Dit onderzoek analyseert in welke mate de totstandkoming van Estlands onafhankelijkheid in 1991 van buitenaf is beïnvloed. Aangetoond wordt dat zowel vanuit de Verenigde Staten als vanuit West...Show moreDit onderzoek analyseert in welke mate de totstandkoming van Estlands onafhankelijkheid in 1991 van buitenaf is beïnvloed. Aangetoond wordt dat zowel vanuit de Verenigde Staten als vanuit West-Europa invloeden werden uitgeoefend die de onafhankelijkheid bespoedigden. Dit werpt een nieuw perspectief op de doorgaans nationalistische historiografie over Estlands onafhankelijkheidsbeweging.Show less
Willoughby Dickinson was a Liberal MP who played an active role in the campaign for women's suffrage. He tabled the first bill of the 1906 parliament in favour of it, which he reintroduced every...Show moreWilloughby Dickinson was a Liberal MP who played an active role in the campaign for women's suffrage. He tabled the first bill of the 1906 parliament in favour of it, which he reintroduced every year until 1914. He was a founding member of the Men's League for Women's Suffrage, and was the chair of the Liberal party's own pro-suffrage group. Dickinson worked closely with the NUWSS and this paper is an exposition of his contribution to the movement's ultimate success.Show less
The Irish rebellion of 1798 is pivotal in Irish history. The ideas of the French Revolution contributed greatly to the development of Irish republicanism in the 1790s, when the United Irishmen...Show moreThe Irish rebellion of 1798 is pivotal in Irish history. The ideas of the French Revolution contributed greatly to the development of Irish republicanism in the 1790s, when the United Irishmen began their struggle for an independent, republican Ireland. But the French also contributed in practical manner, by providing military aid in the form of two expeditions to Ireland in 1796 and 1798. This thesis analyses why the French Directory, the executive power during this period, decided to support the Irish, and if it fits within the framework of sister republics. The findings of the thesis suggest that the rhetoric the Directory used to justify the first expedition combined Republican ideals, such as liberating the Irish people from oppression and establishing a republican system of government, with war-strategic arguments such as using Ireland as a weapon to defeat France’s great enemy, England. However, the plan to use a guerrilla-warfare strategy, a chouannerie, in Ireland, with the aim to cause chaos and civil war, shows that Republican ideals were ultimately not the priority for the promoters of the Irish expedition, Carnot and Hoche. Before the second expedition, the political circumstances were very disadvantageous to the Irish cause, and the only way the French would help Ireland again was when they were to rise on their own. When this ultimately happened, the idea of an Irish revolution was enough to justify another expedition, and the Directory reached back to the rhetoric of the 1796 expedition. Moreover, the establishment of the Republic of Connacht shows that there was an attempt to establish a republican system, and the republican rhetoric was thus not uttered in vain. A successful invasion of Ireland might thus have led to an Irish sister-republic; however, the prominence of French interests in the event of an Irish revolution, the focus on English defeat and the chouannerie strategy show that the promotion of Republican ideals was not priority for the Directory.Show less
This thesis looks into the left movement of Germany between 1970 - 1972 and its response to left radical violence and the counter actions of the police. By using five different newspapers from the...Show moreThis thesis looks into the left movement of Germany between 1970 - 1972 and its response to left radical violence and the counter actions of the police. By using five different newspapers from the German left, namely Vorwärts, Konkret, Rote presse korrespondenze, Rote Fahne, Roter Morgen and Agit 883, this thesis tries to show the different responses and developments within the German left movement. After a short history of the development of Germany and the German left protest movement, after World War II untill 1970, this thesis will first show how the discourse within the left movement was influenced by the radicalisation of parts of the left movement. After that it will show the influence of the actions by the government and police, to counter left radical violence, on the discourse within the German left movement.Show less
