This thesis studies a seventeenth-century Dutch travel account titled Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling written by Frans Jansz. van der Heiden. The book was first...Show moreThis thesis studies a seventeenth-century Dutch travel account titled Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling written by Frans Jansz. van der Heiden. The book was first published in 1675 and had numerous editions between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Van der Heiden was a Dutch East India Company sailor made his journey to India in 1661. His journey was an unlucky one: within few days of his departture from Batavia, the former principle trading settlement of the Dutch east India Company, their ship Ter Schelling encountered a terrible hurricane and subsequently the author and his shipmates got shipwrecked on the coast of Bay of Bengal. After endured so many plights they managed to reach an island of Bengal. But Van der Heiden and his shipmate’s bad luck did not end there. In the course of the journey they had to join the Mughal army as conscripted soldiers and served the army for fifteen months. However, this fateful journey enabled Van der Heiden to visit some parts of eastern and north eastern India that is, Bengal, Assam and it’s neighbouring regions. During his journey he experienced the local culture, religion and society. He also made a close observation of the Mughal army and warfare. Upon his return home Van der Heiden published his book based on his travel experience. The book was written in a popular style of the period which offers sensational description of his journey and practical and real information of the areas he visited. The book has so far been largely neglected by scholars. Some scholars discard the importance of the book terming it as fictitious and unreal. They argue that the book does not provide real, interiesing and new information on Asia. The thesis demonstrates that apart from its sensational description,Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling provides real, important and new information on Asia, particularly India, which can be used by the historians writing on these regions. The thesis shows that the book provides information on the Mughal army and Mughal warfare which very few European and even Asian sources could supply. Apart from army and warfare the book gives valuable information on the rural economy and life of ‘subaltern’ people of these regions which may offer a new perspective in studying the early modern history of India.Show less
Several scholars recognize the significant transformation that the local elites underwent during the first half of the twentieth century (precisely during the period of Ethical Policy) in the...Show moreSeveral scholars recognize the significant transformation that the local elites underwent during the first half of the twentieth century (precisely during the period of Ethical Policy) in the Netherlands Indies. However, these scholars mainly focus on the transformation of Javanese elites and pay attention to administrative and political perspectives of this transformation. In this paper, I use Memories van Overgave along with additional reports to show that on Java and the Outer Provinces (mainly Sumatra) the local elites were not only involved in administrative and political matters but also in economics. Furthermore, under the increasing influence of the Dutch, the local elites developed into two different groups: the traditional and the new elites. As a result of the Dutch policies during this time, the traditional elite fundamentally changed in order to maintain their connection with the colonial government. In fact, they mostly shifted their attitude toward Western education from a negative to a positive one in order to fulfill requirements of the colonial administration reform, while barely changing their attitudes on economic and political issues. Interestingly enough, many of the new elites descended from traditional nobility and received Western training. However, unlike the traditional elites, they took part in business and political affairs. This new elite transformed the hierarchies within indigenous culture during the late colonial period and later went on to become the leaders of the anti-colonial movements in the archipelago.Show less
Hannibal Barcas and Scipio Africanus have been compared often by many authors, but only a few have studied both in depth and even fewer have actually compared them in a fair and equal manner. In...Show moreHannibal Barcas and Scipio Africanus have been compared often by many authors, but only a few have studied both in depth and even fewer have actually compared them in a fair and equal manner. In this Thesis I attempt to place both generals next to each other on three grounds: education, strategy and tactics. Very little is explicitly known about the first subject, but it's fair to say that both generals are very well trained when they recieve their position at the head of their army. Though Hannibal's study is aimed at being a general and nothing else, Scipio's is more aimed at becoming a political figure in ancient Rome, where public offices accompanied military ones. Strategically speaking there is a lot of confusion due to Rome and Carthage having different strategies than their generals. Despite this, Hannibal's and Scipio's plans are dominated by the lack of supplies, shaping and altering their ideas on winning the war. It has to be said that Hannibal has to contend with Rome from the start, making his road to victory a lot harsher and it begs questioning if it's fair to blame Hannibal for the power the structure of Rome's alliance. Finally tactically, the similiarities are obvious. Scipio has often been called a copycat, but unjustly so. Hannibal's envelopment tactic relies on him being on the defensive, whereas Scipio has to be on the offensive. This fundamental difference in style is easily overlooked. Based on these three aspects, it has to be said that a comparison between these two great generals has to be done with utmost care. Education is largely unknown field, due to the ancients themselves not exploring it. Strategic ideas are clouded by the aims of the cities themselves and underlying political territories they fight on. Most interesting of all is the tactical difference between them which begs for further exploration.Show less
Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, which consists of more than 17,000 islands. As an archipelago country, Indonesia has a maritime potential. Ironically, Indonesia does not have the...Show moreIndonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, which consists of more than 17,000 islands. As an archipelago country, Indonesia has a maritime potential. Ironically, Indonesia does not have the capacity to explore more its potential. This thesis describes that there are certain requirements that need to be fulfilled in order to achieve maritime power in the period before Indonesia, both economic and political. In this thesis, port development is chosen to represent the effort of the Dutch colonial government to enhance maritime power. The main question of this thesis is how did the Dutch colonial government of the Netherlands Indies exercise the maritime power in competition with the British in 1824-1914? To answer the research question, I worked with primary sources and secondary sources, such as Politieke Verslagen en Berichten uit de Buitengewesten, Haringhuizen-Schoemaker collection, 1872-1970, and some books that related to maritime development in Southeast Asia. I present political and economic development that contributed to the maritime power development. I also present six major ports development as representation of maritime power in the Netherlands Indies. The result shows that the Dutch colonial government the Dutch was able to fulfill the requirements to achieve maritime power by conquering the Outer Islands and their economic potential. The result also show that even though KPM (Koninkelijke Paketvaart Maatschappij)created a strong network of shipping lines they failed to maximize the effort to compete the British Singapore maritime power until the Great War.Show less
De Grieks-Romeinse droomtraditie waar het in dit stuk over gaat, is slechts een onderdeel van de Grieks-Romeinse cultuur. Net als andere tradities, was de droomtraditie onderhevig aan acculturatie....Show moreDe Grieks-Romeinse droomtraditie waar het in dit stuk over gaat, is slechts een onderdeel van de Grieks-Romeinse cultuur. Net als andere tradities, was de droomtraditie onderhevig aan acculturatie. Waar het dus om gaat is te onderzoeken hoe Grieks-Romeins de beschreven droomtradities wel niet waren. Jaren-, zelfs eeuwenlange contacten binnen de mediterrane wereld vormden de culturen die zich in de oudheid ontwikkelden.Show less
In dit onderzoek staat het commissarisschap van Dirk van Domburg (1648/49-1712) te Danzig in het eerste decennium van de achttiende eeuw centraal. Aan de orde komt de relatie van de Staatse...Show moreIn dit onderzoek staat het commissarisschap van Dirk van Domburg (1648/49-1712) te Danzig in het eerste decennium van de achttiende eeuw centraal. Aan de orde komt de relatie van de Staatse commissaris met het Danziger stadsbestuur en zijn contacten met de plaatselijke Hollandse kooplieden. Het was daarbij vooral het onafhankelijke karakter van de Hollandse handelsgemeenschap, in combinatie met de macht van de Derde Orde (de burgervergadering) over het stedelijke bestuur, die in hoge mate het aanzien van het Staatse commissarisschap bepaalden. Van Domburg moest zich daarbij manoeuvreren tussen de vrij autonome en individuele aard van de Oostzeehandel (met een gemeenschap van kooplieden die voornamelijk was samengesteld uit vele kleine tot middelgrote handelshuizen) en zijn wens om collectieve voordelen voor de Hollandse gemeenschap te bewerkstelligen.Show less
Het Rotterdams punkcollectief de Rondos waren actief tussen 1978 en 1983. Deze scriptie behandeld alle activiteiten zoals: de band (songteksten, muziek, artwork) het eigen opgerichte tijdschrift ...Show moreHet Rotterdams punkcollectief de Rondos waren actief tussen 1978 en 1983. Deze scriptie behandeld alle activiteiten zoals: de band (songteksten, muziek, artwork) het eigen opgerichte tijdschrift 'Raket' en de boeken die ze schreven. 'Raket' functioneerde als platform in een tijd waarin 'Oor' en andere muziekkranten nauwelijks of geen aandacht besteedde aan punk. Ter introductie van het onderwerp bevat deze scriptie een hoofdstuk dat uigebreid ingaat op het ontstaan van punk in zowel Amerika, Engeland en Nederland. De Rotterdammers hadden geen eenduidige politieke ideologie aanhingen werden ze wel degelijk beïnvloedt door het anarchisme en communisme. Rotterdam was in de jaren zestig en zeventig het Maoïstische bolwerk van Nederland. Ook het spanningsveld tussen de Rotterdamse en Amsterdamse punkscene zal aanbod komen. In deze scriptie wordt dus het brede spectrum aan activiteiten van de Rondos onderzocht waarbij de politieke ideologie centraal staat.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt aan de hand van het levensverhaal van drie criminele Joodse broers uit Amsterdam uitgelegd hoe men aan het eind van de negentiende eeuw en het begin van de twintigste eeuw...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt aan de hand van het levensverhaal van drie criminele Joodse broers uit Amsterdam uitgelegd hoe men aan het eind van de negentiende eeuw en het begin van de twintigste eeuw tegen criminaliteit aankeek. In de wetenschap was er een nieuwe discussie ontstaan over de aard van de criminelen. Lombroso concludeerde dat misdadigers slecht waren van nature en achtergebleven waren in de evolutie. Zij waren dan ook een afwijkende soort mensen. Hiertegen in opstand kwam de Franse school die vond dat men ook moest kijken naar de sociale omstandigheden. Toch kwamen zij uiteindelijk er toch ook op uit dat criminelen biologisch anders van aard waren dan 'normale mensen.' Hieruit concludeerde strafrechters zoals de Nederlander J.A. van Hamel dat wanneer men toch 'onverbeterlijk' was het ook geen zin had om hen langdurig op te sluiten. In Nederland had men namelijk net het cellulaire gevangenisstelsel ingevoerd. Dit hield in dat elke gevangene in een eigen cel werd opgesloten en daar soms jarenlang werd vastgehouden om zo tot 'bezinning' te komen. Uiteindelijk bleek deze praktijk te zorgen voor krankrzinnigheid en verbeterden de gevangenen juist niet. Maar het bouwen van cellulaire gevangenissen had veel geld gekocht en ondertussen was dit een heikel punt geworden in de politieke. Het duurde dan ook nog jaren voordat er eindelijk verandering in kwam en men niet meer eenzaam werd opgesloten. Terwijl men in de wetenschap en op politiek niveau druk bezig was met het beslissen over het lot van de gevangenen hadden in de praktijk politieagenten het meest te maken met criminelen. Ook de gebroeders Vet kwamen regelmatig in contact met agenten. Hoe agenten uit die tijd tegen criminelen aankijken blijkt niet zo veel te verschillen van hoe de wetenschappers erover denken. Ook de agenten lijken geen oog te hebben voor de omstandigheden die mensen tot hun criminele daden aanzet. Ook zij spreken zich over het algemeen minderwaardig uit over deze mensen. Uiteindelijk is er dan de pers, tegenwoordig gezien als de kritische noot in onze samenleving. Uit de artikelen waarin de gebroeders Vet voorkomen blijkt dat er van enige kritiek op de rechtsgang toen geen sprake was. Concluderend is er te zeggen dat de klassenverschillen toentertijd zo groot waren dat men geen enkel inlevingsvermogen had waardoor men ook niet kon begrijpen waarom mensen tot criminelen daden kwamen.Show less
Because of his military experience Powell knew which strategies would work and not work. He knew which strategies would benefit the success of a military mission. The outcome of the Vietnam War...Show moreBecause of his military experience Powell knew which strategies would work and not work. He knew which strategies would benefit the success of a military mission. The outcome of the Vietnam War left a big hole in the confidence of the invincibility of the U.S. Colin Powell kept himself busy with the question how it was possible that the U.S lost the Vietnam War. What were the reasons for military defeat, for loss of confidence by the American people and what strategies could have worked to make the war end in a success, or, whether or not the war should have happened in the first place? Powell thought about this throughout his military career, from the end of the Vietnam War until the beginning of the 1990’s. Powell came up with different questions which should be thought over and answered before the U.S could go into another international mission or war. These questions together are better known as the Powell Doctrine. From the end of the Vietnam War until the first part of the 1990s there was the establishment and the rising of the Powell Doctrine as military and political Doctrine. From the second part of the 1990s onwards the Powell Doctrine has come into conflict with a new way of intervening: humanitarian intervention and the fight against terrorism. The position of the Powell Doctrine has come under scrutiny. The Afghanistan and Iraq Wars had America question whether or not there was still a future for the Powell Doctrine. The ups and downs of the Powell Doctrine will be the red threat throughout this thesis. But more interesting has been the fact how Powell himself followed his own doctrine throughout his political career.Show less
Door de strategische ligging en de aanwezigheid van olie is de afgelopen decennia de rol van het Midden-Oosten in de wereldpolitiek belangrijker geworden. De Verenigde Staten ontwikkelden hiervoor...Show moreDoor de strategische ligging en de aanwezigheid van olie is de afgelopen decennia de rol van het Midden-Oosten in de wereldpolitiek belangrijker geworden. De Verenigde Staten ontwikkelden hiervoor de Twin Pillar Strategy, een strategie die de landen Saoedi-Arabie en Iran als belangrijkste steunpilaren voorzag. Door de Iraanse revolutie werden de presidenten Carter en Reagan gedwongen om deze te veranderen.Show less
Two major processes occurred in the east Asian region. One; the decline of the strong position of the traditional Chinese trading network and two; the start of major migrant streams originating...Show moreTwo major processes occurred in the east Asian region. One; the decline of the strong position of the traditional Chinese trading network and two; the start of major migrant streams originating from the Chinese mainland. Both of these processes made use of a similar infrastructure that was laid out over the seas. But was there a connection between the these two phenomena other than time? I use the Dutch port Batavia as case study to examine this problem.Show less
Unlike the general pattern in post-war Indonesian that the revolution dynamic swept the traditional rulers away—killing some and humiliating all, there was a great intention in West Borneo to re...Show moreUnlike the general pattern in post-war Indonesian that the revolution dynamic swept the traditional rulers away—killing some and humiliating all, there was a great intention in West Borneo to re-embrace to the traditional aristocracy, who were welcoming the return of the Dutch. On the other hand, revolutionary sentiment supporting the Unitarian-Indonesia rang weaker. Actually, during the short Japanese interregnum, the traditional sovereignty in West Borneo was devastated: all of the ruling sultans were killed, together with some prominent royal members. Interestingly, the traditional authority was soon restored, just after the capitulation. The questions for this research revolve around: Why did the revolutionary republican fail to emerge which meant that fragile commitment to the new nation Indonesia was shown? On the other hand, why was its political development strongly marked by the prevailing of “re-clientelism”? In doing so, this research traces back the political development focus on two rapid changes: post-kongsi war in the late eighteenth century and post-Japanese interregnum. It argues that although, post-kongsi war, Batavia intended to exercise more direct control over its margin, the colonial government eventually only institutionalized the ethic bossism which enhanced strong ethnic political identity. As a consequence, the society still lived within their-own ethnic columns with brokered authority but very limited aces to the state practice by which later provided only weak support to the newly independence state of Indonesia.Show less
In dit artikel wordt de ontwikkeling van de herinnering van de slag op de Zuiderzee belicht. De herinnering van de slag wordt onderzocht aan de hand van objecten en literatuur. De slag op de...Show moreIn dit artikel wordt de ontwikkeling van de herinnering van de slag op de Zuiderzee belicht. De herinnering van de slag wordt onderzocht aan de hand van objecten en literatuur. De slag op de Zuiderzee wordt vooral in Hoorn en Monnickendam herinnerd. In dit onderzoek wordt de herinnering van de slag tussen 1573 en 1800 behandeld. In het eerste hoofdstuk wordt de ontwikkeling van de herinnering van de slag in Hoorn aan de hand van objecten behandeld. In het tweede hoofdstuk komt de herinnering van de helden van de slag in Hoorn en Monnickendam aan bod.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
open access
2012-12-31T00:00:00Z, 2012-12-31T00:00:00Z
This thesis examines the content and form of the ambivalence displayed by indigenous inhabitants of North Formosa in their relations with the VOC servants in the seventeenth century (1642-1662,...Show moreThis thesis examines the content and form of the ambivalence displayed by indigenous inhabitants of North Formosa in their relations with the VOC servants in the seventeenth century (1642-1662, 1664-1668). It offers an ethnographic reconstruction of North Formosa, two narratives of the encounter with foregrounded indigenous characters, and an analysis of the name of Basay for a reconsideration of the nature of the Basay community. With its three experiments of historical writing, this thesis not only provides a reconstruction of North Formosa and its inhabitants but also reflects upon the potential of using non-indigenous sources to write indigenous history. The conclusion confirms that ambivalence is inevitable for the Basay who acted as the middlemen between local inhabitants and the Dutch in the North Formosan trading network, whereas other North Formosans like the River Peoples and the Kavalan felt freer to act according to their wills. Also, although non-indigenous sources show the potentials for reconstructing indigenous history, there are also challenges such as turning fragmented ethnographic details into a coherent ethnography and building the roundness of indigenous characters by foregrounding them in the chain of historical events. This thesis recommends ways to overcome these challenges and indicates ‘to be written’ as the burden of indigenous writers for a mixture of purposes.Show less
