Cash conditional transfer programs have become a popular policy option in developing and middle-income countries to both decrease poverty and increase human capital. Through the use of a difference...Show moreCash conditional transfer programs have become a popular policy option in developing and middle-income countries to both decrease poverty and increase human capital. Through the use of a difference in difference quantitative analysis, this article analyzes how the Asignación Universal por Hijo (a CCT program implemented in Argentina in 2009) has affected both school enrolment rates and youth work since its implementation. The main argument of this research is that, due to the increase in income for eligible families and the conditions of the program, there should have been an increase to school enrolment and a decrease to youth work. The findings of the article suggest that work and school are fully substitutable for one another as the results show that the program resulted in an increase in school enrolment that was matched by a similar decrease in youth work. Specifically, the program seems to have been particularly effective in reducing work and increasing school enrolment of teenage males.Show less
In deze scriptie is vanuit historisch perspectief het Nederlandse vluchtelingenbeleid omtrent de Hongaarse vluchtelingen met de huidige instroom van Syrische vluchtelingen vergeleken. Onderzocht is...Show moreIn deze scriptie is vanuit historisch perspectief het Nederlandse vluchtelingenbeleid omtrent de Hongaarse vluchtelingen met de huidige instroom van Syrische vluchtelingen vergeleken. Onderzocht is in hoeverre er sprake is van verschillen of overeenkomsten in het vluchtelingenbeleid toentertijd en heden ten dage. Aangezien er in de bestaande literatuur tot op heden nog relatief weinig aandacht is geweest voor dit historisch perspectief, is er onder meer gekeken naar zowel de beleidskaders als de organisatorische aspecten van het asielbeleid in beide perioden. Hierbij zijn de grondslagen van bestuurshistorisch onderzoek en een bijbehorende historisch-institutionele benadering toegepast.Show less
Toegang verlenen aan belangenbehartigers is een eerste stap, maar staat niet gelijk aan invloed. Beleidsmakers bepalen na het verlenen van toegang namelijk voor een groot deel hoe veel invloed...Show moreToegang verlenen aan belangenbehartigers is een eerste stap, maar staat niet gelijk aan invloed. Beleidsmakers bepalen na het verlenen van toegang namelijk voor een groot deel hoe veel invloed belangenbehartigers uitoefenen op beleidsuitkomsten. Hoewel toegang niet direct gelijk staat aan invloed, zijn de motieven voor lokale bestuurders om toegang te verlenen ook verklarend voor hoe responsief zij zijn voor de boodschap van belangenbehartigers. In de stap tussen toegang en invloed speelt de eigen agenda van lokale bestuurders dan ook een grote rol. Dit onderzoek gaat in op die eigen agenda en laat zien dat allerlei strategische overwegingen, zoals de uitwisseling van acces goods en gedragsfactoren, bepalend zijn voor de responsiviteit van lokale bestuurders voor lobbyboodschappen.Show less
Rising house prices are of increasing concern for the Dutch government. Many elements influence the house prices, but it is often unclear how much can be contributed specifically. This research...Show moreRising house prices are of increasing concern for the Dutch government. Many elements influence the house prices, but it is often unclear how much can be contributed specifically. This research studies the effect of immigration on house prices in the Netherlands from 2013 till 2019. It contributes to understanding the influence recent immigration flows have on the Dutch economy, by estimating its impact on the housing market. Furthermore, it looks for differences of this effect between three geographic areas; municipalities, districts and neighborhoods. The results show a positive effect on the house prices in general because of decreased supply. This effect is negative for house prices in districts and neighborhoods due to the native population moving out (native flight). Natives with the highest disposable income respond to immigration by moving to different districts or neighborhoods. This generates a negative effect on housing demand and decreases house prices is in these areas. There are some differences between provinces in the strength of the effect. No negative relation is found between immigration and crime, or between immigration and housing supply.Show less
The literature on policy advisory systems and knowledge regimes has found that policymakers make use of evidence in national-specific ways, and that the administrative and institutional...Show moreThe literature on policy advisory systems and knowledge regimes has found that policymakers make use of evidence in national-specific ways, and that the administrative and institutional characteristics of countries influence this. These fields have however so far neglected to research whether different policy areas within one country also make different use of evidence. This study researches whether this is the case by comparing the policy areas of diversity policy and energy policy in the Netherlands with each other, and it analyses which types of evidence are used and how the character of the policy areas influences this. Four cases have been compared with each other; two cases that concern themselves with diversity policy and two cases that concern themselves with energy policy. Data was collected by conducting a citation analysis of letters to parliament, websites and other policy documents and by interviewing 11 policymakers. This study finds that the technical character of energy policy causes policymakers to make use of more complex and specialist evidence, and because of the substantial economic interests behind the energy transition, there are furthermore more evidence providers that play a role in the area of energy policy. Energy policy and diversity policy however also show great overlap with each other; they both attach great value to evidence that is provided by practitioners, because the policymakers working on both policy areas have a supporting and stimulating role.Show less
In the current demographic trends, the future health of the society is more dependent on the politics than ever. But are people with poor health conditions represented equally? The negative...Show moreIn the current demographic trends, the future health of the society is more dependent on the politics than ever. But are people with poor health conditions represented equally? The negative relationship between poor health and participation has been well established. It could lead to a representation inequality since the demands of the poor health group are not translated into votes. However, we do not know how health status influence the opinions and demands of the voters which are supposed to be represented at the elections. Are poor health individuals have distinctive policy preferences? By exploring these opinions, first, I will show the possible substantive consequences of the participation gaps between health groups. Second, I will investigate the inter-sectional nature of the health representation inequalities caused by the moderating role of income and education on opinions and participation. I conduct a multivariate analysis on a cross-European sample using the 2014 ESS data to test my hypotheses. I show an evidence for the unequal representation of the different opinions in the elections between the healthy and the poor health group, and within the poor health group, explained by the level of income. Based on the results, I revisit the policy discussion about the solutions for the health disparities in voting.Show less
De Politie-eenheid Amsterdam ontwikkelde in 2014 het Criminaliteits Anticipatie Systeem (CAS): een predictive policing-algoritme dat voor gebieden van 125 bij 125 meter de kans op uiteenlopende...Show moreDe Politie-eenheid Amsterdam ontwikkelde in 2014 het Criminaliteits Anticipatie Systeem (CAS): een predictive policing-algoritme dat voor gebieden van 125 bij 125 meter de kans op uiteenlopende criminaliteits- en overlastvormen voorspelt (politie, z.d.). Deze scriptie beoogt de verklarende factoren bloot te leggen in de relatie tussen de ingebruikname van het CAS door de basisteams van de Eenheid Amsterdam en de wijze waarop politieagenten in deze basisteams beslissingen nemen. Uit deze doelstelling vloeit de volgende onderzoeksvraag voort: hoe kan de wijze waarop politieagenten in de basisteams van de Eenheid Amsterdam beslissingen nemen verklaard worden door het gebruik van het Criminaliteits Anticipatie Systeem? Voor de beantwoording van de onderzoeksvraag worden vijf semigestructureerde interviews met zes politieagenten uit verschillende basisteams van de Eenheid Amsterdam gehouden. De onderzoeksresultaten van deze studie leveren bewijs voor vijf factoren in de relatie tussen het gebruik van het CAS en de wijze waarop politieagenten beslissingen nemen. De conclusie van deze scriptie is daarom dat de waardering van expertise, het wan- of vertrouwen in het CAS, de spanningsbehoefte van politieagenten, het belang van de actualiteit en het kennisgebrek over het CAS verklaren hoe het gebruik van het CAS door de basisteams van de Eenheid Amsterdam van invloed is op de wijze waarop agenten in deze basisteams beslissingen nemen. Beperkingen van deze studie zijn de oververtegenwoordiging van basisteam Watergraafsmeer en wijkagenten in de steekproef, het missen van respondenten werkzaam in district Amsterdam-West en het ontbreken van datatriangulatie. Vervolgonderzoek dient de resultaten dan ook te controleren in niet-gerepresenteerde basisteams, onder andersoortige politiefunctionarissen en in Amsterdam-West. Aanbevolen wordt het gebruik van het CAS te stimuleren door de informatieverschaffing over het CAS richting politieagenten te verbeteren.Show less
In deze scriptie is onderzocht, hoe de Europese vluchtelingencrisis door de politiek in Nederland en Duitsland in september 2015 is geframed. Middels een inductieve frameanalyse zijn vier...Show moreIn deze scriptie is onderzocht, hoe de Europese vluchtelingencrisis door de politiek in Nederland en Duitsland in september 2015 is geframed. Middels een inductieve frameanalyse zijn vier parlementaire documenten geanalyseerd, waarbij een aantal frames gevonden zijn. Verschillen en overeenkomsten tussen beide landen zijn uitgelicht en daaruit zijn twee hypotheses voortgekomen. Deze hypotheses zouden de framing mogelijk kunnen verklaren, maar zouden in vervolgonderzoek nader onderzocht moeten worden.Show less
Master thesis | Crisis and Security Management (MSc)
open access
The duration, intensity, and diversity of Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks are on the rise and due to the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) will only increase this trend. As the...Show moreThe duration, intensity, and diversity of Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks are on the rise and due to the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) will only increase this trend. As the DDoS attacks on the Belastingdienst, the Bunq bank, internet site Tweakers, and internet provider Tweak show, even Dutch teenagers can perform DDoS attacks on vital organisations such as financial and governmental institutions. Therefore, DDoS attacks pose a real treat to Dutch society. Presented in the report of the NCSC (2019), the main issue with DDoS attacks is the lack of resilience measurements. This research approaches the defence against DDoS attacks from a new perspective. It substantiates the choice to start with resilience instead of security and explains the differences between the two notions. The research extends the resilience matrix of Linkov et al. (2013-b) to offer organisations an holistic view to DDoS mitigation. The matrix did not provide measurable elements and was not designed for DDoS attacks. For this reason, this research consists of expert interviews and a literature study to redesign the matrix. The research finds elements in the different domains and phases and suggests new aspects and adjustments to the resilience matrix. By rethinking the resilience matrix, this research suggests measurable aspects, interrelations between the aspects, and outcomes for resilience. It becomes evident that measuring resilience requires more emphasis on the planning and preparation phase, a new legal domain, and on splitting the social domain into an internal and external domain. It also lays out the steps to an overall system resilience and finds that this requires the metrics to involve the interrelationships between the aspects and cells of the matrix, something previous scholars overlooked. In addition, resilience will only be shown during a test or attack. It is up to the organisation to determine in which of the two situations they would prefer to find out. Finally, a resilience measurement will become less valid over time. Therefore, organisations would need to re-evaluate their systems regularly. This study paves the way for future research. Based on the findings, it is evident that scholars should aim to adjust the selection of interviewees, involve scholars with different backgrounds, take interrelationships into account, add measurements on individual aspects, include weights, and append aspects in the legal, internal, and external domains.Show less
Children make use of mobile applications on an ever increasing basis. A category of app that is increasingly popular amongst children in the Netherlands is mobile applications that focus on...Show moreChildren make use of mobile applications on an ever increasing basis. A category of app that is increasingly popular amongst children in the Netherlands is mobile applications that focus on education. This study takes a holistic approach to studying privacy related to the use of this type of mobile applications by approaching the subject using the different lenses of the three layer model. The governance layer is studied to see how privacy of children is regulated, the socio-technical layer addresses privacy concerns parents have when their children use such applications, and the technical layer elaborates upon what mobile applications claim to do and what they do in practice. Bringing these perspectives together shows that there are three keys themes relevant for the topic at hand: transparency, parental consent and data minimization. However, in none of these themes the observations of all three studied layers fully complement one another and contrasts can even be observed. Results show that providing parents with more control could possibly improve this.Show less
