In deze scriptie wordt gepoogd een overtuigend argument te maken voor het bestaan van een langer, gedeeld, ideologisch conflict tussen Amerika en Rusland, waarmee de Koude Oorlog te beschouwen valt...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt gepoogd een overtuigend argument te maken voor het bestaan van een langer, gedeeld, ideologisch conflict tussen Amerika en Rusland, waarmee de Koude Oorlog te beschouwen valt als slechts een gemilitariseerde, maar absoluut unieke, piek in een langere geschiedenis van ideologische antipathie. In dat opzicht sluit het betoog zich impliciet enigszins aan bij de school historici die de oorzaken van de Koude Oorlog primair, vaak in antwoord op revisionistische theorieën, zoeken in de rol van ideologie. Het antwoord wordt gezocht in bronnen die verhalen over de visie van voornamelijk Amerikaanse diplomaten, hoogwaardigheidsbekleders, journalisten, schrijvers, politici en academici in verschillende lezingen, publicaties en briefwisselingen. De nadruk ligt op de late negentiende eeuw.Show less
Was the TAZARA railway a successful instrument in the development of an economic nation state in Zambia? The effects of state, nation and market building on Kasama during 1976 - 1986
En este trabajo propongo una lectura de la novela La invención de Morel (1940), del escritor argentino Adolfo Bioy Casares, centrándome en la noción de la simulación, que resulta un mecanismo...Show moreEn este trabajo propongo una lectura de la novela La invención de Morel (1940), del escritor argentino Adolfo Bioy Casares, centrándome en la noción de la simulación, que resulta un mecanismo central en la obra como muestra ya el argumento narrado. En La invención de Morel la máquina hecha por Morel genera simulaciones. Crea imágenes holográficas que funcionan de un modo analógico. Esas imágenes son reproducciones de vida, tanto de personas, como del entorno. Las personas que el protagonista ve, son simulaciones. En La invención de Morel se explora precisamente el significado de esas simulaciones, y es esto lo que me interesa analizar. El trabajo está dividido en tres capítulos centrales que se corresponden con los tres aspectos de la simulación. Con la definición de Severo Sarduy se analizan los efectos de los tres elementos de la simulación en La invención de Morel para, consecuentemente, poder concluir al final cómo funciona la simulación en la novela.Show less
In the decade of the 1920s, the government of the Dutch East Indies passed two educational ordinances in relation to private schools: (1) Staatsblad van Nederlandsch-Indie 1923 No. 136 and (2)...Show moreIn the decade of the 1920s, the government of the Dutch East Indies passed two educational ordinances in relation to private schools: (1) Staatsblad van Nederlandsch-Indie 1923 No. 136 and (2) Staatsblad van Nederlandsch-Indie 1925 No. 219. The first ordinance indicated that nonsubsidized schools were required to register their schools to the government, in this case to hoofd van het gewest (head of regional administration), meanwhile the teachers obliged to report their teaching materials. Since this ordinance was applied, the government began to frequently use words “wilde particulier schooltjes” (wild private schools) on their reports in referring to nonsubsidized schools. The next education policy was Staatsblad van Nederlandsch-Indie 1932 No. 494 (“Toezicht-ordonnantie particulier onderwijs”), which also known as the Wild Schools Ordinance (Wilde Scholen Ordonnantie), began to take effect on 1 October 1932. This ordinance aimed to control wild schools. It worked preventively (vergunningstelsel) by requiring a permit before a private school was established. This preventive ordinance provoked oppositions since they believed that the situation was unfair as the restriction began to take effect while the government could not provide education for indigenous people adequately. The first reaction came from Soewardi Soerjaningrat—widely known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara, the leader of a private school named Taman Siswa. On 1 October 1932, on the first day of the implementation of the Wild Schools Ordinance, he sent a telegram to the Governor-General Jhr. Mr. B.C. de Jonge containing his objection on the ordinance. In his telegram, Ki Hadjar conveyed his plan on conducting passive resistance (lijdelijk verzet) in case the government persists on implementing the ordinance. Considerable supports for Ki Hadjar’s plan came from many sides, including political parties. On 13 February 1933, the government suspended the Wild Schools Ordinance by stipulating a new ordinance which was valid from 21 February 1933. Regarding the implementation period, the Wild Schools Ordinance was valid not more than 5 months counted from October 1932 to February 1933. According to this, this paper investigates the reasons behind the short implementation of the Wild Schools Ordinance. It was known that there were protests addressed to the ordinance, but the considerations taken by the government in suspending the ordinance is still unclear. Why did the government suspend the ordinance shortly after it was enacted? Most of the recent works describe the Wild Schools Ordinance only under a chapter themed education or nationalistic movement in the 1930s. There is no literature that specifically focuses on wild schools. Most related-literatures tend to use a single perspective, especially from the perspective of Taman Siswa. By looking to this fact, this paper attempts to explore in balance the sources from the government and Taman Siswa. By doing this, explanations from both perspectives can be acquired in order to investigate the case and to answer the main question thoroughly. The primary and secondary sources used by this paper rely on published archives, books, and articles. Based on the findings, this paper argues that the implementation of the Wild Schools Ordinance in the Dutch East Indies which was suspended in the early 1933s has shown (1) a colonial policy change which contains a democratic process and (2) sensibility under the frame of colonial relationship. At least, there are four reasons why the government suspended the Wild Schools Ordinance shortly after it was enacted. Firstly, the ordinance seemed not well-prepared in almost any aspects. Secondly, considerable resistance from indigenous people to the implementation of the ordinance has given great effect for the government to determine their measures afterwards. Thirdly, in facing the resistance to the ordinance it can be observed that a contestation over the repealing of the ordinance was inevitable. Last, a substantial role of the minister of colonies is unquestionable, since it brought a change in attitude of the government while endeavors from the others did not succeed.Show less
Onderzoek naar spoeddebatten vanaf 2004 t/m 2011 en in hoeverre deze functioneren als forum voor de Tweede Kamer. In hoeverre gebruiken politici het spoeddebat meer om te profileren dan om het...Show moreOnderzoek naar spoeddebatten vanaf 2004 t/m 2011 en in hoeverre deze functioneren als forum voor de Tweede Kamer. In hoeverre gebruiken politici het spoeddebat meer om te profileren dan om het beleid te beïnvloeden?Show less
Bachelor thesis | Griekse en Latijnse taal en cultuur (BA)
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Medea kent veel gezichten in de tragedie van Euripides. Vooral met man/vrouw-verhoudingen wordt veel gespeeld. Medea's rol in haar philia met Jason is dan ook anders dan de positie die vrouwen...Show moreMedea kent veel gezichten in de tragedie van Euripides. Vooral met man/vrouw-verhoudingen wordt veel gespeeld. Medea's rol in haar philia met Jason is dan ook anders dan de positie die vrouwen normaal gesproken hadden ten opzichte van hun philoi. Dit onderzoek gaat over het spel met deze man/vrouw-verhoudingen.Show less
Hoofdvraag: Hoe werkt de design cultuur van de kermis? Deelvragen: 1. Waaruit bestaat de design cultuur van de kermis? -De ontstaansgeschiedenis van de kermis -Kenmerken van de vorm en de inhoud...Show moreHoofdvraag: Hoe werkt de design cultuur van de kermis? Deelvragen: 1. Waaruit bestaat de design cultuur van de kermis? -De ontstaansgeschiedenis van de kermis -Kenmerken van de vorm en de inhoud van de op- en samenstelling van de kermis, de attracties en de decoraties van de attracties a.d.h.v. de kermis van Purmerend. -Van welke designculturen worden elementen gebruikt in de design cultuur van de kermis? -Wat zijn de laatste trends in de vormgeving van de kermis? 2. Wie bepalen de vormgeving van de kermis? 3. Welke concepten dragen de vorm en de inhoud van de kermis uit?Show less
In de literatuur wordt gesproken over de humanistische opvoeding die Isabella d'Este genoten zou hebben, net als haar broers. De scriptie beschrijft de kern van de humanistische opvoeding voor...Show moreIn de literatuur wordt gesproken over de humanistische opvoeding die Isabella d'Este genoten zou hebben, net als haar broers. De scriptie beschrijft de kern van de humanistische opvoeding voor mannen en vrouwen in de vroegmoderne tijd, laat zien dat er genderverschillen zijn met betrekking tot deze functie en laat zien hoe deze opvoeding een rol heeft gespeeld in de samenstelling van haar kunstcollectie, die voor Isabella d'Este een belangrijke functie had voor haar positie als vrouw aan het hof van Gonzaga.Show less
The advent of photography in Japan coincided with a period during which the country was about to undergo major change. The opening of Japan under the Meiji Revolution in 1868 would lead to the...Show moreThe advent of photography in Japan coincided with a period during which the country was about to undergo major change. The opening of Japan under the Meiji Revolution in 1868 would lead to the massive importation of Western technologies, and a rapid establishment of photographic studios soon followed. One social formation that arose at the time appeared to gain an increasing access to modern technologies; the photographic studio became a popular place to visit among middle class people, who demanded a portrait picture for the integration of the family into modernity and who used it to make sense of their fast changing lives. This thesis inquires to what extent the concept of Westernization was visualized in photographic portrait imagery and how it was shaped by the Japanese photographer and the middle class subject in particular.Show less
This Bachelor dissertation will focus on America’s policy regarding the Iraqi Kurds and their quest for autonomy between 1958 and 1975, in the context of Washington’s seventeen year-long Cold War...Show moreThis Bachelor dissertation will focus on America’s policy regarding the Iraqi Kurds and their quest for autonomy between 1958 and 1975, in the context of Washington’s seventeen year-long Cold War competition during these years with the Soviet Union for influence in Iraq. Was foreign policy of the United States towards the Iraqi Kurds contradictory or consistent between 1958 and 1975? What factors determined Washington’s policy towards the Iraqi Kurds between 1958 and 1975? And what factors caused it to change? These are the main research questions which should provide sufficient insight in Washington’s motives and goals which determined its policy on the Iraqi Kurds, and should explain how that policy finally took shape. First of all, Washington’s main policy interests in relation to the Iraqi Kurds during General Qasim’s regime from 1958 till 1963 will be examined. Second, the main U.S. policy interests regarding the Iraqi Kurds during the Ba’athist regime of 1963 and during the presidencies of the brothers Arif will be investigated. And finally, these same U.S. policy interests will be examined during the Ba’athist regime of President al-Bakr from July 1968, until the 1975 Algiers Agreement between Iran and Iraq. During these three separate periods, this dissertation will also focus on how these U.S. interests were eventually pursued.Show less
Consuming certain kind of products can shape someone’s identity and status in society. Within this framework, this paper looks at two representations of a specific place and period in time, the...Show moreConsuming certain kind of products can shape someone’s identity and status in society. Within this framework, this paper looks at two representations of a specific place and period in time, the Japan of the 1950s. Japan was recovering from the Second World War, its economy started to slowly grow again and consumption became an important matter in creating a homogenous middle‐class in society. Important in this process was the idea of “electrifying” households. This thesis looks at representations of consuming through the lens of cinema and analyzes how patterns of consuming electronic products such as the “three sacred treasures” (sanshu no shinki), the black and white television, the refrigerator and the washing machine, are displayed and what kind of effect acquiring these products may have on individuals and the people surrounding them. It leads to the following research question: In representing the elements of everyday life in 1950s Japan and displaying the effect of the consumption phenomenon and the electrification of society, what differences in the function of consuming electronics such as the “three treasures” are present in the films "Ohayō" and "Always: Sanchōme no Yūhi?"Show less
This research attempts to give a description of the verbal morphology of the moribund Mawayana language from the Arawakan language family. Little has been written about Mawayana, but there is a...Show moreThis research attempts to give a description of the verbal morphology of the moribund Mawayana language from the Arawakan language family. Little has been written about Mawayana, but there is a corpus of stories and elicited texts. That corpus has been used for this research. Several suffixes have been found, including valency marking suffixes and TAME-markers. Also quite a few clitics may occur on verbs, including the typical Arawakan pronominal elements. Other clitics do not have clear cognates in related languages and may or may not be innovations of Mawayana. In general, quite some restructuring of the verbal morphology has taken place in Mawayana and/or the closest related language Wapishana since the two split apart. The result in Mawayana seems quite chaotic, but this may be due to the limited size of the corpus. Still, there is some clear structure that becomes more clear once the many clitics have been divided on morphosyntactic or semantic grounds.Show less
The shy and mysterious YouTube-star Magibon provides unsettling perspectives on the social- and visual impact of reality television. Being subjected to the gaze of the unknown viewer, Magibon’s...Show moreThe shy and mysterious YouTube-star Magibon provides unsettling perspectives on the social- and visual impact of reality television. Being subjected to the gaze of the unknown viewer, Magibon’s case serves to investigate concepts of representation and consequently visual appropriation linked to the contemporary phenomena of online voyeurism.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt Derrida's opvatting over taal en betekenis nader bekeken. Hierbij wordt vooral gepoogd duidelijk te krijgen wat taal betekenis geeft. Derrida's eigen opvatting wordt...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt Derrida's opvatting over taal en betekenis nader bekeken. Hierbij wordt vooral gepoogd duidelijk te krijgen wat taal betekenis geeft. Derrida's eigen opvatting wordt duidelijk door zijn kritiek op de traditionele opvattingen over taal en betekenis die veelal een eenduidige betekenis vooronderstellen. Derrida rekent af met deze vooronderstelling en stelt daarvoor de différance in de plaats, die de grondslag vormt voor taal en betekenis.Show less
