This thesis examines the role of agricultural ecosystem services in early modern German woodlands, focusing on Hans Carl von Carlowitz's Sylvicultura oeconomica. It contextualizes historical...Show moreThis thesis examines the role of agricultural ecosystem services in early modern German woodlands, focusing on Hans Carl von Carlowitz's Sylvicultura oeconomica. It contextualizes historical concerns about timber shortages, paralleling Malthusian fears of food scarcity. The historiography of woodland management is reviewed, showing how increasing demand and perceived scarcity led to changes in forest governance and practices. Chapter one explores how agricultural services like grazing and woodland farming coexisted with timber production in the Holy Roman Empire. Chapter two examines Carlowitz's sustainable yield forestry approach, highlighting its dual focus on timber and agriculture. However, it also shows how prioritizing timber marginalized traditional agricultural uses of woodlands. The conclusion discusses the impact of intensified timber production and land privatization on traditional woodland agriculture, offering insights into the early modern forestry practices and their legacy.Show less