In 1567 the duke of Alva set up the infamous Counsil of Troubles. The job of this extraordinary judicial counsil was to punish the main actors that had caused so much trouble for the Habsburg...Show moreIn 1567 the duke of Alva set up the infamous Counsil of Troubles. The job of this extraordinary judicial counsil was to punish the main actors that had caused so much trouble for the Habsburg regime during the 'Wonderjaar', the year 1566-1567 when an iconoclastic fury spread in the Netherlands. There is still very little known about the ways of the Counsil of Troubles, despite the fact that there is an abandunt of eyewitness testimonies preserverd, ready to be studied. This thesis is a first attempt to do this. It is done for the city Zaltbommel in Guelders. In Zaltbommel there was no fury, but a religieus accord was struck at 23 oktober 1566, explicitly against the wishes of the then governor Margaretha van Parma. Three persons were executed by the Counsil of Troubles, and at least thirty-six were banished. What was the method of the commissioners of Alba, who where sent to investigate and punish? With whom did they talk? And how much help did they receive from the inhabitants of Zaltbommel and its city council?Show less
Papuans, a designation to inhabitants of New Guinea, show up numerous time throughout history as slaves. This lead to the designation of New Guinea as 'victim societies'. But what does that mean?...Show morePapuans, a designation to inhabitants of New Guinea, show up numerous time throughout history as slaves. This lead to the designation of New Guinea as 'victim societies'. But what does that mean? And how did slavery contribute to the experience of living in New Guinea? In this thesis I answer these questions by looking at the historical pattern that enabled Papuan enslavement,looking at the societies with a history of entanglement with slavery and furthermore noting the strategies Papuans developed to deal with the historical pattern affecting them.Show less
The present study attempts to bring together the Mediterranean and the Dutch news communities by examining Mediterranean news in the Dutch press through Abraham Casteleyn's "Haarlemse Courant" in...Show moreThe present study attempts to bring together the Mediterranean and the Dutch news communities by examining Mediterranean news in the Dutch press through Abraham Casteleyn's "Haarlemse Courant" in the decade 1660-1669. Its main argument is that Mediterranean news suited the needs of seventeenth-century news publishers in an exceptional way: "longue durée" Mediterranean realities such as corsair activity along the North African Coast provided a seemingly never-ending flow of news stories which helped to nourish the nascent "periodicity" of the early modern publishing business.Show less
In deze masterscriptie wordt onderzocht hoe Nederlands West-Indië door een invloedrijke laag van de Nederlandse samenleving werd gezien en welke invloed dit beeld had op het Nederlandse nationaal...Show moreIn deze masterscriptie wordt onderzocht hoe Nederlands West-Indië door een invloedrijke laag van de Nederlandse samenleving werd gezien en welke invloed dit beeld had op het Nederlandse nationaal bewustzijn van deze groep in de periode van 1865 tot 1920. Met deze invloedrijke laag van de samenleving wordt zowel de Nederlandse regering en het parlement bedoeld als de Nederlandse elite die via particuliere initiatieven de verkoop van West-Indië probeerde tegen te houden of het belang van Nederlands West-Indië verdedigden. De discussie of West-Indië wel of niet verkocht moest worden, werd sinds 1865 in de Nederlandse regering en het parlement gevoerd. Na 1900 werd de verkoopkwestie niet meer door ministers en Kamerleden besproken, maar door hoogopgeleide mannen die werkervaring hadden opgedaan in de West-Indische koloniën. De focus ligt in deze scriptie op het eerste kwart van de twintigste eeuw toen de discussie omtrent de verkoop van West-Indië door deze hoogopgeleide groep mannen werd gevoerd. Aan de hand van de argumenten die in de verkoopkwestie over West-Indië naar voren werden gebracht, zal duidelijk worden hoe een Nederlandse elite in Nederland toentertijd de Nederlandse cultuur zag en welke rol de koloniën hierin speelden.Show less
In deze scriptie staan de bedrijfsstrategieën van Nederlandse importeurs in Indonesië ten tijde van de economische dekolonisatie centraal. Aan de hand van een casestudy naar het handelshuis...Show moreIn deze scriptie staan de bedrijfsstrategieën van Nederlandse importeurs in Indonesië ten tijde van de economische dekolonisatie centraal. Aan de hand van een casestudy naar het handelshuis Lindeteves is in kaart gebracht hoe Nederlandse importeurs omgingen met de maatregelen van de Indonesische regering in het kader van de Indonesianisasi.Show less
This thesis is about the changing view of the Dutch national parliament on state responsibility for taking care of the poor during the second half of the nineteenth century. The state, in this...Show moreThis thesis is about the changing view of the Dutch national parliament on state responsibility for taking care of the poor during the second half of the nineteenth century. The state, in this context, is understood as the national and local governments plus the public institutions. The thesis compares the debates about poor relief that took place in the Second Chamber, the Dutch lower house, in the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Poor Laws that were passed in parliament after these debates, in 1854 and 1912, were based on a similar ‘subsidiarity’ principle, with ecclesiastical and private organizations playing the primary, and public organizations a subsidiary, role in the relief of the poor. These laws could give the impression that the national parliament, though it had become more interventionist in other areas, had not really changed its view on state responsibility for taking care of the poor during the second half of the nineteenth century. This thesis shows that this impression is not correct. Though the actual laws did not differ that much, the debates in the parliament certainly did. The central question that this thesis answers is: how did the Dutch national parliament’s view on taking care of the poor change during the second half of the nineteenth century? The historiography about the poor and social policies in the nineteenth-century Netherlands shows that this thesis, by specifically focusing on the debates in the Dutch national parliament in the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, will produce new knowledge on how the parliamentary view on state responsibility for taking care of the poor changed during the second half of the nineteenth century. Also, by comparing the two debates, the thesis gives an example of how nineteenth-century developments can be linked to the emergence of social policies in the twentieth century. Furthermore, the topic of this thesis can be of interest for those who are interested in the current debate about welfare state reform and retrenchment. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter demonstrates how debate about a growing role of the state in the poor relief started already towards the end of the eighteenth century and explains what the Dutch nineteenth-century poor relief looked like. The second chapter gives a description of the mid-nineteenth-century debate. It first explains the political situation in the national parliament in which liberals and anti-revolutionaries were the important groups. Then it describes the different opinions in the debate. It shows that the debate did not focus on the question of whether relief should be given or not but on the question what the desirable role of the state was in the provision of poor relief. The majority in parliament followed Minister Van Reenen in his view that supporting the poor was in essence not a task of the state but a moral and religious duty and thus should preferably be left to society. For the moment, however, state interference had become indispensible and had to be taken into account in the law. In the Poor Law that was passed after the debate in 1854, the primary responsibility for poor relief was left to religious and private organizations. The state, however, had obtained the legal right to receive information about who these organizations were supporting. The third chapter explains how the Dutch government reformed the Poor Law in 1870 with regard to which municipality had to pay for public poor relief for people who had migrated. In an attempt to reverse the growth in public poor relief, the government decided that the municipality where people lived, rather than the municipality where people came from, had to cover the costs of public support given to migrants. Chapter 3 also addresses the changing political landscape, with the start of party politics and the emergence of the pillarized society, during the second half of the nineteenth century. New groups became politically active and became directly represented in the national parliament by members of newly founded mass political parties. The fourth chapter covers the Poor Law debate of the early twentieth century. The chapter explains that all the different speakers in the debate were in favour of a new Poor Law. However, while liberals and socialists were in favour of a more prominent role for the public poor relief organizations and hinted at financial support from the national state, the confessional parties remained faithful to the principle of confining public poor relief organizations to a subsidiary role. Also the confessional members, however, agreed on the necessity of having public poor relief organizations working alongside the religious and private ones. The fifth chapter compares the two Dutch debates and has a brief look at the poor relief situation in other countries. The international comparison supports the idea that the Dutch poor relief situation was quite unique. The comparison between the Dutch debates brings to the fore that the parliament’s view on poor relief had certainly changed during the second half of the nineteenth century. The continuing existence of public poor relief had been accepted, the national parliament had become the logical place to debate poor relief and there had even been talk about financial contribution from the national level.Show less
The Islamic pilgrimage, the Hajj, is known as one of the biggest movement of people in the world. This annual event has long become the meeting point of Muslims from various places. In the late...Show moreThe Islamic pilgrimage, the Hajj, is known as one of the biggest movement of people in the world. This annual event has long become the meeting point of Muslims from various places. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the face of hajj changed significantly due to the advance in technology, opening of transportation routes and involvement of colonial government in conducting the hajj. The number of hajj participants from the Dutch East Indies, which were also known as the haji jawa increased greatly, including the female pilgrims, which made up 20-30% of the total pilgrims from the region. This thesis puts gender and colonial perspective together to study the female pilgrims and hajjah from the Dutch East Indies in comparison to the male counterparts. This thesis addresses the issue of how the Dutch colonial government perceived the female pilgrims and hajjah from the Dutch East Indies, such as what kind of themes appeared in the depiction of female pilgrims in the archives, where and when the female pilgrims were mentioned or not mentioned and why, and how it eventually relates to the production of knowledge about it. Contrary to the popular beliefs that the pilgrims were all male, there were many female pilgrims and many of them stayed in Mecca as moekimers. Women were mainly depicted as wife and companion, and victim of violence and slavery. They were underplayed in the archives and had never been under the spotlight in comparison to male pilgrims which were regarded as very important due to the possibility of being subversive and rebellious. The downplayed depiction of female pilgrims in the archives is continued until today in the historiography of hajj.Show less
While Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509) has often been portrayed as a religious woman, as the mother of King Henry VII of England and as a figure with political influence, the crucial network she...Show moreWhile Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509) has often been portrayed as a religious woman, as the mother of King Henry VII of England and as a figure with political influence, the crucial network she surrounded herself with is rarely touched upon. This thesis proposes to bring light to the influence that these networks of kinship and patronage had on the formation and preservation of the then brand-new Tudor rulership. Using the primary source material, we can examine these relationships and their influence as well as the impact of female agency on Margaret Beaufort’s abilities to establish and maintain these networks. Unraveling the role of Margaret Beaufort and her networks will lead to a better understanding of the formation and maintenance of Tudor rulership and a deeper knowledge of how female networks of power functioned.Show less
Inquiry into the German part of the Holy Roman Empire through the eyes of an Italian humanist, Enea Silvio Piccolomini. Two of Piccolomini's writings are considered, the 'Pentalogus' (written at...Show moreInquiry into the German part of the Holy Roman Empire through the eyes of an Italian humanist, Enea Silvio Piccolomini. Two of Piccolomini's writings are considered, the 'Pentalogus' (written at the court of German King Frederick III) and the 'Germania' (written shortly before Piccolomini was elected pope). The writings reflect the struggles of the German King/Emperor to strengthen his power over the Holy Roman Empire, both in military and ecclesiastical matters. More broadly, they offer the reader a highly personal account of the major events in fifteenth-century Europe, such as the fall of Constantinople and the Church's attempts to unite all of Christendom during the Conciliar Movement.Show less
This paper tries to explore how contract enforcement was handled in the cross-religious environment of late medieval Christian Valencia, Muslim Granada and North Africa, given the fact that each...Show moreThis paper tries to explore how contract enforcement was handled in the cross-religious environment of late medieval Christian Valencia, Muslim Granada and North Africa, given the fact that each religious community has usually been assumed to apply their own set of rules through their own community courts. By following the merchants of Valencia (incidentally also of Mallorca), whether Christian, Muslim or Jewish, we find instead a more complex scenario in which both Christian consulates and Muslim Royal courts played a crucial role by adapting their proceedings to the requirements of cross-religious trade. We explode also the role of institutions in supporting the expansion of commerce in early fifteenth century Valencia.Show less
This thesis tackles the position taken by the jewish Board of Deputies in South Africa vis-a-vis apartheid. Using the theoretical framework developed by Peter Medding this thesis seeks to position...Show moreThis thesis tackles the position taken by the jewish Board of Deputies in South Africa vis-a-vis apartheid. Using the theoretical framework developed by Peter Medding this thesis seeks to position,contextualise and understand the SAJBD actions.Show less
Onderzoek naar de in 1699 door de Inquisitie van Cartagena tegen de Jood Philipe Henriquez aangespannen rechtszaak. Er wordt gekeken naar de voorgeschiedenis, culturele aspecten, de factor handel...Show moreOnderzoek naar de in 1699 door de Inquisitie van Cartagena tegen de Jood Philipe Henriquez aangespannen rechtszaak. Er wordt gekeken naar de voorgeschiedenis, culturele aspecten, de factor handel en de bredere context.Show less
Deze master thesis onderzoekt aan de hand van het sociologische concept 'framing' de beeldvorming van het Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsstreven tussen 1926-1936 die de Communistische Partij...Show moreDeze master thesis onderzoekt aan de hand van het sociologische concept 'framing' de beeldvorming van het Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsstreven tussen 1926-1936 die de Communistische Partij Holland (CPH) weergaf in haar partijorgaan 'De Tribune'. Enkele belangrijke gebeurtenissen van het Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsstreven in deze periode zijn de PKI-opstanden van 1926-1927 en de muiterij op de Zeven Provinciën in 1933. Er wordt onderzocht hoe de CPH het beeld vormde om haar doelgroep, de Nederlandse arbeiders, over te halen zich aan te sluiten bij haar strijd in solidariteit met de Indonesiërs.Show less
This thesis describes the role of the principles of self-determination and sovereignty in the Security Council debates about the Indonesian dispute in 1945-1950.
Waarom vroegen Iraanse vluchtelingen asiel aan in Nederland? In deze thesis is over de periode 1981-1997 in kaart gebracht welke factoren van invloed waren op de keuze voor Nederland. Veel Iraniërs...Show moreWaarom vroegen Iraanse vluchtelingen asiel aan in Nederland? In deze thesis is over de periode 1981-1997 in kaart gebracht welke factoren van invloed waren op de keuze voor Nederland. Veel Iraniërs wilden niet in Nederland asiel aanvragen maar kwamen door onvoorziene gebeurtenissen tijdens hun vlucht toch in Nederland terecht.Show less
