Een onderzoek over de houding van de protestants christelijke politieke partijen in de jaren 30 van de 20e eeuw tegenover het vraagstuk van de joodse vluchtelingen.
This Master Thesis is written for the master Arts and Culture at Leiden University, with the specialization Early Modern and Medieval Art. In 2013, the canals of Amster-dam celebrated their 400th...Show moreThis Master Thesis is written for the master Arts and Culture at Leiden University, with the specialization Early Modern and Medieval Art. In 2013, the canals of Amster-dam celebrated their 400th birthday, a fact that inspired several authors in publishing books on this subject, most of them discussing several houses on the canals. This Thesis focuses on one canal house in Amsterdam, with address Amstel 218. This specific canal house is nowadays the location of one of Holland's largest and most important private art collections, the Six Collection. This collection has been located on Amstel 218 since 1915, and this study handles the period before this time. The chosen period is 1665-1800, from the moment the house was built until the end of the eighteenth century. This focus on the eighteenth century derives from, first of all, the fact that the Dutch seventeenth century or Golden Age has been rewarded much more attention in the existing (art)historical literature. Next to this, in the literature that does focus on the eighteenth century, a strong opinion is visible deeming this century less interesting from cultural historical viewpoint than its predecessor. This Thesis aims to bring focus to this period and hopefully uncover the lives of the people that owned a canal house in Amsterdam. The aim is to find out who lived in such a house, and to complete the face of these people, questions are asked such as: what did these people do professionally, were they born in a rich milieu or were they self made rich? What did their social surrounding look like, both professionally and in terms of family and friends and what were their interests, what did they do for recreation and education. To answer these questions, original eighteenth century archival documents are investigated to see what these home-owners did and what possessions they had. The goal of this Thesis is to give a face to these people, and see how the studied per-sons fit into the view that exists in current literature on the eighteenth century. This study will be carried out with the help from terms as formulated by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. These three terms are introduced in his book 'Distinction', that mainly deals with the topic of social stratification. The formulated terms are social, cultural and economic capital and are important in distinguishing a persons personal properties on a social, cultural and economical level. Abbreviated, social capital consists of the entire social network that a person has, both professionally and personally. Cultural capital is the collection of ones educational properties, together with for instance musical or creative talents, or the ability to speak different languages. Economic capital is the entire concrete possession of money, property and other goods or affairs that can instantly be translated into monetary value. These three terms are inextricably connected, because the growth in one specific area can influence that of the others. For example, expansion of economic capital can provide the owner with more social status. The other way around, social status or connections can provide jobs or other financial support and thus influence the economic capital. The first chapter elaborated these terms further, as well as it discussed Bourdieus influence on (art)historical literature. It also discussed the work of histori-ans Maarten Prak and Thera Wijsenbeek-Olthuis, whose literature on the Dutch eighteenth century is very important in this Thesis’ aim to draw an image of the lives of people in this period. ` The second chapter discussed the house itself and the entire history of its inhabitants. Amstel 218 was built in circa 1665, and archival documents show who owned the house from that day until today. As well as the history of the inhabitants, the chapter discussed all known architectural adjustments that the house has seen through the ages. This chapter unveiled that there were large differences in the duration of the ownership. Some owners stayed for six years, while others could last for thirty. In terms of the architectural history of the house, the extent to which the owners made adjustments to the house also differed greatly. The third chapter presented all the information found in archival documents, per owner. It discussed marriage, children, professional functions and religion of these owners, all discovered in original sources. Differences became clear in all aspects. While everyone got married, some families remained childless where others had five children. Amongst the owners were roman-catholics, Calvinists and a Baptist. The chapter discussed what these religious viewpoints meant at the time, as well as what their jobs represented. Several of the inhabitants were merchants, others had functions with the VOC and one of them worked as an auctioneer. This chapter also reviewed the information about their financial situation, derived from testaments or other financial documents. The fourth chapter discussed the lives of these people in their social historical context, guided by Bourdieus terms. In this chapter, it becomes clear that these people are exemplary of the social historical context, as formulated by different historians. The eighteenth century was defined by interest in science, a great divide between the poor and the rich, a longing for peace and quiet outside of the city and a great care for the exposition of status. Based on the original sources is concluded that these owners probably suited their time. This Thesis has tried to sketch an image of the lives of the people that lived in a grand canal house in Amsterdam, in the eighteenth century. Based on archival documents, we have learned what these people did for a living, what their social net-work could look like and what they had in terms of possessions. Although these people came from different social standings, they all owned the same house at some point. The sources disclosed that these people had more in common than just the house, for they shared some of the same interests and possessions, such as almoner ship, literature, religion, a love for the countryside and, most of all, the tendency to show off their social, cultural and economical status.Show less
Deze thesis gaat over het effect dat de invoering van de vingerafdrukwet, ingevoerd in 2007, heeft op de buitenlanders die Japan bezoeken of in Japan willen gaan wonen. Om hier een goed onderzoek...Show moreDeze thesis gaat over het effect dat de invoering van de vingerafdrukwet, ingevoerd in 2007, heeft op de buitenlanders die Japan bezoeken of in Japan willen gaan wonen. Om hier een goed onderzoek voor op te bouwen, wordt er ook gekeken naar de redenen voor de invoering van de wet. Aan de hand van het concept crimmigratie, wordt er kritisch gekeken naar deze vingerafdrukwet.Show less
Deze scriptie behandelt het scala aan kapseltrends die in de Romeinse keizertijd te vinden waren en bestudeert de ontwikkeling en de verspreiding van deze trends aan de hand van moderne modellen....Show moreDeze scriptie behandelt het scala aan kapseltrends die in de Romeinse keizertijd te vinden waren en bestudeert de ontwikkeling en de verspreiding van deze trends aan de hand van moderne modellen. Onderzocht wordt of de bevindingen uit de oudheid passen in moderne modellen over trendverspreiding en of er een alternatief model ontwikkeld kan worden dat specifiek voor de situatie in de oudheid geldt.Show less
In this thesis, I demonstrate the influence of the events of the Paris Commune on the ideological and personal conflict between Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin within the First International. In...Show moreIn this thesis, I demonstrate the influence of the events of the Paris Commune on the ideological and personal conflict between Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin within the First International. In their writings, both Marx and Bakunin depicted the Commune as a historical phenomenon that confirmed their own ideas about socialist revolution. To Marx, the Commune figured as an example of a strong, central workers’ government. To Bakunin, the Parisians’ insurrection was initially an anarchist revolution, until Jacobins took over control and tried to organize Paris politically, thereby denying its anarchist origins. These conflicting interpretations of the Commune intensified the ideological and personal rivalry between the Marxist and Bakuninist factions inside the First International. Marx and the General Council increasingly acted authoritarian while the Bakuninists openly defied their legitimacy. In this strife, both factions claimed the Paris Commune on their side. Finally, at the congress in The Hague in September 1872, the Marxists enforced their doctrines of political action and enhanced powers of the General Council, and overcame the Bakuninist minority by expelling its spiritual leaders, including Bakunin.Show less
Ten tijden van de viering van 100 jaar koninkrijk in 1913, speelde in Nederland zowel de polariserende kracht van de verzuiling als de samenbindende kracht van het nationalisme. In dit onderzoek...Show moreTen tijden van de viering van 100 jaar koninkrijk in 1913, speelde in Nederland zowel de polariserende kracht van de verzuiling als de samenbindende kracht van het nationalisme. In dit onderzoek wordt gekeken wat belangrijker was voor de lokale viering in de gemeente Wateringen. Voor Wateringen is gekozen omdat dit een katholieke gemeente is in het protestante Zuid Holland.Show less
Aan de hand van het album met aquarellen van Adriaen Pietersz. van de Venne wordt gekeken naar hoe mensen door deze schilder maatschappelijk en moreel werden gepositioneerd.
In dit werk is gekeken naar het academisch debat omtrent het stemgedrag bij Europese integratievraagstukken, daarnaast is specifiek ingegaan op de verwerping van de Europese grondwet door de...Show moreIn dit werk is gekeken naar het academisch debat omtrent het stemgedrag bij Europese integratievraagstukken, daarnaast is specifiek ingegaan op de verwerping van de Europese grondwet door de Nederlandse kiezers bij het referendum uit 2005. Aan de hand van verschillende opinieonderzoeken is onderzocht welke argumenten kiezers hanteerden bij het stemgedrag. Allereerst is er in de voorgeschiedenis aandacht besteed aan de totstandkoming van de Europese grondwet en aan de voorbereiding van het referendum. Vervolgens is in het eerste hoofdstuk onderzocht of er sprake was van een eurosceptisch klimaat in Nederland. In het tweede hoofdstuk staan de academische theorieën over het stemgedrag bij Europese integratievraagstukken centraal, deze zijn uiteen gezet en vervolgens getoetst aan de hand van peilingen. In het laatste hoofdstuk is specifiek ingegaan op de gehanteerde argumenten bij het stemgedrag door de Nederlandse kiezers. In de conclusie staat een samenvatting van de voorafgaande delen van het werk alsmede een weergave welke elementen hebben geleid tot het Nederlandse "Nee".Show less
Er is nog maar weinig onderzoek gedaan naar het verband tussen mannelijkheid en vrouwelijkheid en geweldsdelicten. Of deze idealen voor mannen en vrouwen invloed hebben gehad op veroordelingen voor...Show moreEr is nog maar weinig onderzoek gedaan naar het verband tussen mannelijkheid en vrouwelijkheid en geweldsdelicten. Of deze idealen voor mannen en vrouwen invloed hebben gehad op veroordelingen voor geweld is voor Nederland niet onderzocht. De onderzoeken die dit onderwerp behandelen richten zich uitsluitend op zwaardere geweldsdelicten. Er moet echter ook gekeken worden naar alledaagse verbale en fysieke geweldsdelicten. Op deze manier wordt er een beter beeld geschetst van de redenen waarom mannen en vrouwen een gevecht aangingen. Uit onderzoek blijkt namelijk dat vrouwen een groter aandeel hadden in lichtere vormen van criminaliteit. Het gevolg van de uitsluiting van vrouwen in onderzoek naar zware geweldsdelicten is dat historici te snel conclusies trekken en vrouwelijke geweldplegers gestereotypeerd worden.Aan de hand van een onderzoek naar geweldsdelicten in het arrondissement Utrecht lever ik een bijdrage aan de discussie over in hoeverre ideeën als ‘eervolle’ mannen en ‘huiselijke’ vrouwen in het Nederlandse rechtssysteem en onder de volksklasse waren geaccepteerd. De vraagstelling: ‘Zijn er in de vonnissen van geweldsdelicten door de arrondissementsrechtbank te Utrecht in de periode 1890-1900 aanwijzingen te vinden voor verschillen in behandeling van mannen en vrouwen die wijzen op het huiselijkheidsideaal voor vrouwen en de criminalisatie van mannen?’Show less
Een onderzoek naar wat de katholieke correspondent en vicaris-generaal van Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1517-1586), Maximilien Morillon, schreef over de Nederlandse opstandelingen, Habsburgse...Show moreEen onderzoek naar wat de katholieke correspondent en vicaris-generaal van Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1517-1586), Maximilien Morillon, schreef over de Nederlandse opstandelingen, Habsburgse legers en het beleid gedurende de jaren 1566-1576 (van het Smeekschrift tot aan de Pacificatie van Gent); en naar hoe zijn mening al dan niet veranderde. Dit aan de hand van de onderzoeksvraag: In hoeverre veranderde Morillons mening over de opstandelingen, vergeleken met zijn mening over de Habsburgse ("Spaanse") kant in de periode 1566-1576?Show less
Dit BA-eindwerkstuk heeft als onderzoeksvraag: Welke invloed heeft de mythologie rondom de martelaren van de Duitse Revoluties (1918-1923) gehad op de politieke cultuur van de communistische...Show moreDit BA-eindwerkstuk heeft als onderzoeksvraag: Welke invloed heeft de mythologie rondom de martelaren van de Duitse Revoluties (1918-1923) gehad op de politieke cultuur van de communistische beweging in Nederland en hoe heeft die mythologie zich hier ontwikkeld vanaf 1918?Show less
Na de sluiting van de Leidse Universiteit in november 1940 als gevolg van protesten tegen de Duitse anti-Joodse maatregelen, probeerden de nationaalsocialisten de universiteit vervolgens weer te...Show moreNa de sluiting van de Leidse Universiteit in november 1940 als gevolg van protesten tegen de Duitse anti-Joodse maatregelen, probeerden de nationaalsocialisten de universiteit vervolgens weer te heropenen. Diverse pogingen werden ondernomen om de Leidse Universiteit als nationaalsocialistische universiteit te heropenen. Ondanks steun van de NSB kwam er van een nationaalsocialistisch georiënteerde heropening niets terecht. Waarom mislukte nazificatie van de Leidse Universiteit?Show less
Abstract: Facing the end of the colonial state during the Mau Mau crisis in 1950s, Britain sought to reshape native Kenyans. This process was dependent on the construction of various imaginations...Show moreAbstract: Facing the end of the colonial state during the Mau Mau crisis in 1950s, Britain sought to reshape native Kenyans. This process was dependent on the construction of various imaginations of the Mau Mau. The British sought to eliminate the Mau Mau “sickness” by responding in a comprehensive manner to what they saw as the issues which precipitated its development. Politically, religiously, economically, and intellectually, the British tried to control this conclusion to the colonial period and shape the future of Kenya by “rehabilitating” those “infected” by anti-British Mau Mau sentiments and create new citizens in the British image. Missionaries, teachers, economists, agrarians, doctors, anthropologists, and government officials in Kenya would contribute various constructions of the Mau Mau upon which rehabilitation efforts were based. Whitehall tried to reform or rehabilitate Mau Mau in prison work camps and in communities, freeing them from the political and psychological constraints of Mau Mau in a variety of while also creating a new economic and political structure in the colony which would allow those who had been successfully been rehabilitated to stay loyal to the British and maintain a privileged place in this nascent state. This essay will explore the efforts of the British to create new citizens and their efforts to define the Mau Mau upon which these responses to the conflict were based. The British government recognized the threat of Mau Mau and the implication its demands for “land and freedom” could have on their control of the State, thus they placed great emphasis on trying to understand, explain, define, and then reform Mau Mau adherents. For the British, this process was contingent upon the development of a construction of Mau Mau identity, an effort manifest in the research of colonial representatives and in their plans for “rehabilitation”. While Mau Mau was, indeed, a movement amongst ethnic Kenyans, it was also the subject of various colonial constructions. The various manifestations of this ‘movement of the mind’ which Mau Mau represented was as much a product of the minds of colonial officials, subjects, and representatives as it was a construction in the minds of the Kikuyu. These conceptions developed in tandem, informing each other, and shaping the development of the state. ‘Rehabilitation’ was at once, a response to the rebellion and a construction in the minds of colonial officials and one imposed upon the Kikuyu, one which was as much a representation of the colonials’ understanding of the conflict as it was an attempt to construct in Kikuyu minds a vision of the future that was already manifest in the minds of those colonial officials trying to shape it. These different perspectives would exist in the minds of colonials who would attempt to actualize their conception of the phenomenon in their plans for reconstruction. As the conflict progressed and conceptions of the phenomenon of Mau Mau and plans to counter the rebellion developed, the various colonial and Kikuyu constructions of Mau Mau would shape each other.Show less
This thesis is about the life of the Surinamese women in the Netherlands. The Surinamese are one of the largest populations in the Netherlands. There has been a continuous emigration from Suriname...Show moreThis thesis is about the life of the Surinamese women in the Netherlands. The Surinamese are one of the largest populations in the Netherlands. There has been a continuous emigration from Suriname to the Netherlands for almost 40 years and it has always been an interesting question if the Surinamese people really could fully integrate in the Dutch society. Likeall women, Surinamese women have been trying to improve their position into society. Among other reasons, they came to the Netherlands for this particular reason. Whether it regards the structural integration or the socio-cultural integration,the Surinamese women have always been facing challenges while integrating. Because of these aspects and the still increasing arrival from the Surinamese women in the Netherlands, it is getting more important to investigate this particular demographic group and the possible integration challenges they may be facing. So, this study explores the question: “What difficulties and possibilities are experienced by the Surinamese women living in the Netherlands?"Show less
Mede door mijn stage bij DutchCulture (TransArtists heb ik mij afgevraagd welke visies er op de leerervaring en ontwikkeling van jonge kunstenaars bestaan in de wereld van de artist in residences...Show moreMede door mijn stage bij DutchCulture (TransArtists heb ik mij afgevraagd welke visies er op de leerervaring en ontwikkeling van jonge kunstenaars bestaan in de wereld van de artist in residences en hoe (Nederlandse) artist in residence programma’s zich verhouden tot de ontwikkeling van jong kunstenaarschap in vergelijking met Nederlands kunstonderwijs. Met deze bachelor scriptie wil ik de aard van de mogelijke bijdrage van Nederlandse artist in residence programma’s aan de ontwikkeling van jong kunstenaarschap onderzoeken en hun doelstellingen hiervoor vergelijken met verschillende visies op de beroepsvoorbereiding in het kunstonderwijs in Nederland.)Show less
