Urban centres are among the most vulnerable geographical locations for the impacts of climate change. Strengthening the green infrastructures of these urban areas is therefore increasingly...Show moreUrban centres are among the most vulnerable geographical locations for the impacts of climate change. Strengthening the green infrastructures of these urban areas is therefore increasingly important, as this contributes to their climate resilience. For the city of Leiden, as of many other Dutch cities, public space that can be used for greening initiatives is scarce due to urbanisation processes. The private urban gardens of Leiden can provide a solution for this. Many gardens in this cities are currently ‘grey’. Understanding why would provide valuable information for its policy makers. Therefore this study explored the behavioural motives behind the gardens of Leiden and answered the question: ‘why does a garden in Leiden looks like it does’. Next to that this study also researched the relationship between perceived impact and adaptation behaviour. The data for this study was collected through an online survey in which 67 garden owners of Leiden participated. The data gave insight on the behaviour and motives of these garden owners. It showed that green in a garden is often considered important, yet most garden owners had or wanted their garden (partially) tilled. A frequent motive given for this was the functionality of tilling for the use of a garden. Furthermore the data showed a moderately positive correlation between perceived impact of a garden on climate adaptation and the amount of green in a garden. Further research should examine the predictor in this relationship.Show less
In an effort to adjust to global warming the Municipality of Leiden wants to motivate her citizens to take a green garden. Even though there are plenty of campaigns to promote green gardens, most...Show moreIn an effort to adjust to global warming the Municipality of Leiden wants to motivate her citizens to take a green garden. Even though there are plenty of campaigns to promote green gardens, most gardens in Leiden are still grey. This qualitative study examined why people have the garden that they have. This was done through an online survey that was answered by 67 garden owners in Leiden. In addition to the main survey a small quantitative part was added to the study in which the relationship between having a green identity and having a green garden was investigated. The study resulted in a complete overview on how garden owners make use of their garden and what influences them in changing it. What prevents garden owners most from making their garden greener are time, money and know how. Furthermore, a moderately positive correlation was found between a green identity and having a green garden. Further research should examine what moderates this relationship.Show less
Green gardens are a solution to heat, dryness, and flooding, which is a big problem in Leiden. However, the majority of gardens in Leiden is grey. The municipality of Leiden would like to stimulate...Show moreGreen gardens are a solution to heat, dryness, and flooding, which is a big problem in Leiden. However, the majority of gardens in Leiden is grey. The municipality of Leiden would like to stimulate their citizens to create more green gardens. Previous research found intentions and motivations to be positively associated with environmental behaviours. Moreover, autonomous motivation is thought to moderate the intention behaviour relationship. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between intention towards garden greening, autonomous motivation and actual garden greening behaviour. This study found intentions to significantly predict garden greening behaviour, explaining 13% of the variance. With a dichotomous approach, autonomous motivation was found to be a predictor of garden greening behaviour, but not a moderator of the intention behaviour relationship. In order for the municipality of Leiden to stimulate their residents to green their garden, follow-up research looking into possible moderators of the intention-behaviour gap and autonomous motivation is necessaryShow less
Research has found that zoo visits can enhance conservation intentions. The current research (N = 200) examined possible explanations for this relationship by conducting correlational research in...Show moreResearch has found that zoo visits can enhance conservation intentions. The current research (N = 200) examined possible explanations for this relationship by conducting correlational research in the form of an online survey. It was expected that positive affective responses towards zoo animals would enhance conservation intentions. Positive affective responses, in turn, were expected to be predicted by proximity to the animals, interaction with the animals, and active animal behavior. The results of this study confirmed all these expectations, but also showed that proximity, interaction, and pacing predicted negative affective responses, which in turn led to higher conservation intentions. This study thus provided a new insight, namely that affective responses in general can enhance conservation intentions. Zoos could stimulate affective responses by enriching the animal habitats, so that the animals show more active behavior, or by enabling consumers to get closer to the animals.Show less
Interpretive signage is the most commonly used channel by zoos to deliver conservation messages to visitors. These signs include aspects of animal biology, lifespan and taxonomy. Research to the...Show moreInterpretive signage is the most commonly used channel by zoos to deliver conservation messages to visitors. These signs include aspects of animal biology, lifespan and taxonomy. Research to the effectiveness of interpretive signage in zoos in influencing visitors’ conservation intentions is inconclusive and the link with attention to these signs has not yet been sufficiently investigated. This study examined the relationship between visitors’ attention to signs and conservation intentions and whether this relationship is mediated by visitor’s conservation attitudes. In a correlational design, 200 participants were asked to recall their last zoo visit and answer questions in an online survey. In line with the expectations, the results showed a positive association between visitors’ attention towards interpretive signage and conservation intentions. Visitors’ attitudes towards conservation partially mediated this relationship. It was concluded that when visitors devote attention to on-site interpretive zoo signage, this type of conservation education can be effective in influencing visitors’ intentions towards nature conservation through its influence on attitudes. Possible explanations for the results are discussed and implications for theory and practice are made.Show less
This study (N = 313) aimed to investigates the influence of (moral) emotional frames in an online discussion on moralization and attitude polarization. It is hypothesized that anger and disgust...Show moreThis study (N = 313) aimed to investigates the influence of (moral) emotional frames in an online discussion on moralization and attitude polarization. It is hypothesized that anger and disgust frames result in more attitude polarization than neutral frames, while anxiety frames are hypothesized to do the opposite. Felt emotions and moralization are hypothesised to mediate the effect, because experiencing moral emotions should makes people moralize an issue, which in turn can cause attitude polarization. However, the results did not support the hypotheses, as the frames did not impact attitude polarization, neither by mediation through moralization and felt emotions.. However, when conveyed emotions were used instead of the frames, anger, disgust and even fear and anxiety predicted attitude polarization through mediation by moralization and felt emotions. The results also indicate that moralization predicts attitude polarization. The study provides opportunities for future research that are elaborated on in the discussion.Show less
Although many gardeners desire a green oasis, most have a concrete jungle. This behavioral misalignment in domestic gardening is an example of the intention-behavior gap. Facilitating factors of...Show moreAlthough many gardeners desire a green oasis, most have a concrete jungle. This behavioral misalignment in domestic gardening is an example of the intention-behavior gap. Facilitating factors of this gap are poorly understood. This study aims to: 1. establish an intention-behavior gap in domestic green gardening, and 2. provide insight in impeding factors in the translation of green intention into gardening behavior. Two inertia-inducing factors were considered: goal conflict and procrastination. I tested whether intending to perform greening activities positively influences garden greening behavior when conflict between garden goals (H1) and procrastinating garden adjustments are low (H2). An online survey was distributed to garden-owners in Leiden (N=146). Multiple Response Analysis confirmed that intention mainly predicts greening behavior whilst leaving 63.6% of variance unexplained, showing a gap. Goal conflict and procrastination were not significant moderators. Strategies to increase garden greening are discussed and future research should continue studying intention-behavior gap moderators.Show less
Simultaneously engaging in multiple media activities is becoming increasingly normal in this digital era. Since distraction and media multitasking are closely related, a new term was created by...Show moreSimultaneously engaging in multiple media activities is becoming increasingly normal in this digital era. Since distraction and media multitasking are closely related, a new term was created by Aagaard (2014) to describe this activity: Distractive Media Multitasking (DMM). As more shopping is done online and e-commerce grows every year, DMM could have effects on the way consumers purchase online. This thesis uses an extensive questionnaire including an online shopping task to determine differences in shopping behaviors between differing levels of DMM. Firstly, it was expected that a higher amount of DMM activities would lead to a higher number of bought products and a lower purchase satisfaction. Secondly, it was expected that a higher experienced distraction due to DMM would lead to a higher number of bought products and a lower purchase satisfaction. No significant results were established. Exploratory research shows that engaging in DMM on multiple devices makes for a higher satisfaction level than engaging in DMM on only one device. Limitations of this study include the limited control of the research setting, while strengths include the examining of different aspects of DMM. Recommendations for future research contain changes to the research design and extensions to investigating additional DMM elements.Show less
