Tijdens Reconstruction, de periode volgend op de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog, is in het Amerikaanse Zuiden geweld door blanke Democraten tegen Afro-Amerikaanse en blanke Republikeinen en hun bestuur,...Show moreTijdens Reconstruction, de periode volgend op de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog, is in het Amerikaanse Zuiden geweld door blanke Democraten tegen Afro-Amerikaanse en blanke Republikeinen en hun bestuur, schering en inslag. Democratische kranten verdedigen dit geweld tegenover het Noorden. Dit eindwerkstuk analyseert de door kranten uit Louisiana gebruikte argumenten voor het verdedigen van drie grote gewelddadige gebeurtenissen (Colfax massacre, Coushatta massacre, Battle of Liberty Place) en vergelijkt deze met verslaggeving in het Noorden, om na te gaan welke argumenten aansluiting vinden bij de publieke opinie aldaar of deze zelfs beïnvloeden.Show less
The thesis reevaluates racial impact of free jazz, which represented a musical reflection on the racial politics of the 1950s and the 1960s, by judging its political contributions in comparison to...Show moreThe thesis reevaluates racial impact of free jazz, which represented a musical reflection on the racial politics of the 1950s and the 1960s, by judging its political contributions in comparison to the so-called Old Guard, a group of jazz experimental artists predominantly active in the 1950s, namely Charles Mingus, Max Roach, and Sonny Rollins, who were also significantly involved in the racial politics. The thesis establishes that despite a lack of popularity among critics and scholars, the Old Guard was equally politically active as free jazz, if not even more so, even though both movements portrayed their contributions differently. The Old Guard remained direct and conformational, in contrast to free jazz, who pursued more indirect and pragmatic attitude when addressing and dealing with the politics of race, as a distinct set of social, economical, and musicological, motivations at the turn of the 1960s caused free jazz to change its approach.Show less
Kunnen geweld en geweldloosheid in een burgerrechtenbeweging naast en met elkaar opereren in een strijd om gelijkheid en vrijheid? Kan het één het ander aanvullen of accepteren als aanvulling...Show moreKunnen geweld en geweldloosheid in een burgerrechtenbeweging naast en met elkaar opereren in een strijd om gelijkheid en vrijheid? Kan het één het ander aanvullen of accepteren als aanvulling zonder zichzelf of juist de ander schade toe te brengen? In deze thesis worden dit soort vragen door middel van een analyse van het leven van burgerrechtenactivist Robert F. Williams onderzocht. Bovenstaande vragen leidden tot de volgende hoofdvraag in deze thesis: “In hoeverre waren de strategie en de methoden die werden bepleit en gebruikt door Robert Franklin Williams verenigbaar met de idealen, methoden en strategie van de geweldloze Afro-Amerikaanse burgerrechtenbeweging?”Show less
A black American named Joe Louis fought a white German named Max Schmeling in the 1930s, how did the American public respond to this fight? Did they hope for a victory by Louis, who was an American...Show moreA black American named Joe Louis fought a white German named Max Schmeling in the 1930s, how did the American public respond to this fight? Did they hope for a victory by Louis, who was an American, or did they hope for a victory by Schmeling, who was white. Research has been conducted by researching around 880 articles extracted from 65 newspapers. by doing so this thesis gives a view of the public opinion on the fight per state, area and in the end for the entire U.S.A. This thesis also looks at what was mentioned more in newspaper articles regarding this fight: Nationalism or Racism.Show less
The main focus of this thesis is how children’s books were used as a tool within the Black Power Movement to overcome the cultural deficit. After examining the state of children’s literature prior...Show moreThe main focus of this thesis is how children’s books were used as a tool within the Black Power Movement to overcome the cultural deficit. After examining the state of children’s literature prior to the movement the Black Power Era’s influence on children’s literature is addressed. The children’s books written by Julius Lester To Be a Slave (1968) and Black Folk Tales (1969) are then the key texts with which to examine how children’s books reflected the cultural changes that were developed during the Movement. The books provide a more nuanced and less overtly political view of black identity that is aimed at children. In conjunction with other materials, such as Ebony Jr., I demonstrate that the Black Power Movement enabled the production of various media such as magazines and children’s books that were not as extreme as the vision of Amiri Baraka’s view of the Black Arts Movement but nevertheless important in the struggle against the cultural deficit. Though these images and texts are less recognizable they were part of an effort that built on work prior to the Civil Rights movement but struggled in the shadow of the militaristic and provocative cultural expressions of the Black Power movement.Show less
During the Reagan era, drug policy was altered forever and its effects touched American politics, law enforcement, justice systems, education, and even American culture. During the 1980s, arguably...Show moreDuring the Reagan era, drug policy was altered forever and its effects touched American politics, law enforcement, justice systems, education, and even American culture. During the 1980s, arguably the largest shift in American political attitude took place, partly stemming from public fear of drug crimes. This thesis focuses on the Reagan Administration's War on Drugs. It will outline the motivations behind launching the War on Drugs, how the policies were implemented and the outcomes of the War.Show less
Dit onderzoek ging over het geweld en de intimidatie van de Democratische partij ten opzichte van de Afro-Amerikanen en de Republikeinen in de Reconstructieperiode. De stelling van dit werkstuk is...Show moreDit onderzoek ging over het geweld en de intimidatie van de Democratische partij ten opzichte van de Afro-Amerikanen en de Republikeinen in de Reconstructieperiode. De stelling van dit werkstuk is dat vanaf 1868 de Reconstructie gedoemd was om te mislukken.Show less
This thesis has conducted an analysis of economic policy by the Harding administration during the 1920-1921 depression. Free market economists have pointed to this episode in American history as...Show moreThis thesis has conducted an analysis of economic policy by the Harding administration during the 1920-1921 depression. Free market economists have pointed to this episode in American history as proof of the beneficial effects of laissez-faire fiscal and monetary policy during economic crises. This thesis has examined whether federal fiscal and monetary policy was in fact laissez-faire and what impact this had on economic recovery. First of all, trade policy was protectionist, though the Emergency Tariff was found to be too insignificant to impact the conclusions of this study. Taxation policy was decidedly laissez-faire as there were significant reductions in income-tax rates, the end of the Excess Profits tax and multiple smaller regressive taxes were lowered or scrapped. This thesis has found that taxation measures positively impacted economic recovery indirectly through the phenomenon of ‘regime certainty’. Furthermore, federal government spending was reduced substantially without negatively impacting economic growth. Government policy on wages, prices and unemployment was decidedly non-interventionist, resulting in substantially lower wages and prices. Finally, the Federal Reserve refrained from implementing any significant monetary stimulus, both through discount rate lowering or open market operations and the money supply decreased strongly throughout the crisis and economic recovery.Show less
