This thesis makes explicit how the viewer’s interpretation of a photograph of the American road trip is affected when the car is used as an explicit impact on the photograph’s frame or blurredness....Show moreThis thesis makes explicit how the viewer’s interpretation of a photograph of the American road trip is affected when the car is used as an explicit impact on the photograph’s frame or blurredness. The thesis focuses on photographs of the American road trip specifically as the road trip carries particular significance in American culture, as do both the car and the road. The research done establishes that the viewer’s relationship with (a) the photographer, and (b) the photograph can be affected by the use of the car. In each case, the photographic styles discussed link the road and the car, as two connecting and connected objects that are important for the American road trip. By using the car to either create an additional frame, or to create two contrasting images within the photograph, the viewer, among others, becomes more aware of the presence of the photographer. By using the car to blur the surface of the photograph, the viewer can no longer look through the photograph, but looks at it before he/she can consider the object photographed, the American road.Show less
This research is about the use of the ba construction in Taiwan Mandarin. This construction marks the object by inserting the morpheme ba, and preposes it to the front of the sentence structure. It...Show moreThis research is about the use of the ba construction in Taiwan Mandarin. This construction marks the object by inserting the morpheme ba, and preposes it to the front of the sentence structure. It has also been called a disposal construction, since it denotes how the object is affected by the subject. Taiwan Mandarin is heavily influenced by Southern Min, a language which is spoken by a large proportion of the Taiwanese population. The Southern Min ka7 construction is very similar to the ba construction: it marks the object as patient and preposes it in the sentence structure. However, its use is also quite different from the use of the ba construction. In order to find out if this ka7 construction has influenced the ba construction, I took spoken example sentences from Taiwanese television shows and written example sentences from Taiwanese Facebook pages. The data from these sources suggests that in some cases the ba construction in Taiwanese Mandarin does behave differently, and some of the differences can indeed be explained by the ka7 construction.Show less
This thesis, by means of a case study shows how conflicts such as the Shida Night Market case in Taiwan show how various actors use framing to influence media and politics. This thesis has not only...Show moreThis thesis, by means of a case study shows how conflicts such as the Shida Night Market case in Taiwan show how various actors use framing to influence media and politics. This thesis has not only investigated what framing attempts were made, and how they were formulated, but also what gave certain framing attempts strong resonance while others remained weak. In the case of Taiwan this thesis shows that the definition of culture is an important aspect when gaining popular support, and culture is both defined as a remnant of Japanese colonial rule, or as Taiwan's attempts to be(come) something else than Mainland China but still have a cultural background that is Chinese. This in turn shows how Taiwanese nationalism is defined and shaped, and how it is utilized in certain situations.Show less
The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (CSPFTZ) has been established on September 29th 2013 in Shanghai. Shanghai has been the center of many historical events. In the 19th century, Shanghai...Show moreThe China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (CSPFTZ) has been established on September 29th 2013 in Shanghai. Shanghai has been the center of many historical events. In the 19th century, Shanghai was opened up to the outside world and forced to outside trade relations due to the Nanking Treaty of 1842 after the First Opium War (1839-1842) and was selected as a new port: the ‘Shanghai International Settlement’. The British, American and French settled in Shanghai and after 100 years Shanghai developed as the largest foreign trade port in China. Meanwhile, during the first Sino-Japanese War of 1895, China was mauled by a strong, Western influenced Japan. Attempts to reform China into a modern nation failed but after the 1911 Revolution, Shanghai emerged as a center of modern activities. The population doubled between 1895 and 1910 from 245,675 to 501,541 people as many Chinese were attracted by the city. During World War I (1914-1918) many people left while the diminished supply of Chinese export goods led to a higher demand of these export goods. Especially in the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai grew as many silk filatures, cotton mills, and chemical works emerged. In the 1930s, Shanghai’s Port served as the main shipping center in the Far East; the city was seen as a cosmopolitan city. However, in 1937 Japan bombed Shanghai and occupied parts of China again, which lasted until 1945. People lived under brutal circumstances under the occupation of Japan and the conditions to develop into a cosmopolitan city moved from Shanghai to Hong Kong. In 1949, the CCP, led by Mao Zedong, took power and focused on rural regions resulting in neglected cities; the nation controlled Shanghai and the city was forced to dispose of its cosmopolitan life. However, when Mao Zedong died in 1976, the balance of power changed: Hua Guofeng established the ‘Open Door’ policy in 1977 before Deng Xiaoping returned to power in 1978. The new policy led to the beginning of its modernization process and several Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were established mainly to attract foreign direct investment. Since the opening up until 1997, China attracted billions of foreign investment (US dollars) and by the mid-1990s, the economy moved away from a command economy to a functioning market economy. After 1978, China’s modernization process took off really quickly and created a gap between South China including its coastal regions and North-East China as the South and its coastal areas are developing much faster. Therefore, China can be divided into two different phases of modernization according to Rostow’s Five-Stages of Growth (1960). The South and its coastal regions can be assigned to the final phase of modernization while the North-East part of China can be assigned to phase three. The SEZs which have been established since 1978 are particular geographic regions in countries used to encourage export services, industry, and manufacturing. In China, initially four SEZs were established in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen and Shantou to test the new policies and new institutions for the market-oriented economy in order to improve China’s economy. The role SEZs, and especially Shenzhen, played in China’s modernization process was quite apparent as average annual growth has been 9.4 percent since the 1980s: the SEZs boost China’s economy and moved towards a more technology-intensive and higher-value economy. 34 years later, on 29th September 2013, a new SEZ was established in Pudong, Shanghai: the CSPFTZ. The CSPFTZ has been established to enhance China’s economic position globally and to develop a new, replicable financial and administrative system which can be implemented in every region of the country. Nevertheless, the privileged status of ‘special’ is diminished since there are already many SEZs in China. However, as analysis shows, the zone operates differently from the majority of the SEZs which enables the CSPFTZ to offer enough advantages to attract foreign investors to be successful. The chances of success nonetheless depend on the government. The government encourages so many aspects and is experimenting with so many measures that the chance of success is questioned. But, if the government is able to achieve its aims, the CSPFTZ can be successful and could contribute to China’s South and coastal regions’ modernization process as the leading sectors shift towards more durable consumer goods and services in Rostow’s final phase.Show less
Vorstelijke gerechtshoven als de Grote Raad te Mechelen en de Admiraliteit te Veere waren deel van de machtscentralisatie in de 16e eeuwse Habsburgse Nederlanden, en van de verspreiding van het...Show moreVorstelijke gerechtshoven als de Grote Raad te Mechelen en de Admiraliteit te Veere waren deel van de machtscentralisatie in de 16e eeuwse Habsburgse Nederlanden, en van de verspreiding van het Romeins-canonieke procesrecht en verschriftelijking van de rechtspraak. Dit is een studie naar de procedures en de rol van politieke belangen in de rechtspraak aan de Admiraliteit en Grote Raad in de jaren vijftig van de zestiende eeuw.Show less
This thesis discusses excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben, who travelled Egypt in the seventeenth century as a collector for the Royal Library of the French King. Because...Show moreThis thesis discusses excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben, who travelled Egypt in the seventeenth century as a collector for the Royal Library of the French King. Because attention has mainly been focused on his descriptions of Coptic Egypt this edition serves to give credit to the descriptions of Pharaonic buildings and sites.Show less
This thesis gives an overview of the developments in scholars'awareness and attitudes towards open access publishing between 1992 and 2014. The results show that awareness and attitudes change as...Show moreThis thesis gives an overview of the developments in scholars'awareness and attitudes towards open access publishing between 1992 and 2014. The results show that awareness and attitudes change as open access publishing itself changes.Show less
Overgeneralisatie is een bekend verschijnsel in het proces van kinder- en tweedetaalverwerving. In het Nederlands treedt overgeneralisatie op ook bij het verwerven van werkwoorden. Bij de verleden...Show moreOvergeneralisatie is een bekend verschijnsel in het proces van kinder- en tweedetaalverwerving. In het Nederlands treedt overgeneralisatie op ook bij het verwerven van werkwoorden. Bij de verleden tijd van lopen zal een kind bv *loopte zeggen voordat hij de juiste vorm liep heeft verworven. Eerder onderzoek (Lalleman, Van Santen & Van Heuven, 1997, Lalleman & Van Santen, 1993) laat zien dat Nederlandstalige kinderen en tweedetaalleerders van het Nederlands vaak regelmatige (zwakke) verleden-tijdsvormen gebruiken bij onregelmatige (sterke) werkwoorden tijdens het verwervingsproces. Ook als de verwerving compleet is blijven sommige zwakke vormen van sterke werkwoorden in gebruik (bv. ervaren - ervaarde). De data van eerder onderzoek (Lalleman et al., 1997) laten zien dat tweedetaalleerders ook sterke vormen gebruiken bij zwakke werkwoorden en dit wordt ‘irregularisatie’ genoemd. Het huidige onderzoek richt zich op overgeneralisatie en irregularisatie bij jonge volwassen moedertaalsprekers en tweedetaalleerders. De hypotheses zijn: (1) overgeneralisatie komt in zekere mate voor bij T1-sprekers en in sterkere mate bij T2-sprekers. (2) T2-sprekers maken irregularisaties bij zwakke werkwoorden die lijken op sterke werkwoorden. (3) Als een werkwoord een zwakke en sterke vorm heeft, kiezen zowel T1-sprekers als T2-sprekers de zwakke vorm. Vierentachtig werkwoorden in drie condities werden gekozen: sterk, zwak en met beide vormen. De woorden waren zo infrequent mogelijk omdat daarmee een grotere kans is op overgeneralisatie of irregularisatie. Tweeëntwintig Nederlandse moedertaalsprekers en 17 hoogopgeleide gevorderde tweedetaalleerders met diverse moedertalen namen deel. Iedereen kreeg een lijst zinnen waarin de verleden-tijdsvorm van de testwoorden (gepresenteerd als infinitief) moest worden ingevuld, zonder daarbij hulpmiddelen te gebruiken. Alle drie hypotheses worden bevestigd. Opvallend is dat moedertaalsprekers in enkele gevallen ook irregularisaties vormen bij zwakke werkwoorden (bv. optuigen – *toog op).Show less
Master thesis | Classics and Ancient Civilizations (MA)
closed access
The Abdication Scene in the Syriac Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius was influenced by George of Pisidias' In Restitutionem, the only major contemporary testimony to Heraclius' restoration of the...Show moreThe Abdication Scene in the Syriac Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius was influenced by George of Pisidias' In Restitutionem, the only major contemporary testimony to Heraclius' restoration of the Cross to Jerusalem in 630 C.E. The importance of Jerusalem and the centrality of Golgotha, the presentation of an idealized Christian emperor who is in conformity with the image of his righteous predecessors, the crown-Cross motif, as well as the subject of the Eschaton, are all crucial themes present in George's poem and which appear to have been adopted by the author of Pseudo-Methodius. Furthermore, the theological framework and the Byzantine imperial ideology within which Heraclius and the Byzantine Empire functioned, is also apparent in the Abdication Scene. This paper breaks from the traditional approach to explaining the scene on the basis of earlier Syriac texts such as the Alexander Legend and the Cave of Treasures. Although these older arguments have their strong points, they are based on the idea that a Syriac composition of the seventh century, must have received its influences from earlier Syriac sources. It does not allow for the possibility of external influences. Furthermore, these arguments attempt to show how themes and motifs found in earlier Syriac works, such as the centrality of Golgotha in the Cave of Treasures, are genuinely Syriac, when in fact they are to be found throughout early Jewish and Hellenistic writings. Thus, contrary to the previous assumptions made, this paper shows through a comparative analysis of the respective texts, that the pivotal scene in the Syriac Apocalypse was directly influenced by the poetical testimony to the restoration of the Cross.Show less
Sociale media krijgen een steeds belangrijkere rol in de wereldwijde nieuwsconsumptie. Nieuwsorganisaties spelen hier op in door een selectie van hun content op sociale media te delen. Het publiek...Show moreSociale media krijgen een steeds belangrijkere rol in de wereldwijde nieuwsconsumptie. Nieuwsorganisaties spelen hier op in door een selectie van hun content op sociale media te delen. Het publiek kan aan de slag met de content: sharen, liken en commenten zijn ingeburgerde termen. Maar hoewel er veel onderzoek is gedaan naar nieuwsselectiecriteria voor traditionele nieuwsmedia, ontbreekt onderzoek naar de eigenschappen die nieuwsberichten op sociale media ‘sociaal’ maken: berichten die veel likes, comments en shares ontvangen. Binnen deze masterscriptie is onderzocht in hoeverre de nieuwsselectiecriteria van Harcup en O’Neill (2001) invloed hebben op de mate waarin mensen interageren met nieuwsberichten op de Facebookpagina van de NOS. Berichten die voldoen aan de nieuwsselectiecriteria bekende mensen, entertainment, verrassing en goed nieuws leveren significant meer likes op. Het criterium verrassing levert ook significant meer comments en shares op. Voor de criteria slecht nieuws en magnitude geldt het omgekeerde: zij genereren significant minder likes. Berichten die voldoen aan het criterium entertainment leveren significant minder comments op. Foto’s, fotoalbums en hypertekst leveren significant meer likes op. Bovendien leveren foto’s en hypertekst ook meer comments en shares op. Slechts een aantal nieuwselectiecriteria kan verklaren dat een bericht als ‘sociaal’ wordt beschouwd, en zodoende interactie in de vorm van likes, comments en shares genereert. De nieuwsselectiecriterialijst moet dan ook herzien worden voor sociale media, indien interactie van het publiek met de content een van de na streven doelen is.Show less
Bachelor thesis | Film- en literatuurwetenschap (BA)
open access
2014-08-29T00:00:00Z
Most research on the representation of 9/11 is focused on commemoration, trauma, patriotism and conspiracy theories on terrorism, mainly including research on ideological issues or the politics...Show moreMost research on the representation of 9/11 is focused on commemoration, trauma, patriotism and conspiracy theories on terrorism, mainly including research on ideological issues or the politics surrounding 9/11. These topics have been mostly discussed in reference to literature, but less attention has been paid to representation in film or commercials. It is however exactly these two media that address an important discussion in how media intrude the topic of 9/11 into an unexpected genre, and manage to shape this genre to convey a temporal interaction between the two. The viewers of these two media are being confronted with the image of the two towers, an image that reminds them of something that has already taken place. The suggestion is therefor made that in the film, when the protagonist is standing inside one of the Twin Towers, he is doomed. As it is also implied that if the smoker will not stop smoking after having seen the dramatic advertisement, he shall also be doomed. These two images therefore explore a complex interaction between past and future; between the already taken place attack on the Twin Towers and the continuous confrontation with it in the ongoing future. 9/11 is therefore not merely an event of the past, but is also used to construct a certain image of the future. It is this constant addressing of one and the same event, making it an applicable theme to different media items, that portrays how confused we still are by its unreal unexpectedness. Due to this need for constant repetition, as Derrida states, “for repetition always protects by neutralizing, deadening, distancing a traumatism” (7/8), media tend to apply the event of 9/11 to problematic frames in debatable constructs.Show less
