Sometimes, legislative anomalies codify societal discrimination based on the mass psyche, consequently marginalizing the very communities legislators serve. This thesis explores the intersection of...Show moreSometimes, legislative anomalies codify societal discrimination based on the mass psyche, consequently marginalizing the very communities legislators serve. This thesis explores the intersection of sex work and welfare systems by using the lens of exclusionary legal diktats to demonstrate how the ensuing ambiguity of laws contort the lives of sex workers in the geography of my research - Sweden and the Netherlands. I conclude my study with specific recommendations based on academic research and the lived experiences of sex workers in the geographical area of my study.Show less
The rise of right-wing populism has received much attention in academic literature. However, most of the research on right-wing populism focuses on what drives the electoral success of these...Show moreThe rise of right-wing populism has received much attention in academic literature. However, most of the research on right-wing populism focuses on what drives the electoral success of these parties. Less light has been shed on factors that mitigate voting on right-wing populist parties, although there are indicators that the welfare state can play a key role here. Therefore, this thesis investigates the relationship between welfare state generosity and right-wing populist vote share. Using a Tobit analysis, this thesis analyses 91 elections in 16 countries over the period 1997-2018. The results of this model indicate that a generous welfare state can weaken the positive effect of trade globalization on electoral support for right-wing populist parties.Show less
The Occupy movement remains one of the defining aspects of political life in the early 2010s as a global social movement attempting to address the concerns of post-2008 politics. Drawing...Show moreThe Occupy movement remains one of the defining aspects of political life in the early 2010s as a global social movement attempting to address the concerns of post-2008 politics. Drawing inspiration from preceding movements and inspiring movements to come, its insistence on not articulating concrete demands as well as its dependence on pre-figurative politics was met simultaneously with amazement by activists and confusion by those attempting to grasp the movement. Through its global diffusion, beginning with Occupy Wall Street in New York and spreading all over the world, Occupy became a global phenomenon, entering the realm of international relations, with individual movements acting as agents that influence local and international politics, and the overall movement serving as connector between local actors on a global scale. Social movement theory often models mobilisation as happening either directly, through contact with activists, or indirectly, through equivalences in structure, demographic, or culture to other activists. The mobilisation and global diffusion of the Occupy movement however challenged both of these models, with local movements often self-mobilising and demonstrating a high level of heterogeneity in demographic make-up, social position, or movement culture. This thesis sets out to address this challenge by analysing the narratives put forward by Occupy movements as movement-building relays which aid the self-mobilisation of new activists. It argues that the common element between movements, as well as the potential for its global diffusion through self-mobilisation is not to be found in the narratives’ content, but rather in their structural aspects serving as movement-building relays. For this, 27 documents published by local Occupy movements were analysed in a structural-narratological approach. The thesis identifies relevant movement-building relays in the temporal, spatial, actantial, and social structures of the Occupy Wall Street narrative and traces their diffusion to the narratives of other local movements within the Occupy movement. Through this analysis, the thesis offers a novel approach to the study of contemporary global social movements whose diffusion is more often based on self-mobilisation and who demonstrate high levels of heterogeneity. Through the study of the Occupy movement, it thus seeks to provide a framework for which contemporary global social movements can be understood better.Show less
Climate change, environmental regulation, and the transition to renewable energy sources have a significant impact on the private and professional lives of workers in all parts of the world. In the...Show moreClimate change, environmental regulation, and the transition to renewable energy sources have a significant impact on the private and professional lives of workers in all parts of the world. In the absence of international law, multinational corporations (MNCs) are often relocating production to countries with insufficient social and environmental legislation, for the sake of profit maximalisation. Global union federations (GUFs) have started negotiating global framework agreements (GFAs) with MNC management to ensure the social rights of MNC employees in countries with inadequate legislation. As environmental strategies of MNCs are increasingly affecting employees, GFAs have been portrayed as a platform for union involvement in environmental issues. This thesis has investigated the potential of the inclusion of environmental issues in the GFA between the MNC Safran and IndustriALL Global Union. The results indicated that while the environmental clauses of the GFA had little concrete impact, the benefits of the inclusion are two-fold. Firstly, the creation of transnational social dialogue on the topic increased worker involvement on the MNC!s environmental strategy. Secondly, the GFA created conflict resolution for potential future labour conflict on environmental issues.Show less
Far-right has been a traditional debate and conflicting phenomenon since 1945. In this thesis I aim to demonstrate the changes that far-right discourse has undergone during the fourth-wave of far...Show moreFar-right has been a traditional debate and conflicting phenomenon since 1945. In this thesis I aim to demonstrate the changes that far-right discourse has undergone during the fourth-wave of far-right. In this analysis we use as a starting point, ‘the winning formula’ of Kitschelt that mainly indicates how the far-right tends to adopt the economical aspect in their discourse, especially in times of great social despair. In order to demonstrate this change, we are examining in this paper the following cases: the case of Golden Dawn, National Front and UKIP. In these cases, we are examining the political discourse of the parties, the relationship between the discourse and a crisis, to what extent the far-right is a danger to the present political system and lastly, their eurosceptical aspect. By answering these questions, and by proving the strong presence of economy within the far-right’s discourse, we aim to highlight the changes that the far-right has undergone, and how these changes are a path to normalization.Show less
A Gaze into the Past explores the evolution of Laura Mulvey's influential theory of the male gaze from its cinematic origins to its expansion into broader societal contexts, offering fresh...Show moreA Gaze into the Past explores the evolution of Laura Mulvey's influential theory of the male gaze from its cinematic origins to its expansion into broader societal contexts, offering fresh perspectives on gender, sexuality, and societal hierarchies. Marlieke van der Veer researches through two case studies of collections of erotic art in Pompeii, namely the Lupanar and the House of Vettii, the application of the gaze theory to Roman society, focusing on the second half of the first century CE. The analysis reveals that the dominant Roman gaze was aiming at the masculinity a Roman man was expected to embody, instead of gender itself. Therefore, the Roman male gaze was specified as the masculine gaze. This gaze revolved for a large part around the active versus passive roles in sexual intercourse. The study also explored a female gaze, presenting the idealized image of the "femina bona" in contrast to the antagonist, the prostitute, with women finding subtle ways of resistance. Additionally, she introduces the intersectional gaze, inspired by Kimberlé Crenshaw's modern intersectionality framework, demonstrating how intersecting features of gender, sexuality, age, and class shaped one's position in the In-group or Out-group and highlighting moments of power for marginalized groups. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of how the gaze theory can be applied beyond its cinematic origins, shedding light on the complexities of societal dynamics in Roman Antiquity and potentially other historical periods.Show less
The introduction of the concept of exaptation into the field of linguistics. A comparison of the history of the concept in evolution and linguistics. The various changes it underwent and the...Show moreThe introduction of the concept of exaptation into the field of linguistics. A comparison of the history of the concept in evolution and linguistics. The various changes it underwent and the transformation that was required to fit it into the field of linguistics. It further explores the impact it had on both fields.Show less
This thesis delves into the intersection of Buddhism, medicine, and art through the lens of seventeenth-century Tibetan paintings known as the Blue Beryl series. These intricate artworks not only...Show moreThis thesis delves into the intersection of Buddhism, medicine, and art through the lens of seventeenth-century Tibetan paintings known as the Blue Beryl series. These intricate artworks not only serve as repositories of medical knowledge but also reflect the cultural, religious, and political values of their time. Central to these paintings is the representation of indigenous Tibetan perspectives on spirit-caused illnesses, which focus on the existence of elemental spirits deeply rooted in local beliefs and landscapes. The research aims to investigate the indigenous Tibetan beliefs surrounding spirit causation and illness as depicted in the Blue Beryl paintings, offering a deeper understanding of these often misconstrued spiritual entities. By closely analyzing the iconography within these artworks, the study seeks to unveil the presence and significance of non-Buddhist beliefs and practices within Tibetan psychiatry, shedding light on a less-explored aspect of Tibetan medicine and spirituality.Show less
This thesis investigates the surprising number of shipboard insurrections during the transatlantic voyages of captain Jan Menkenveld and his former officers: David Mulders, Daniel Pruijmelaar and...Show moreThis thesis investigates the surprising number of shipboard insurrections during the transatlantic voyages of captain Jan Menkenveld and his former officers: David Mulders, Daniel Pruijmelaar and Willem de Molder. Compared to the other registered insurrections on Dutch slave ships in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, these MCC captains appear to have experienced the most insurrections on their triangular voyages. By carefully interplaying the muster rolls, ships’ journals and correspondence of their voyages on which insurrections occurred, this thesis traces the surrounding conditions aboard the slave ships and answers to what extent the captaincies kindled shipboard insurrections.Show less
Research master thesis | Classics and Ancient Civilizations (research) (MA)
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This thesis explores the way women in selected Euripidean tragedies engage with verbal communication and proposes that this female verbal repertoire can serve as a foundation for a feminist...Show moreThis thesis explores the way women in selected Euripidean tragedies engage with verbal communication and proposes that this female verbal repertoire can serve as a foundation for a feminist interpretation of the respective plays. Female interaction with verbal communication can be separated into three distinct categories: a) silence, b) song, and c) speech. Following this categorization, this thesis firstly delves into specific verses from Medea (259-268) and Hippolytus (710-723, 800-805) to indicate that female tragic silence entails a skillful manipulation of speech. Secondly, verses from Medea (410-430) and two fragments from Hypsipyle (752h 3-9, 759a 80-89) are examined to demonstrate how female tragic song can function as a lyrical form of feminine language. Thirdly, Pasiphae’s apologia (472e 4-12, 34-41) in the Cretans is analyzed to pinpoint how female tragic speech can be rhetorically constructed, serving as a springboard for self-exculpation and female empowerment. Drawing from French feminism and American post-structuralist feminism, this study orchestrates a dialogue between the Euripidean corpus and (post) modern feminist theory and indicates how a reader-oriented approach to the ancient texts can both honor a historically grounded reception of tragedy and suggest how modern audiences can imbue classical tragic texts with fresh meaning.Show less
Dat Nederland medio vorige eeuw beduidend meer sympathie voor Israël had dan eind vorige eeuw, is al langer bekend. Maar hoe het discours in Nederlandse kranten verschoof van Israël als slachtoffer...Show moreDat Nederland medio vorige eeuw beduidend meer sympathie voor Israël had dan eind vorige eeuw, is al langer bekend. Maar hoe het discours in Nederlandse kranten verschoof van Israël als slachtoffer- naar daderstaat, is nog zelden onderzocht. In deze scriptie staat de vraag centraal hoe het discours in het Algemeen Handelsblad (later: NRC Handelsblad) en Het Vrije Volk over Israël is veranderd vanaf de stichting van Israël (1948) tot de Eerste Intifada (1987-1988). Die vraag heeft als doel om te onderzoeken waar de basis is gelegd voor het huidige daderschap van Israël, en op welke manier dat expliciet en impliciet werd toegepast.Show less
De mode-industrie slaagt er volgens het onderzoek van Atik et al. (2022) niet in om de cultureel diverse wereld van vandaag te omarmen (Atik et al., 2022, 1141). Nederlandse modetijdschriften zijn...Show moreDe mode-industrie slaagt er volgens het onderzoek van Atik et al. (2022) niet in om de cultureel diverse wereld van vandaag te omarmen (Atik et al., 2022, 1141). Nederlandse modetijdschriften zijn echter wel verantwoordelijk voor de rol van taal en de invloed ervan op etnische inclusiviteit in de modejournalistiek. Deze scriptie analyseert daarom het taalgebruik in vooraanstaande Nederlandse modetijdschriften Vogue, Elle, Harper's Bazaar en Marie Claire, met specifieke aandacht voor de septembernummers van 2022. Door middel van een contentanalyse en semigestructureerde diepte-interviews richt het onderzoek zich op hoe Nederlandse modejournalisten zeggen om te gaan met etnische inclusiviteit in de beschrijving van modemerken, modeontwerpers en individuen en hoe dit wordt gepresenteerd door middel van taalgebruik in de modetijdschriften. De bevindingen van de contentanalyse tonen aan dat niet iedereen een afkomstaanduiding krijgt in de Nederlandse modetijdschriften. Opvallend is dat in de modetijdschriften een duidelijk patroon zichtbaar is, waarin de nadruk voornamelijk ligt op de afkomstaanduidingen van de niet-westerse modemerken, modeontwerpers en individuen. Dit verschil suggereert dat de modejournalistiek het Westen als norm beschouwt en andere etnische identiteiten als de 'ander' (Hall & Gieben 1992, 93). Ook kan volgens Verkuyten (1999) het toekennen van een bepaalde positie op basis van afkomstaanduidingen leiden tot uitsluiting (Verkuyten 1999, 25). Deze bevindingen worden bevestigd door de vier modejournalisten die in deze scriptie zijn geïnterviewd. Zij stellen dat de modejournalistiek vooral westers georiënteerd is door de grote modemerken en modeontwerpers. Ook komt naar voren dat wanneer bekende mensen worden opgenomen in modetijdschriften dit voornamelijk Nederlanders zijn. De conclusie van het onderzoek luidt dat Nederlandse modejournalisten aangeven zich bewust te zijn van het belang van etnische inclusiviteit bij het beschrijven van modemerken, modeontwerpers en individuen. Desondanks creëert het gebruik van afkomstaanduidingen binnen de modejournalistiek een contrast tussen het Westen en de ‘ander’, wat de etnische inclusiviteit binnen de modejournalistiek belemmert. Dit suggereert dat de modejournalistiek het Westen als norm beschouwt en andere etnische identiteiten als de ‘ander’. Het onderzoek wijst erop dat de etnische inclusiviteit in de modejournalistiek hierdoor niet altijd wordt gewaarborgd en dat de norm in de modejournalistiek westers georiënteerd is.Show less
As the volume of openly available digital data continues to grow exponentially daily, open-source intelligence methods have gained significant traction within the field of journalism, particularly...Show moreAs the volume of openly available digital data continues to grow exponentially daily, open-source intelligence methods have gained significant traction within the field of journalism, particularly for investigative news reporting. However, while this practice holds great potential for advancing journalism, it introduces a paradox between the ethos of transparency inherent in journalism and the privacy and security concerns of data subjects and brokers. This article delves into this contradiction by drawing on data from in-depth interviews with eight professional open-source journalists, shedding light on the underlying factors at play. By examining how open-source journalists perceive and navigate privacy issues while striving to achieve their investigative goals, it becomes evident that these journalists possess considerable power and awareness regarding the security and privacy of human data subjects and brokers. The findings of this study reveal that open-source journalists rely heavily on personal assessments and ongoing dialogues with colleagues to make privacy-related editorial choices, as there is a dearth of established rules and guidelines in this domain. Consequently, open-source journalists frequently engage with their organizations’ legal departments as they harbor concerns about potential legal ramifications. This research provides valuable insights into the intricacies of open-source journalism, uncovering the delicate balance between journalistic transparency and privacy/security considerations. It underscores the need for further development of privacy-related frameworks and guidelines specific to the realm of open-source journalism while highlighting the pivotal role of open-source journalists in shaping the privacy landscape within their field.Show less
In de Nederlandse samenleving komen steeds meer woorden naar voren die tegenwoordig als beladen of pijnlijk worden ervaren, terwijl ze vroeger zonder problemen werden gebruikt. Voorbeelden hiervan...Show moreIn de Nederlandse samenleving komen steeds meer woorden naar voren die tegenwoordig als beladen of pijnlijk worden ervaren, terwijl ze vroeger zonder problemen werden gebruikt. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn de termen 'blank', 'slaaf' en 'allochtoon'. Deze ontwikkeling speelt al geruime tijd en niet iedereen gaat hier op dezelfde manier mee om. In de culturele sector houden bijvoorbeeld steeds meer musea rekening met beladen termen (Tropenmuseum 2020). Maar hoe regionale en landelijke krantenredacties reageren op deze ontwikkeling, is niet eenduidig. Daarom wordt in deze scriptie onderzocht hoe regionale krantenredacties omgaan met stijladviezen voor beladen taal die betrekking hebben op afkomst en huidskleur, in vergelijking met landelijke krantenredacties. Allereerst is er een kwalitatieve inhoudsanalyse uitgevoerd, waarbij de stijladviezen die de acht kranten van dit onderzoek hanteren voor de woorden ‘blank’, ‘slaaf’ en ‘allochtoon’ zijn geanalyseerd. Daarna zijn er acht semigestructureerde diepte-interviews afgenomen met redacteuren van vier regionale en vier landelijke kranten. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat de regionale kranten van dit onderzoek meer stijladviezen hebben voor het gebruik van de woorden 'blank', 'slaaf' en 'allochtoon' dan de landelijke kranten. Bovendien maken de redacties van de regionale kranten meer gebruik van hun stijlgidsen, waarin in twee gevallen ook advies voor inclusieve taal wordt gegeven, in vergelijking met de redacties van de landelijke kranten. Eén landelijke krant gebruikt op dit moment geen stijlgids en twee andere landelijke kranten blijken geen stijladvies op woordniveau te geven. Daarnaast geven alle respondenten van de landelijke kranten aan dat hun krant volgend is als het gaat om het implementeren van beladen taal, terwijl twee respondenten van de regionale kranten aangeven dat hun krant vooruitstrevend is op dit gebied. De meerderheid van de respondenten erkent dat de betekenis van woorden kan veranderen en dat het bewustzijn over dit onderwerp is toegenomen in de samenleving. Echter, het onderwerp 'beladen taal' wordt door veel respondenten als complex ervaren, omdat de ontwikkelingen rondom woorden snel gaan en men het gevoel heeft dat alles onder een vergrootglas ligt. Op basis van deze argumenten kan daarom worden geconcludeerd dat de redacties van regionale kranten in dit onderzoek zich meer bezighouden met stijladviezen voor beladen taal die betrekking hebben op afkomst en huidskleur dan de redacties van landelijke kranten.Show less
