The research will carry out a multidisciplinary socio-economic approach to the phenomenon of 'State Capitalism' in Brazil. The term is an expression that designates the mechanism of a political...Show moreThe research will carry out a multidisciplinary socio-economic approach to the phenomenon of 'State Capitalism' in Brazil. The term is an expression that designates the mechanism of a political-economic nature that manifests itself in the relations established between the State, through its public agents and high-level politicians, and large private economic actors (or business groups). It is about Brazilian-style capitalism, with the term crony capitalism as a correspondent, a phenomenon that has been the object of interdisciplinary studies, notably in the areas of Political Sciences, Economics and Law. In this context, the main gaps and bottlenecks that favor or stimulate the use of state- owned companies and banks as institutional channels for shady negotiations, which involve the exchange of favors and distribution of privileges, engendered between the ruling political class and, preponderantly, large private capital, will be object of deep analysis. Such insidious relations may culminate in reverse income transfer, loss of economic efficiency due to misallocation of scarce economic resources, constitution of oligopolies and market reserves, misalignment with the State's social policy projects, and increase in opportunity costs. The patrimonialist and personalist culture underlying the economic and social relations in Brazil has as a probable historical element the model of colonization and extractive exploitation imposed by the Portuguese colonizers, through the formation of the first government structures and the bureaucratic institutional design conceived by the colonizers in their exploratory enterprise. In addition to the historical and cultural value of understanding the phenomenon of 'capitalism of ties' existing in Brazil, as a legacy of the model of exploitation established in this country, its relevant economic and social impacts on public management and Brazilian politics are highlighted. With greater importance, the issues related to governance in state-owned companies and their effects on the political and economic spheres, which constantly lead to the destabilization and weakening of the republican state system, with impacts on representative democracy itself and on the implementation of state policies in the medium and long term. Direct effects can thus be observed in the level of trust of citizens in their public managers and political representatives, undermined by the personalistic and patrimonialist management of large companies and state-owned banks, by the opacity in the process of accountability to society in relation to the investment policies of these companies and by the promiscuous relationships that often permeate the negotiations between these companies, the ruling political class and its support base.Show less
To what extent and in what way does the Quinceañera tradition serve as a platform for negotiating and challenging traditional representations of women's attire and appearance among second...Show moreTo what extent and in what way does the Quinceañera tradition serve as a platform for negotiating and challenging traditional representations of women's attire and appearance among second-generation Mexican-American youth in San Diego, U.S.?Show less
This thesis analyses the massive sterilization campaigns as a public policy of family planning and its impact on the essential rights of citizens during the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru....Show moreThis thesis analyses the massive sterilization campaigns as a public policy of family planning and its impact on the essential rights of citizens during the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru. Chapter 1 points to the fact that forced sterilizations as a violation of human rights in Peru is part of a wider phenomenon observed in other contexts. Similarly, this thesis organizes the discussion around central elements of human rights relevant to the specific case of productive rights. The analysis is structured from a demographic perspective, considering the relationship between poverty and birth rate and patient rights. Empirical analysis focuses on the perception of upper-middle-class youth in Lima about the relationship between poverty and birth control policies.Show less
El título de la presente tesis de maestría es “La estrategia de empoderamiento en las letras y audiovisuales del hip-hop femenino cubano”. La pregunta principal de la investigación es: ¿Qué...Show moreEl título de la presente tesis de maestría es “La estrategia de empoderamiento en las letras y audiovisuales del hip-hop femenino cubano”. La pregunta principal de la investigación es: ¿Qué estrategias utilizan las raperas en sus obras para empoderar a otras mujeres dentro del movimiento hip-hop cubano? Después de responder a esta pregunta, tendremos una mejor comprensión de las formas en que las raperas cubanas invocan la fuerza interior de sus oyentes y el posible impacto real en ellas. Esto será relevante porque a lo largo de la historia el feminismo ha ignorado otras vías a través de las cuales los individuos pueden experimentar opresión y desigualdad. La música hecha por y para mujeres negras muestra otra narrativa que les permite arrojar luz sobre su historia social, cultural, política e individual que no son simples catarsis existenciales. Es importante comprender la forma en que se usa la música hip-hop cuando se busca desarrollar el amor propio y la autoestima. El estudio que realizo pone en juego el debate de cómo y en qué medida esto se pretende. De tal manera, la investigación presenta un análisis de las canciones de tres músicos cubanos dentro del movimiento hip-hop: La Reyna y La Real –“Ciao Papito” (2020)-, La Fina –“Mujer Afrocubana” (2013)- y Oye Habana –“Negra” (2009)-. Teniendo como base la letra y los videoclips, se ha identificado que los temas principales de tales objetos culturales se hallan relacionados con el feminismo decolonial y la conciencia feminista negra. Abrazar la herencia, tener agencia personal para contar su historia, son dos aspectos importantes que inspiran a otras afrocubanas a valorarse más entre sí y a sí mismas. También fue sometido a discusión si este comportamiento era realmente feminista, pues se corre el riesgo de establecer estereotipos dañinos, cuando no confusos o limítrofes con zonas de la realidad que desvían o aniquilan la autenticidad de variados procesos emancipadores.Show less
Climate change has presented a threat during the last decade, as ecological systems are unstable and cannot regulate themselves anymore. In current times, the world is connected more than ever...Show moreClimate change has presented a threat during the last decade, as ecological systems are unstable and cannot regulate themselves anymore. In current times, the world is connected more than ever especially in regards to agricultural production such as banana production. In that way, for consumers, it is essential to be aware of their role as buyer and consumer and the impact their behaviour may have on nature and society. Especially, with the pressuring foreign demand for bananas which increased in the past years substantially. They must also understand how this impacts the sustainability of the banana production and its environmental consequences on the labour conditions of banana workers. In that way, this thesis will explore the Fairtrade banana production in Ecuadorian province of El Oro, by putting the fairness in Fairtrade into question. Additionally, small farmers from the Global South are responsible for at best 70 percent of the global food supply production, while at the same time they depend on the trade of their agricultural products as a source of income. Precisely, the province El Oro represents one of the three principal export-producers in the nation, containing the highest number of producers, and by being involved with Fairtrade International, this makes the El Oro banana production an intriguing case study.Show less
Este trabajo presenta el contexto local en el que nace el hip-hop afrocolombiano de ChocQuibTown como un medio apto con que superar y resistir el racismo colombiano. La vinculación entre el...Show moreEste trabajo presenta el contexto local en el que nace el hip-hop afrocolombiano de ChocQuibTown como un medio apto con que superar y resistir el racismo colombiano. La vinculación entre el negrismo y el hip-hop afrocolombiano forma la base para entender la postura anti-racista de esta agrupación musical y sus estrategias utilizadas en Somos Pacífico, De donde vengo yo, Oro y El mismo. El análisis hace hincapié en tres estrategias principales que apoyan la potencialidad de la producción de este grupo de hip-hop como motivador social: desmantelamiento, edutainment y valoración. En suma, el objetivo de este estudio es investigar de qué modo las canciones de ChocQuibTown incitan a un cambio social integral y asumen el rol de agentes catalizadores en cuanto a las circunstancias del pueblo afrocolombiano.Show less
This investigation analyzes the plan for reincorporation of the former combatants of FARC as a result of the 2016 Peace Agreement. By analyzing the past efforts of reintegration in Colombia, for...Show moreThis investigation analyzes the plan for reincorporation of the former combatants of FARC as a result of the 2016 Peace Agreement. By analyzing the past efforts of reintegration in Colombia, for example, by the Colombian Agency for Reintegration (Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración, ACR, now ARN), and their successes and failures, a reflection can be made for the current plan for reintegration. With this analysis an effort will be made to improve the process of reintegration in Colombia and take possible risks into account.The three main themes throughout the thesis are reincorporation policies related to gender topics, individual versus collective reintegration, and the politicization of former combatant groups.Show less
La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) surge en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en medio de las demandas por nuevas alternativas al desarrollo que buscaban solucionar el problema de la pobreza...Show moreLa Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) surge en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en medio de las demandas por nuevas alternativas al desarrollo que buscaban solucionar el problema de la pobreza y los daños ambientales causados por las empresas en el proceso globalizador. Así, la RSE se define como la responsabilidad que asumen las empresas por sus impactos económicos, sociales y ambientales con respecto a sus grupos de interés. La RSE es un enfoque ético que apela a una actuación consciente y transparente de las empresas, tanto dentro como fuera de ella, que implica someterse a una rendición de cuentas. De este modo, constituye un factor diferenciador que permite beneficiar a la empresa y a la sociedad. La RSE, al estar estrechamente relacionada con el desarrollo sostenible, es un tema importante en el contexto rural ya que las personas dependen directamente de los recursos naturales y la mayoría de empresas que operan en este sector son extractivas, lo cual puede representar una amenaza para la población local. En el caso peruano, la agricultura y la minería son dos actividades importantes: la agricultura porque gran parte de la población rural depende de esta actividad y la minería porque genera importantes ingresos económicos para el país. Con las políticas neoliberales de los años 90, la expansión de las empresas permitió la promoción de la RSE, siendo las empresas mineras las que mayores intervenciones de RSE realizan en el sector rural. Ellas buscan crear oportunidades para mejorar la calidad de la población, como una manera de devolver los beneficios obtenidos es sus áreas de intervención. Sin embargo, las relaciones entre los diferentes actores sociales son complejas debido a los conflictos que se han producido por los impactos socioambientales. En este sentido, el objetivo central de esta investigación es determinar los alcances y potencialidades de las actividades de la RSE que se han ejecutado en el Perú para promover el desarrollo de las comunidades rurales en un marco de sostenibilidad.Show less
National Identity and Nationalism play a growing role in our globalized world. Being globalized stands for a shrinking world, which has an effect upon every sphere of life – from economic condition...Show moreNational Identity and Nationalism play a growing role in our globalized world. Being globalized stands for a shrinking world, which has an effect upon every sphere of life – from economic condition, to personal freedom, to cultural customs. Bilateralism, or bilateral relationships such as the one between Mexico and the United States bring countries closer together and enable success and growth. Nevertheless, such a relationship also impacts on both countries through cultural convergence and economic dependence. Therefore, this study examines how the Mexico – United States bilateral relation impacts on Mexico´s national identity. It directly addresses the level of anti-American sentiment in Mexico City. Furthermore, it assesses how an increased antiAmerican sentiment and a growing Mexican nationalism impact on Mexico´s foreign policy towards the United States of America. Finally, it evaluates in how far this affects the construction of the Mexican identity itself. The author shows in this study that there exists a connection between a growing anti-American sentiment in the Mexican society and the current stage of the bilateral relationship between Mexico and the United States of America. This study concludes that currently the seemingly volatile relationship between Mexico and the United States of America is also an opportunity or possibility for Mexico to gain next to economic independence, also to reorient the construction of the Mexican national identity distinguished from its neighbouring country.Show less
