Dit onderzoek is begonnen met de vraag hoe Pir Sultan Abdal wordt afgebeeld in een van de weinige producties dat specifiek gaat over zijn levensverhaal, namelijk de film van Remzi Jöntürk en het...Show moreDit onderzoek is begonnen met de vraag hoe Pir Sultan Abdal wordt afgebeeld in een van de weinige producties dat specifiek gaat over zijn levensverhaal, namelijk de film van Remzi Jöntürk en het toneelstuk van Erol Toy. De alevitische gemeenschap is er een die niet met een enkele definitie of theorie uit te leggen is, waardoor de nieuwsgierigheid naar deze gemeenschap toenam. Om de onderzoeksvraag te beantwoorden, is er eerst gedoken in de alevitische identiteit in de 20ste eeuw van Turkije. Daarna is Pir Sultan Abdal en zijn plek in de alevitische gemeenschap in de 20ste eeuw geanalyseerd. Vervolgens zijn de film en het toneelstuk met een kwalitatieve inhoudsanalyse geanalyseerd.Show less
Protests flared up in Iran in November 2019. The sheer amount of people reminded me of the protests a decade earlier surrounding the 2009 presidential elections. Back then, the so-called Twitter...Show moreProtests flared up in Iran in November 2019. The sheer amount of people reminded me of the protests a decade earlier surrounding the 2009 presidential elections. Back then, the so-called Twitter Revolution was instigated when, according to many, the elections were conducted in a fraudulent manner. The emphasis had been placed on the role of Twitter in the international media caught my attention. After conducting a literature review I came up with the research question: To what extent has Twitter played a role in the mobilisation processes of the 2009 Iranian Green Movement? Both primary source Twitter data and multidisciplinary secondary sources have been consulted to try answer this question. This research has delved into the obscure world of mass mobilisation within a highly regulated public sphere. It has spent equal time analysing both sides of the debate surrounding the influence of Twitter on the Green Movement. When looking at the events surrounding the tragic death of Neda Agha-Soltan, one must conclude that Twitter has most certainly played a role in the mass-dispersion of information during the Green Movement. However, one also cannot ignore the successful suppression of the Green Movement. In short, not the outside researchers but the people of Iran themselves have the ability and knowledge to explain their efforts behind their fight against oppression.Show less
During the Iran-Iraq war, the Iranian government applied Shi’ite notions of martyrdom in order to mobilize people for the war and enhance its legitimacy. In this research, the question is analyzed...Show moreDuring the Iran-Iraq war, the Iranian government applied Shi’ite notions of martyrdom in order to mobilize people for the war and enhance its legitimacy. In this research, the question is analyzed how Persian memoirs by female authors on the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988) have reflected the Iranian cult of martyrdom. Based on the scientific realm of (critical) memory studies, this study analyses the framing of martyrdom by investigating the Persian memoirs of Zahra Hoseyni: One Woman’s War: Da. In these memoirs, Hoseyni narrates how she grew up in the Iranian city of Khorramshahr amid the detrimental events of the Iran-Iraq war and how she participates in the war as a nurse and grave worker. This study suggests that the experiences of martyrdom by Persian women in their memoires are highly determined by their female perspective. In Da, Hoseyni alludes to Zaynab (626-682), the sister of the martyred imam Hoessein (626-68), as being an authority of morality. Though male narratives about the Iran-Iraq war would call upon the martyrdom of imam Hoessein himself, female memoirs imply that they feel more acquainted with the role of Zaynab. Besides, this study suggests that Da proves itself as an emancipatory publication, in which Hoseyni steadfastly objects to the conventional gender roles within the Iranian society. By portraying Hoseyni as an independent woman during the Iran-Iraq war, Da shows that conceptions of martyrdom in female Persian war memoires coincide with challenging views of women’s roles in public society.Show less
The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has experienced a remarkable change in its fertility rates during the last four decades. In this timeframe the government shifted the population policies from pro...Show moreThe Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has experienced a remarkable change in its fertility rates during the last four decades. In this timeframe the government shifted the population policies from pro-natalist to anti-natalist in the late 1980’s and back to pro-natalist a decade ago. The fertility rate which was approximately 6.0 in 1976 rose to 7 in 1986 and then declined rapidly to less than 2.0 in 2005. The two periods in which the IRI employed pro-natalist policy and propaganda (1979-1989 and 2012-now), received only limited analysis in the academic literature. This paper examines the visual pro-natalist propaganda of the past decade and compares it with the propaganda of the formative period of IRI, by analysing and comparing the selected case-studies from each period. Using propaganda-analysis by Jowett and O’Donnell and visual semiotics as described in The SAGE handbook of visual research methods, this paper observes to what extent there is continuity and change in the depiction of families and what this reveals about the social, economic and political situation of IRI.Show less
Transseksüellik Türkiye’de hassas bir konu. Türkiye’de Bülent Ersoy gibi transseksüel olduĝu bilinen bazı sanatçılar var. Öte yandan cinsellik konusunda katı görüşler korunmakta. Mevcut İslam...Show moreTransseksüellik Türkiye’de hassas bir konu. Türkiye’de Bülent Ersoy gibi transseksüel olduĝu bilinen bazı sanatçılar var. Öte yandan cinsellik konusunda katı görüşler korunmakta. Mevcut İslam odaklı AKP geleneksel cinsiyet rollerini ve genel ahlakı ilk sıraya koyuyor. Bu transseksüellerin günlük yaşamda sıklıkla ayrımcılıkla karşılaştıĝı anlamına gelir. Günümüz Turkiyesinde, bu gurubun iş veya devlet kurumlarında düzenli bir iş bulması zor olduĝundan sonuç olarak seks işçiliĝi yapma mecburiyetinde. Mevcut literatüre dayanarak genel olarak cinsellik hakkinda cok yazıldıĝı tespit edilebilir. Türk medyasının transseksüeller hakkında nasıl yazdıĝı konusunda henüz bir araştırma yapılmaması dikkat çekicidir. Bu amaç doĝrultusunda bu çalışmada 1 ocak 2008 ve 1 ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında Cumhuriyet, Milliyet ve Yeni Şafak gazetelerinin internet sitelerinde yapılan taramada 74 habere ulasılmış ve bu haberler üzerinden analiz yapılmıstır. Anahtar kelimeler: Transseksüel, Transfobi, Nefret suçları, Eşcinsel, Travesti LGBT, Muhafazakar.Show less
This thesis aims to demonstrate that the Kurds were instrumental in defining the course of Iraq-Iran conflict. To achieve this objective, the concepts of sectarianism and nationalism are considered...Show moreThis thesis aims to demonstrate that the Kurds were instrumental in defining the course of Iraq-Iran conflict. To achieve this objective, the concepts of sectarianism and nationalism are considered in relation to the position of the Kurds in Iraq, and their cultural relationship with Iran. With this thesis I have shown that the Kurds are a good example of how sectarianism was misunderstood and reduced to being considered as a rebellion hence undermining the community’s pursuit of a national identity.Show less
This thesis aims to discuss how the contemporary movements are the result of a history of tense relations between the region, its mainly Amazigh inhabitants and the Makhzen as well as paying...Show moreThis thesis aims to discuss how the contemporary movements are the result of a history of tense relations between the region, its mainly Amazigh inhabitants and the Makhzen as well as paying attention to how protesters communicate their contention. It can be argued that the economic issues in this region also developed with identity politics and regional contention at its heart. In order to analyze this, it is essential to explore the history of the Rif in a larger context, highlighting not only incidents between Berbers and the Makhzen, but also sentiments regarding one another. A historical overview will provide the frame in which to discuss marginalisation of the region and how this is perceived by Riffians. Lastly, the issue of Riffian-Amazigh identity will be discussed through a study of protest images, including different elements of identity and contentionShow less
The phenomenon of transnationalism is seen in history for multiple decades. The magazine Azeema focusses on women of colour who have a bilateral background and are most of the time from the Middle...Show moreThe phenomenon of transnationalism is seen in history for multiple decades. The magazine Azeema focusses on women of colour who have a bilateral background and are most of the time from the Middle Eastern North Africa region (MENA-region). Azeema and a couple of other initiatives are precursors in the sense that they focus on a group of people who formerly did not see representation of themselves in the media landscape. Via interviews and online content a context description is set up which explains how the editors of the magazine found Azeema. Due to the lack of representation and the desire to present a more nuanced picture of women from the region chief editor Jameela Elfaki started the magazine.Based in London the five-headed team started writing articles and accepting guest writers for the magazine. By means of a qualitative content analysis underlying themes and patterns of data are drafted. Five returning categories are founded when analyzing the data of Azeema’s publications. Besides these categories Azeema’s visual material is also considered during this analysation. The researched showed how the five categories were all adding to a ‘new’ wave of transnationalism that come about by bottom-up organizations.Show less
The Thesis explores how developments of literature and politics are intertwined in the history of modern Iran. The short story Antari Ke Lutiyash Morde Bud by Iranian author Sadegh Chubak is...Show moreThe Thesis explores how developments of literature and politics are intertwined in the history of modern Iran. The short story Antari Ke Lutiyash Morde Bud by Iranian author Sadegh Chubak is analyzed as an aesthetic source which offers insights in Iranian political developments. The themes of freedom and imprisonment and how they relate to each other in the text are read in the context of Iran's political history.Show less
Deze scriptie poogt inzage te geven in de overeenstemmingen en verschillen wat betreft het gebruik van religieuze symboliek met betrekking tot Jeruzalem in Arabische poëzie, gedurende twee uit het...Show moreDeze scriptie poogt inzage te geven in de overeenstemmingen en verschillen wat betreft het gebruik van religieuze symboliek met betrekking tot Jeruzalem in Arabische poëzie, gedurende twee uit het oog springende periodes uit de (islamitische) geschiedenis van de stad. Deze twee periodes (1099-1187 en 1967-heden) zijn uniek doordat het de langstdurende periodes zijn waarbij Jeruzalem buiten islamitische heerschappij viel, sinds de verovering van de stad door de kalief ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb in 637. Gedurende beide periodes speelde poëzie een centrale rol in de Arabische wereld. Het diende als literair medium om uiting te geven aan het verlangen tot een herovering en terugkeer naar de stad, waarbij dichters uitvoerig gebruik maakten van religieuze symboliek om dit verlangen kracht bij te zetten. In het kort kan gesteld worden dat dichters uit beide periodes zich op grofweg dezelfde islamitische symboliek beriepen, maar dat er significante verschillen bestaan wat betreft het gebruik van niet-islamitische religieuze symboliek. Het gebruik van dergelijke veelal christelijke maar ook joodse symboliek, hing sterk af van de politieke context waarbinnen gedichten geschreven werden. Waar de ene dichter dergelijke symboliek aanhaalde om religieuze verschillen te overstijgen, gebruikte de ander niet-islamitische symboliek om een islamitisch-religieuze agenda te promoten. Ondanks deze verschillen kan zonder meer gesteld worden dat alle dichters eenzelfde liefde en verlangen uitten voor Jeruzalem.Show less
