tendencies for people with a high BMI were more pronounced in states of satiation than in states of hunger. This failure could be attributed to (a) the fact that participants’ BMI did not vary enough, (b) the general disadvantages of our chosen statistical analysis, (c) contextual factors that we could not control for, or (d) the non-optimal exploitation of hunger state effects. Suggestions for future research are given.Show less
