Een vergelijkende studie naar de Amerikaanse en Nederlandse inlichtingencultuur als verklarende factor voor organisatorische verschillen tussen de Amerikaanse en Nederlandse inlichtingengemeenschap
This thesis examines the construction of citizenship in terrorist organisations by looking at two terrorist organisations: the IRA and the PLO. So far, most of the studies tend to focus on how...Show moreThis thesis examines the construction of citizenship in terrorist organisations by looking at two terrorist organisations: the IRA and the PLO. So far, most of the studies tend to focus on how terrorist organisations operate instead of how they incorporate their constituency. therefore, this thesis will give an insight in the structure of terrorist organisations and how they control their constituency. However, this thesis will develop a better understanding of the relation between the organisation and their constituency. The construction of citizenship is assessed by looking at three elements of citizenship construction: legal status, participation, and identity. It is argued that both the IRA and PLO have experienced a similar construction of citizenship in their organisation and sheds a light on how terrorist organisations create coherence in their organisation. The terrorist organisation optimise these elements of citizenship to include and bind their constituency to their organisation and their objective.Show less
Een onderzoek naar het gebruik van geweld in verschillende Ierse graafschappen tijdens de Ierse onafhankelijkheidsoorlog en hoe de onderlinge verschillen verklaard kunnen worden.
Research about the emerge of armed resisitance during the armed resistance. This research looks at the political and local influence on armed resistance against the Home Rule Bill
For most of the twentieth century British political parties have devoted considerable attention to formulating election manifestos, placing them at the very centre of their policy-making efforts....Show moreFor most of the twentieth century British political parties have devoted considerable attention to formulating election manifestos, placing them at the very centre of their policy-making efforts. Their gestation usually took months of detailed preparations in which policies and commitments were carefully selected and written down in more or less certain terms. Since the specific structure and considerable length of the final product often meant that it had little appeal to the average voter, it makes sense to assume that election manifestos served other purposes as well – particularly those that went beyond outright political propaganda and were concerned with wider aspects of policy making, electoral strategy and party management. Nowhere does this mixture of purposes seem more apparent than in the case of the Conservative Party, the dominant force in British politics during the twentieth century, which experienced and survived some of the greatest shifts in policy direction of any mainstream political group in the post-war period.Show less
In this thesis an analysis is made of the British parliamentary debates on European integration in the period from 1957 to 1975. This is done in order to better understand the role of identity...Show moreIn this thesis an analysis is made of the British parliamentary debates on European integration in the period from 1957 to 1975. This is done in order to better understand the role of identity narratives in political debates in general and specifically the role of conceptions of and narratives on British national identity in these parliamentary debates on European integration. During this period the United Kingdom first left the initiative to create an EEC, only to apply for membership three years later in 1961. After two failed applications the UK became a member state in 1973, which received direct popular support through the 1975 ‘in-or-out’-referendum after the Wilson government had renegotiated the terms. In this thesis it is argued that national identity narratives actively shaped political opinion in these years and thus the political process as well. Political, economic and other types of arguments were deliberately linked to and intertwined with identity narratives with the goal of generating political effect. By means of this research and its results this study seeks to add to the historiography on Britain and the European integration process, which had been lacking both in research focusing on political debate as well as in research on the role of identity narratives therein.Show less
The thesis deals with the political decisions of three members of the British labour movement in the period 1911-1923: John Maclean, Will Thorne and Ben Tillett. In particular, whether and why they...Show moreThe thesis deals with the political decisions of three members of the British labour movement in the period 1911-1923: John Maclean, Will Thorne and Ben Tillett. In particular, whether and why they chose to accept the existing British political structures during those years. The focus is on the constant re-assessment of the value of those institutions in times of crisis, and on which types of motivations played a part in the decisions that resulted from those perceptions and interpretations. The conclusion is that this constant re-assessment of their attitudes serves as a better overall explanation of the Labour Party's course during these years than ideological, structural or individual explanations - or at least adds to those.Show less
This thesis focuses on the Irish Republican Courts which existed during the Anglo-Irish War of 1919-1921, also known as the Irish War of Independence. The republican courts were a part of an Irish...Show moreThis thesis focuses on the Irish Republican Courts which existed during the Anglo-Irish War of 1919-1921, also known as the Irish War of Independence. The republican courts were a part of an Irish alternative government, which existed alongside the then still present British government in Ireland. It focuses especially on the motives of ordinary Irishmen to use the republican courts, what is was that made them function, and to what extent they can be considered to have functioned successfully as judicial institutions. Their success as judicial institutions was measured by comparing them to British courts, the Petty Sessions, in terms of the number of cases and types of cases each dealt with. The results amount to a correction of the existing image of the republican courts.Show less
The English scientist Francis Galton (1822-1911)coined the term eugenics in 1883 and first spoke of the concept in 1865. In this thesis it is researched how Galton's ideas about eugenics were...Show moreThe English scientist Francis Galton (1822-1911)coined the term eugenics in 1883 and first spoke of the concept in 1865. In this thesis it is researched how Galton's ideas about eugenics were formed and how his British contemporaries responded to these ideas. The thesis question thus is:‘what formed Galton’s ideas about eugenics, and how did his contemporaries in British society respond to his ideas?’ Influences from Galton's personal life led to his interest in eugenics. At first Galton's contemporaries did not see Galton's concept of eugenics as a practical possibility, but later in his life he did find people who continued his mission. There was also a lot of criticism of his ideas. This criticism was mainly directed at the morality of eugenics and Galton's neglect of the influence of nurture on the improvement of the human race.Show less
This paper looks at the impact of Eamon de Valera, Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith and Cathal Brugha upon the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, focusing on the period from the Easter Rising of April 1916...Show moreThis paper looks at the impact of Eamon de Valera, Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith and Cathal Brugha upon the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, focusing on the period from the Easter Rising of April 1916 to the ratification of the Treaty by the Dáil in January 1922. The research looks at why these figures differed in opinion regarding what political form an independent Ireland would take, as well as asking whether the men’s personal differences helped to sow the seeds of civil war in June 1922, or whether their differences were a reflection of wider public disagreement over the nation’s future.Show less
De relatie tussen het linkse milieu en het ontstaan van terrorisme in West-Duitsland tussen 1967 en 1970: een onderzoek naar de ontwikkelingen binnen het linkse milieu in de jaren zestig die...Show moreDe relatie tussen het linkse milieu en het ontstaan van terrorisme in West-Duitsland tussen 1967 en 1970: een onderzoek naar de ontwikkelingen binnen het linkse milieu in de jaren zestig die uiteindelijk zouden leiden tot de linkse terreur van de jaren zeventig.Show less
Dit onderzoek gaat over de vraag of de Jewish Defense League succesvol is geweest met haar acties. Deze vraag wordt beantwoord door te kijken naar de invloed die de Jewish Defense League heeft...Show moreDit onderzoek gaat over de vraag of de Jewish Defense League succesvol is geweest met haar acties. Deze vraag wordt beantwoord door te kijken naar de invloed die de Jewish Defense League heeft gehad op het Amerikaans buitenlands beleid aangezien deze beïnvloeding bij de meeste acties van hen het uiteindelijke doel was.Show less
An analysis is given of two potential revolutionary situations in order to find out whether the actions by potential revolutionaries can be considered revolutionary at all.
