Hoewel de historiografie de VOC als militair dominant op zee beschouwt verloren de Nederlanders consequent van de Angrianen. Dit onderzoek achterhaalt waarom dit het geval is en of deze verliezen...Show moreHoewel de historiografie de VOC als militair dominant op zee beschouwt verloren de Nederlanders consequent van de Angrianen. Dit onderzoek achterhaalt waarom dit het geval is en of deze verliezen een incident vormden of een achterliggende zwakte blootlegden. Na een politieke en militaire benadering stelt de conclusie dat er structurele zwaktes aan de kant van de VOC te vinden zijn die de veronderstelling van haar militaire dominantie sterk ondermijnt.Show less
This thesis defines slavery in eighteenth-century Cochin. By relying on courtcases and acts of transport, this thesis shows how slavery in eighteenth-century Cochin is connected with caste, VOC-law...Show moreThis thesis defines slavery in eighteenth-century Cochin. By relying on courtcases and acts of transport, this thesis shows how slavery in eighteenth-century Cochin is connected with caste, VOC-law and categorization, and local power structures.Show less
In de 17e en 18e eeuw voerde de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie handel op de Malabarkust. De belangrijkste reden waarom ze in dit gebied handel dreven was de grote hoeveelheid peper van...Show moreIn de 17e en 18e eeuw voerde de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie handel op de Malabarkust. De belangrijkste reden waarom ze in dit gebied handel dreven was de grote hoeveelheid peper van hoogwaardige kwaliteit waar deze organisatie een monopoliepositie over probeerde te verkrijgen. Om dit streven te bewerkstelligen was het voor de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie noodzakelijk om goede relaties te onderhouden met de vier grote rijken in dit gebied (en met name het rijk Cochin) en de grote hoeveelheid kleinere rijken in dit gebied. De heersers van deze rijken hadden echter vaak een ander idee over hun relatie met de Compagnie waardoor er vaak onderlinge verschillen waren tussen de verschillende partijen. Op de problematiek in dit gebied worden theorieen zoals de theatre state, segmented state en de patrimonial state op los gelaten waardoor er een beter beeld naar voren komt van de verschillen in optiek van de verschillende partijen.Show less
Early modern globalization is not only about exchange of goods by seas and circulation of knowledge by urban elite, it also took place in remote commodity frontiers where unique frontier society...Show moreEarly modern globalization is not only about exchange of goods by seas and circulation of knowledge by urban elite, it also took place in remote commodity frontiers where unique frontier society had formed because of the convergence of influence from different agricultural traditions. This thesis aims to fill a gap in the studies of frontier society, that is, the absence of plantation society in early modern Asian history. By exploring the archives of the Dutch East India Company (the VOC) in Den Haag and Jakarta, the untold history of the emergence of Asian sugar plantations in the Dutch East Indies is for the first time fully exhibited. This history offers us an intriguing perspective to think how Chinese agricultural tradition and Dutch rural instituion converged and how that convergence led to divergent sugar societies in Dutch Formosa and in the Ommelanden of Batavia. It also gives us a unique example to compare with the well-known plantation society in the Atlantic and the so-called small-household economy in China. It is after all a global history in a rural society.Show less
Aan de hand van de Generale Missiven geeft de scriptie een beeld bij de beweegredenen van de Hoge Regering bij hun militaire ingrijpen in Makassar en Bantam eind zeventiende eeuw. De scriptie...Show moreAan de hand van de Generale Missiven geeft de scriptie een beeld bij de beweegredenen van de Hoge Regering bij hun militaire ingrijpen in Makassar en Bantam eind zeventiende eeuw. De scriptie concludeert dat de interventies geen onderdeel van een vooropgestelde strategie waren, maar ongepland waren. De veroveringen waren reluctant imperialism als gevolg van het beleid uit de jaren 1620.Show less
The seventeenth century is special for the Dutch for many reasons. Both Arabic studies in Leiden University and the trade in the Middle East reached their height in the seventeenth century. This...Show moreThe seventeenth century is special for the Dutch for many reasons. Both Arabic studies in Leiden University and the trade in the Middle East reached their height in the seventeenth century. This thesis studies to what extent the intensified contacts with the Middle East had an impact on seventeenth-century Dutch Arabic studies. It indicates that the building of the network of people, as a result of the ever-growing contacts, changed the essence of Arabic studies from a study of the Arabic language to a study covering different subjects about the Arabic world. The development of Arabic studies in Leiden later interacted the production of knowledge in other academic fields in Europe and arguably contributed to the Enlightenment.Show less
Small war has only really been studied in a (western) European context and the methodology is usually to look back in time to find "antecedents". In this thesis, after an introductory chapter...Show moreSmall war has only really been studied in a (western) European context and the methodology is usually to look back in time to find "antecedents". In this thesis, after an introductory chapter explaining small war as a concept and elucidating what kind of soldier is ideally suited to it by means of three 18th century treatises, the subject is approached from the angle of nomadic warfare, starting in the steppes of Eurasia and moving west through Russia and Hungary. It is argued that there is a nomad continuum with the classic nomadic warrior on one side and the pseudo-nomad on the other end, exemplified in the Hungarian Hussar, with the semi-nomad inbetween represented by the Cossack. The expertise of all these warriors lies in small war, and the difference between them lies in their operational range and their potential deployment range, as well as some territorial concerns.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt onderzocht wat P.A.S. van Limburg Brouwer (1829-1873) ertoe dreef het Oude India te bestuderen. Daartoe wordt Van Limburg Brouwer op vier vlakken geanalyseerd: als filosoof,...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt onderzocht wat P.A.S. van Limburg Brouwer (1829-1873) ertoe dreef het Oude India te bestuderen. Daartoe wordt Van Limburg Brouwer op vier vlakken geanalyseerd: als filosoof, als Indoloog, als politicus en als literair schrijver. Deze scriptie laat zien dat Van Limburg Brouwer er een Duits-idealistisch spinozistisch wereldbeeld op nahield, dat uiteindelijk in zijn roman "Akbar" ten volle tentoongesteld werd.Show less
Er zijn boekenkasten vol geschreven over de verovering van India door de Britse East India Company (EIC) vanaf het midden van de 18e eeuw. Een van de eerste Britse historici in India, de Schot...Show moreEr zijn boekenkasten vol geschreven over de verovering van India door de Britse East India Company (EIC) vanaf het midden van de 18e eeuw. Een van de eerste Britse historici in India, de Schot Alexander Dow (1735/6-1779), is echter grotendeels vergeten. Het doel van het onderzoek dat aan deze scriptie ten grondslag lag, was om uit te vinden of dit terecht is. Dow – EIC-militair, vertaler, oriëntalist, filosoof en toneelschrijver – komt uit de historiografie naar voren als een complex figuur: kritisch ten opzichte van zijn werkgever, positief over de Islamitische heersers van India, maar voor een totale verovering van het subcontinent. Door middel van een vergelijkende bronnenanalyse waarbij Dows werken naast die van zijn tijdgenoten zijn gelegd, is gepoogd om Dows werken te interpreteren in zijn eigen context in plaats van hem te toetsen aan bestaande concepten over oriëntalisme en kolonialisme. Dow blijkt in eerste plaats een militair te zijn, die de geschiedenis van de Islamitische dynastieën per toeval ‘ontdekte’. Hij maakte deze informatie publiek voor zijn tijdgenoten en zijn werkgever gedeeltelijk omwille van verlichte denkbeelden, maar vooral omwille van eigen doeleinden.Show less
Hoe religie en de natuur op bepaalde punten samen lijken te komen volgens Charles Dupuis en George Faber. Twee perspectieven uit dezelfde tijd. Een Franse en een Engelse gedachte zien verbanden...Show moreHoe religie en de natuur op bepaalde punten samen lijken te komen volgens Charles Dupuis en George Faber. Twee perspectieven uit dezelfde tijd. Een Franse en een Engelse gedachte zien verbanden maar ook verschillen, hoe is dit verklaarbaar?Show less
Mountain Crossroads: The Tomb of Sunan Tembayat in Mountain Jabalkat as Source of Javanese Religious Authority By Adieyatna Fajri For religious man, space or landscape is not homogeneous; they are...Show moreMountain Crossroads: The Tomb of Sunan Tembayat in Mountain Jabalkat as Source of Javanese Religious Authority By Adieyatna Fajri For religious man, space or landscape is not homogeneous; they are qualitatively different from others. In this regards landscapes are covering both of sacred and profane which resulted from binnary opposition system of human language and thought, in which two theoretical opposites are strictly defined and set off against one another. For the Javanese, mountain has long been perceived as a sacred place inhabited with unseen world which may pervade great mystical power. Within the new Islamic era, saint’s tombs become another characteristic feature of sacred mountain of Java. For the Javanese rulers, the Islamic saints presence on the mountain appeared to enhance their authority by legitimizing them. Through examining Hindu-Buddhist inscriptions, traditional Javanese sources and Dutch archives, this research try to reveal the importance of Javanaese mountain which is reperesented by Mount Jabalkat along with Sunan Tembayat’s tomb as a source of religious authority particulary in the reign of Sultan Agung from Mataram in the 17th century. Furthermore, this research also discuss the relationship of the idea of Javanese sacred landscape in the Indo-Islamic context. In conclusion, Within naturally diversed political faction, mountain along with its saints appeared to be a potent of religious power which should be propitiated properly or it could otherwise ignite religious insurgences toward the royal court.Show less
Pieter Albert Bik (1798-1855), a Dutch colonial official, left behind an unpublished manuscript detailing his travels during his career both in Asia, especially in Japan and the Dutch East Indies,...Show morePieter Albert Bik (1798-1855), a Dutch colonial official, left behind an unpublished manuscript detailing his travels during his career both in Asia, especially in Japan and the Dutch East Indies, and in Europe, notably along the Rhine. A close examination of the manuscript suggests that Bik's interpretation of his travel experiences in Europe and overseas were remarkably similar, and that both were influenced by the burgeoning phenomenon of European tourism that was taking root along the Rhine at the time. A close reading of this source, and a brief comparative analysis, show that tourism indeed influenced the discourse of colonial travel much earlier than has so far been acknowledged. An examination of this influence calls to question several conventional presumptions of colonial history, and draws attention to a thus far seldom recognised character: the early colonial leisurely tourist. This analysis, however, requires - apart from primary research - a synthesis of the academic literatures on colonial travel on the one hand, and European tourist culture on the other.Show less
The study will broadly assume a form and part of a larger ongoing effort to develop methods and models for the study of colonialism from a cultural point of view. It will stress the early modern...Show moreThe study will broadly assume a form and part of a larger ongoing effort to develop methods and models for the study of colonialism from a cultural point of view. It will stress the early modern cross-cultural nuances of contacts, conversations and conflicts by analyzing the South Indian history focusing Brahmins. History of Brahmins from early European texts and also from the South Indian secondary sources largely based on vernacular languages will be used for a comparative analysis.Show less
What is war to whom? The troops roaming on Java in the late seventeenth century were of all shapes and colours. Some came from Sulawesi, some from Madura; some were religious others acquisitive....Show moreWhat is war to whom? The troops roaming on Java in the late seventeenth century were of all shapes and colours. Some came from Sulawesi, some from Madura; some were religious others acquisitive. Usually they operated in small units known as war-bands led by a warlord. Despite the differences between these war-bands, many of them did gather and fight under a single banner. Often they hurdled behind overlords -sunans or sultans- who were in need for additional brawn; a competitive market of martial supply and demand resulted. The king with the most men usually won. Even the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was part of this market and relied on indigenous patrol. In 1677, the Company decided to support the Central Javanese realm called Mataram and thus landed in a diplomatic struggle for troops. This thesis wonders how VOC men reported on these warriors and what clues are given of a Javanese military labour market at odds with the European one. The Dutch commanders would soon find out drawing in allies was as important as winning battles; the extent to which they could enter the networks of warlords and rulers thereby determined much of their victory. This thesis tells how far they did in the two chaotic and bloody years of 1677 and 1678.Show less
