The thesis mainly provides insights into the Japanese government's denial of meeting the demands of the surviving comfort women. It deals with far-right arguments and how they are formed through...Show moreThe thesis mainly provides insights into the Japanese government's denial of meeting the demands of the surviving comfort women. It deals with far-right arguments and how they are formed through national memory and other institutional tools such as Particular Event Narratives.Show less
In today's world where globalization, sustainable development and nature conservation are front-page news, a counter-narrative is also perceived in the form of environmental destruction with...Show moreIn today's world where globalization, sustainable development and nature conservation are front-page news, a counter-narrative is also perceived in the form of environmental destruction with migratory consequences and therefore social and socio-economic disintegration in some regions of the world. This thesis investigates the relationship between mining, nature conservation and the consequences for Venezuelan indigenous populations. This study shows that the so-called "Orinoco Mining Arc" in the Amazonian territory of Venezuela (a government mining initiative that generates a rapid – and in cases illegal – source of income, with little control by the respective Government) results in the so-called ecocide, that is, extensive and serious damage to nature that refers precisely to the total environmental destruction in a given area, whether or not it is protected.Show less
The research will carry out a multidisciplinary socio-economic approach to the phenomenon of 'State Capitalism' in Brazil. The term is an expression that designates the mechanism of a political...Show moreThe research will carry out a multidisciplinary socio-economic approach to the phenomenon of 'State Capitalism' in Brazil. The term is an expression that designates the mechanism of a political-economic nature that manifests itself in the relations established between the State, through its public agents and high-level politicians, and large private economic actors (or business groups). It is about Brazilian-style capitalism, with the term crony capitalism as a correspondent, a phenomenon that has been the object of interdisciplinary studies, notably in the areas of Political Sciences, Economics and Law. In this context, the main gaps and bottlenecks that favor or stimulate the use of state- owned companies and banks as institutional channels for shady negotiations, which involve the exchange of favors and distribution of privileges, engendered between the ruling political class and, preponderantly, large private capital, will be object of deep analysis. Such insidious relations may culminate in reverse income transfer, loss of economic efficiency due to misallocation of scarce economic resources, constitution of oligopolies and market reserves, misalignment with the State's social policy projects, and increase in opportunity costs. The patrimonialist and personalist culture underlying the economic and social relations in Brazil has as a probable historical element the model of colonization and extractive exploitation imposed by the Portuguese colonizers, through the formation of the first government structures and the bureaucratic institutional design conceived by the colonizers in their exploratory enterprise. In addition to the historical and cultural value of understanding the phenomenon of 'capitalism of ties' existing in Brazil, as a legacy of the model of exploitation established in this country, its relevant economic and social impacts on public management and Brazilian politics are highlighted. With greater importance, the issues related to governance in state-owned companies and their effects on the political and economic spheres, which constantly lead to the destabilization and weakening of the republican state system, with impacts on representative democracy itself and on the implementation of state policies in the medium and long term. Direct effects can thus be observed in the level of trust of citizens in their public managers and political representatives, undermined by the personalistic and patrimonialist management of large companies and state-owned banks, by the opacity in the process of accountability to society in relation to the investment policies of these companies and by the promiscuous relationships that often permeate the negotiations between these companies, the ruling political class and its support base.Show less
Code switching can be defined as the use of more than one language, or ‘code’, by someone engaged in speech or text. It is a practise employed by multilinguals in both oral and written...Show moreCode switching can be defined as the use of more than one language, or ‘code’, by someone engaged in speech or text. It is a practise employed by multilinguals in both oral and written conversations. Different multilinguals will have different switching patterns. These patterns can vary depending on the speaker’s language proficiency, community norms, the typology of their languages, and the cultural or political relations these languages might have with one another, among many other reasons. Code switching between Spanish and English and Spanish and French has been the subject of various studies. Although trilingual research is rare (e.g. Parafita Couto et al., 2023; Valdés Kroff et al., 2023), there has also been some research on the connection between Spanish, French and English, but most of this work is based in the French-speaking provinces of Canada (e.g. COLEM, 2023; Pato, 2019, 2022). This paper aims to study the code-switching patterns among a set of trilingual siblings living in Geneva who have Colombian heritage and attend a British school in the city. The participants recorded themselves for up to 30 minutes having casual conversations following a prompt in three separate occasions. The switches were identified alongside general information about the corpus, such as how many languages were present in each clause, the clauses’ matrix language, the general use of each language in the corpus, among others. This paper focuses on intraclausal switching. We followed Deuchar et al. (2007)’s methodology which categorises each intraclausal switch into insertion, alteration, or congruent lexicalisation according to the code switching pattern it most aligned with following Muysken’s typology of bilingual speech patterns (2000).Because English, Spanish and French are typologically similar, combined with the fact our participants are fluent in all three languages, and due to the culturally open context of Geneva, we expected alternation to be the dominant switch pattern in the recorded conversations. Having said this, since the participants go to a British school where their education is mainly in English, and because the Colombian community in Geneva is not as big as other bilingual communities around the world, a dominant insertional pattern was also a possibility. The corpus was composed of mainly unilingual clauses with 7.8% of the first recording being bilingual clauses, 19.6% of the second recording, and 8.95% of the third. Only three clauses in the entire corpus were trilingual out of 1215. Once we had analysed the entirety of the conversations, the dominant pattern was indeed overwhelmingly insertion with 77.55% of the switches in the corpus presenting this pattern. Congruent lexicalisation was present in 11.56% of the switches and alternation in the other 10.88%. Although these results do not necessarily align with our expectations of codeswitching in Switzerland, we believe our participants’ specific background, namely the fact that language separation is encouraged in the different spheres of their lives, could explain the prevalence of insertion over alternation in our case study. We hope our research will contribute to bigger corpus studies of trilingual codeswitching patterns in different communities.Show less
This thesis opts to explore the theme of the transmission of trauma across generations in three literary works by three Italian women authors. By the way of a narratological, contextual and...Show moreThis thesis opts to explore the theme of the transmission of trauma across generations in three literary works by three Italian women authors. By the way of a narratological, contextual and comparative analysis we will be considering the significance of the theme in the novels Cenere by Grazia Deledda (1904), Una donna by Sibilla Aleramo (1906) and La casa nel vicolo by Maria Messina (1921); while also examining the plot, themes, endings and structure through a historic-contextual lens.Show less
This thesis analyses the massive sterilization campaigns as a public policy of family planning and its impact on the essential rights of citizens during the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru....Show moreThis thesis analyses the massive sterilization campaigns as a public policy of family planning and its impact on the essential rights of citizens during the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru. Chapter 1 points to the fact that forced sterilizations as a violation of human rights in Peru is part of a wider phenomenon observed in other contexts. Similarly, this thesis organizes the discussion around central elements of human rights relevant to the specific case of productive rights. The analysis is structured from a demographic perspective, considering the relationship between poverty and birth rate and patient rights. Empirical analysis focuses on the perception of upper-middle-class youth in Lima about the relationship between poverty and birth control policies.Show less
