De opkomst van YouTube-sterren brengt nieuwe manieren om je te verontschuldigen met zich mee. Deze verontschuldigingen worden aangeboden binnen het zogenaamde actietype YouTuber apology. In deze...Show moreDe opkomst van YouTube-sterren brengt nieuwe manieren om je te verontschuldigen met zich mee. Deze verontschuldigingen worden aangeboden binnen het zogenaamde actietype YouTuber apology. In deze scriptie wordt onderzocht welke strategische manoeuvres worden ingezet in YouTuber apologies om tot een verzoening te komen tussen de beledigers en beledigden. Daarnaast wordt er ook gepoogd antwoord te vinden op de vragen “Hoe is het mogelijk dat de naam van een actietype niet strookt met de daadwerkelijke inhoud?” en “Wat zijn dan wel de voorwaarden voor het actietype YouTuber apology?” Om deze antwoorden te vinden, wordt er een corpusonderzoek gedaan op basis van checklists die zijn opgesteld aan de hand van de theorieën beschreven in hoofdstuk 2. Als eerste wordt er een volledige uiteenzetting van het actietype YouTuber apology gegeven, om daarna, aan de hand van deze uiteenzetting, de strategische manoeuvres die gebruikt worden in de YouTuber apologies te duiden. Al met al worden er twee strategische manoeuvres consequent gebruikt in de YouTuber apologies, namelijk het inspelen op de vriendschapsband met het publiek en het opwekken van medelijden door afbreuk aan het zelfbeeld. Deze strategische manoeuvres zijn beide van de categorie “aanpassing aan het publiek” en spelen specifiek in op de band die YouTubers hebben met hun fans. Het is dus meer van belang dat ze verantwoording afleggen aan hun fans, dan dat ze hun verontschuldiging aanbieden aan de originele beledigden. Daarnaast is het zo dat een actietype een naam krijgt van het publiek en niet van onderzoekers. Hierdoor is het mogelijk dat de naam van een actietype niet strookt met de inhoud ervan. Het is van belang om in het achterhoofd te houden dat een actietype niet gelijk is aan een taalhandeling. Wanneer een onderzoeker de randvoorwaarden van een actietype onderzoekt, is het dus aan hen om cultureel bepaalde randvoorwaarden te omarmen en niet om ze uit te sluiten.Show less
Soft power describes the influence a country has on another through the admiration generated by the recognition and appreciation of its intangible resources like its culture, political values and...Show moreSoft power describes the influence a country has on another through the admiration generated by the recognition and appreciation of its intangible resources like its culture, political values and foreign policy objectives. In essence, it captures a country’s attractive power. This thesis will aim to answer why Nigeria, despite its extensive soft power resources, is not recognised as having substantial soft power. After investigating the conventional understanding of soft power as presented by Joseph Nye, this work will map out some of Nigeria’s most influential soft power resources to showcase why Nigeria would be expected to be recognized as having significant soft power. It will argue that, besides issues regarding its credibility and public diplomacy strategy, Nigeria suffers from structural constraints. It illustrates how the common understanding of soft power is not neutral, rather it is shaped by a hegemonic worldview that is Eurocentric in nature, favouring “Western” states. This thesis aims to show how it is relatively harder for a country like Nigeria to be recognized as attractive or powerful due to the normative assumptions underlying the dominant ideas of what attractiveness and power look like.Show less
The traditional knowledge of indigenous people plays a crucial role in conserving various plant and animal species. In societies with a long pastoral tradition, they present distinctive expertise...Show moreThe traditional knowledge of indigenous people plays a crucial role in conserving various plant and animal species. In societies with a long pastoral tradition, they present distinctive expertise about herding animals, as they have been the main source of livelihood for many centuries. The goal of this study is to describe and analyze the ethnotaxonomy associated with shepherding and animal husbandry in the village of Morgongiori, Sardinia, aiming to show how traditional knowledge and biodiversity are encoded and classified in the language. The way in which Sardinian speakers talk about the domain of animal husbandry reveals how they categorize it and how they think about it; this study hence shows the important function of language as a key to understand speakers’ perspectives, and worldviews. Overall, this research sets a positive example for future studies. It provides an analytical approach to investigating the features of the Sardinian linguistic landscape, an area that has received little attention in linguistic research. The preservation of biocultural diversity goes hands in hands with the understanding and preservation of the linguistic practices of a community: these are key to understanding the traditional knowledge through which speakers make sense and interact with nature.Show less
Master thesis | Classics and Ancient Civilizations (MA)
open access
Ovid's curse poem 'Ibis' is a very elusive and obscure poem, which might explain why it has long remained in the shadow of Ovid's other exile poetry. One of the great questions of scholarship on...Show moreOvid's curse poem 'Ibis' is a very elusive and obscure poem, which might explain why it has long remained in the shadow of Ovid's other exile poetry. One of the great questions of scholarship on the Ibis is who the eponymous enemy is whom Ovid curses in the poem: who is Ibis? This thesis proposes a metapoetic interpretation of the figure of Ibis, thereby interpreting Ovid's enemy as a representation of the poet's pre-exile poetry. This is done by looking at intertextuality between the Ibis and Ovid's earlier poetry, specifically the Tristia and the Metamorphoses.Show less
Translation research that specifically involves museum labels, the small, wall-affixed plates adjacent to museum exhibits that include text about the exhibits in question has been limited,...Show moreTranslation research that specifically involves museum labels, the small, wall-affixed plates adjacent to museum exhibits that include text about the exhibits in question has been limited, especially when it comes to art museums and translation from one Germanic language to another. This thesis therefore primarily aimed to determine which translation procedures, i.e., which specific techniques used at a given point in a text, were used in the translated texts on labels of nine Dutch art museums in the Dutch provinces Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland that receive both national and international visitors. Since translation procedures are usually related to a translation strategy, an overall orientation of a translated text, a secondary aim of this thesis was to determine whether the observed translation procedures were related more to the translation strategy domestication or foreignizing. Not all the labels of the nine museums were included for research: only the labels of paintings from two specific time periods were, namely the Renaissance and the Golden Age. This selection was based on the assumption that it would be more likely that the translated texts on these labels would be adapted to the pre-existing knowledge of foreign visitors. The analysis of the texts on the selected labels reveals the application of twenty-two translation procedures. The majority of these procedures is linked to English language norms, which makes it possible to relate these to the strategy domestication. A minority of the procedures relates to the strategy of foreignizing as they involve the use of words that are uncustomary in English. This ratio is in line with the literature: it has been discussed that domestication is a more dominant strategy in translation than foreignizing. What is surprising is that there is a significantly lower percentage of procedures that relate to the strategy domestication in three museums. It is argued that this may be due to the fact that these museums are located in large Dutch cities and are popular with international visitors. It is suggested that the curators of these museums had a stronger preference for the application of procedures that relate to the strategy foreignizing because of the exoticizing effect that this has on their international visitors.Show less
The Casamance Conflict remains a critical factor in Senegal's contemporary political landscape, reflecting deep-rooted regional grievances characterised by long standing socio-economic disparities,...Show moreThe Casamance Conflict remains a critical factor in Senegal's contemporary political landscape, reflecting deep-rooted regional grievances characterised by long standing socio-economic disparities, political marginalisation. The region's unresolved tensions - similar to those leading to conflict outbreak in 1984 - continue to shape national politics, particularly in the context of the rise of anti-establishment populist Ousmane Sonko and the 2024 Senegalese presidential election. This study examined the interconnected roles of the Casamance and the localised conflict, Ousmane Sonko success, and the 2024 Constitutional Crisis. It sought to understand how "Low-Intensity Conflicts" and core-periphery dynamics have catalysed Ousmane Sonko's emergence as the dominant figure, influencing the longue-durée trajectory of Senegalese democracy. This study used a mix-methods approach, integrating fieldwork, expert interviews, media and literature analysis, and ethnographic obersations to reach conclusions on the Casamance's centrality to Senegalese politics in the 2020s. Findings indicate that the Casamance's socio-political marginalisation and systemic economic exploitation have catalysed Ousmane Sonko's political appeal and anti-establishment politics. The Constitutional Crisis of 2024, triggered by then-President Macky Sall, exacerbated core-periphery tensions and undermined national stability, cementing deep-rooted issues amongst the governing class. Ultimately, Senegal's unique political culture and regionally-distinct institutional resilience triumphed amidst a paradigm of regional democratic backsliding, leading to a peaceful transition of power. The findings of this study highlight the critical role of the Casamance in reshaping Senegal's future despite polemic marginalisation.Show less
Huidig onderzoek richt zich op de impact die menselijke nieuwsbronnen hebben op het journalistieke proces bij regionale en lokale kranten in Zuid-Holland. Uit eerder onderzoek blijkt dat een...Show moreHuidig onderzoek richt zich op de impact die menselijke nieuwsbronnen hebben op het journalistieke proces bij regionale en lokale kranten in Zuid-Holland. Uit eerder onderzoek blijkt dat een menselijke nieuwsbron op verschillende manieren invloed kan uitoefenen op een stuk, namelijk door inzage, autorisatie of veto (Bakker et al., 2013). Van verhalen uit de praktijk blijkt dat journalisten tegenwoordig vaker door de nieuwsbron worden verzocht tot inzage voor publicatie (Redactie Beroepseer, 2018; Van der Linden, 2022). De onderzoeksvraag die is geformuleerd luidt: Welke impact heeft de menselijke nieuwsbron op het journalistieke proces bij lokale en regionale kranten in Zuid-Holland? Het onderzoek richt zich daarbij ook op deelvragen die ingaan op hoeverre inzage en aanpassingen door nieuwsbronnen voorkomen, hoe journalisten hiermee omgaan en welke handelingen daarbij ontstaan. De onderzoeksvraag en deelvragen zijn onderzocht aan de hand van 11 semigestructureerde interviews met regionale en lokale journalisten in Zuid-Holland. Een deel van deze journalisten is werkzaam bij een grote redactie, een deel is gekarakteriseerd als een eenmansredactie (waar slechts één betaalde journalist de krant in elkaar zet) en enkele respondenten zijn freelancers. De resultaten wijzen uit dat inzage systematisch voorkomt in de regionale en lokale journalistiek. De mate waarin journalisten inzage toezeggen lijkt te verschillen per soort redactie. Ook aanpassingen buiten feitelijke onjuistheden om komen systematisch voor, maar in veel mindere mate dan inzage. Het proces rondom inzage en aanpassingen kost journalisten tijd terwijl zij al veel tijdsdruk ervaren. Desondanks verzetten journalisten zich nog regelmatig tegen aanpassingen door de nieuwsbron wanneer zij het hier niet mee eens zijn. Regionale en lokale journalisten rapporteren al met al dat zij nog met kritische blik naar aanpassingen door de nieuwsbron kunnen kijken.Show less
Possession is a foundational concept for humans to express, and understanding its intricacies is crucial to piecing together how humans experience the world. However, although possession may be a...Show morePossession is a foundational concept for humans to express, and understanding its intricacies is crucial to piecing together how humans experience the world. However, although possession may be a universal in typological linguistics, it has not been researched under a psycholinguistic. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to ascertain whether two languages’ (Irish and English) different representations of possession can influence how speakers process possessive sentences. The data was collected using a picture-sentence matching task with reaction time acting as a proxy for processing and the psycholinguistic variable of note. The statistical analysis showed that Irish possessive sentences were processed quicker than English possessive sentences. It was concluded that this effect derives from the embodiment necessary to make sense of active English possessives in comparison to passive Irish possessives. This implies that embodiment plays a role in processing possessive sentences in Irish and English.Show less
