To the modern observer there seems to have been quite a large grey area between private and public warfare in the late middle-ages. It is often quite hard to distinguish between violence committed...Show moreTo the modern observer there seems to have been quite a large grey area between private and public warfare in the late middle-ages. It is often quite hard to distinguish between violence committed in name of a public authority and violence on a private title. This thesis uses a case-study of a violent conflict in the border region between Holland and the Sticht (Utrecht) ca. 1420, to explore if it is possible and useful to distinguish between the private and public elements in late medieval warfare. A large number of the border lords where able to wage war under their own banner for their own goals, and without guidance or direction of the central authority. Based on my findings I argue that private and public forms of warfare went hand in hand in the late middle-ages. Princes where more interested in channelling this violence towards their opponents, than in establishing a monopoly on violence.Show less
The development of the Lords of the Welsh Marches and their influence of English politics in the period 1258-1330. The influence of these lords is followed through the parliamentary reforms of the...Show moreThe development of the Lords of the Welsh Marches and their influence of English politics in the period 1258-1330. The influence of these lords is followed through the parliamentary reforms of the 1260s, the Welsh wars of the 1270s and 1280s and the tyrannical rule of Edward II. The power of a group of nobles living on the frontier of a medieval kingdom was significant, and once these lordships were no longer on a frontier, their power began to decline.Show less
Centraal in deze studie staat 'De consideratione quintae essentiae omnium rerum' van Johannes de Rupescissa (1310-1366), een tekst die volgens wetenschapshistorici aan de basis staat van de...Show moreCentraal in deze studie staat 'De consideratione quintae essentiae omnium rerum' van Johannes de Rupescissa (1310-1366), een tekst die volgens wetenschapshistorici aan de basis staat van de vroegmoderne medische chemie. Het onderzoek richt zich op de inhoud, de herkomst en de invloed van deze tekst. De analyse vindt plaats aan de hand van een Middelnederlandse vertaling.Show less
This thesis treats the complex relationship between the Byzantine state, represented by the Byzantine Emperor and his bureaucracy, and the Dynatoi, aristocratic elements within Byzantine society....Show moreThis thesis treats the complex relationship between the Byzantine state, represented by the Byzantine Emperor and his bureaucracy, and the Dynatoi, aristocratic elements within Byzantine society. The crucial years 850 ~ 1050 are treated.Show less
This research investigates the diversity between the foundation period of leper houses in Holland and regions around Holland. The field of investigation are the surrounding areas England, central...Show moreThis research investigates the diversity between the foundation period of leper houses in Holland and regions around Holland. The field of investigation are the surrounding areas England, central and north French kingdom, Flanders, Brabant, the Rhine valley, gelre and Friesland. The leper houses of Holland are mostly founded after the great plague of the mid 1400’s, while the leprosaria of surrounding areas where in general founded in the 12th and 13th century. This diversity can be explained by the differences in the circumstances of these foundations. The early European leper houses are founded by the local nobility. They felt responsible for the wellbeing of the local community and felt an urge to found a leper house by religious motivations. These foundations of houses occurred in a period where a lot of houses of charity where founded by religious motives: hospitals, alms houses, orphanages, abbeys, and cloisters. The late European foundations, centred in north-west Europe, can be explained by the state of urbanisation of these counties. In growing cities in Holland arose an urban elite, consisting of wealthy merchants and craftsmen. These patricians controlled the daily life of the city. To form a Christian city solidarity and urban mentality in their city, it was important to ‘organize’ the city, construct a form of socials control, and manage the intern population. By this motivation, the new elite founded leper houses to control and maintain a strict border between the sick and the healthy, the poor and the wealthy.Show less
