This thesis at one level examines how and why were the European doctors as ‘outsiders’ able to make an impression on the aristocratic elites in the Mughal court? And at another level, it...Show moreThis thesis at one level examines how and why were the European doctors as ‘outsiders’ able to make an impression on the aristocratic elites in the Mughal court? And at another level, it investigates the direct relationship between cross-cultural medical favors and the advantages doctors gained by offering their services. Did such intercessions by doctors’ yield only the much-desired trade concessions like farmans to the trading companies in which these medical men were employed and represented as ambassadors in the courts or something more especially in terms of monetary gains such as money, an enviable position at the court or other benefits?Show less
This paper reconstructs the course of events during a hitherto little known dispute between the VOC and the court of Siam (Ayutthaya) between 1741-1747. The paper explores various themes, among...Show moreThis paper reconstructs the course of events during a hitherto little known dispute between the VOC and the court of Siam (Ayutthaya) between 1741-1747. The paper explores various themes, among them cultural incommensurability and early modern 'corruption'. The hidden political life of the Siamese court is uncovered as the various officials and intermediaries involved appear to conduct their own businesses behind the back of the much glorified 'absolute' king Borommakot. At the same time, the envoys of the VOC appear to be conducting private business. Ultimately, this paper provides insights in the nature of Siamese political culture during the 'golden age' of Ayutthaya, based on evidence gained from Dutch sources.Show less
What made the collaboration between the Chinese and the Europeans in the early colonial Maluku Islands different from the well-known cases in Manila and in Batavia? I think the answer lies in the...Show moreWhat made the collaboration between the Chinese and the Europeans in the early colonial Maluku Islands different from the well-known cases in Manila and in Batavia? I think the answer lies in the nature of Dutch policy in Maluku, monopoly, and the character of Chinese trade in Maluku, arbitrage, as well as their special relationship: strange monopoly vis-à-vis elusive arbitrage. By reading both Dutch and Chinese sources, I argue that, before Coen became the Governor-General of the VOC in 1618, Chinese traders, like many other Asian traders, made arbitrage between different counterparties in the world of Maluku, such as the Dutch, the Spaniards, and the local rulers, because their rivalry distorted commodities prices in local and global markets. After Coen became the Governor-General, he initially tried to expel all of Asian traders from the Maluku Islands, but, as this policy turned out to be impractical, he chose to leave the Chinese as “regulated arbitrageurs” to replace other “unregulated arbitrageurs” in order to maintain his strange monopoly policy.Show less
