An analysis is given of two potential revolutionary situations in order to find out whether the actions by potential revolutionaries can be considered revolutionary at all.
During the Second World War, Indonesia was occupied by the Japanese. Some of the Dutch that were able to escape to Australia established a Dutch government in exile. In 1942, together with other...Show moreDuring the Second World War, Indonesia was occupied by the Japanese. Some of the Dutch that were able to escape to Australia established a Dutch government in exile. In 1942, together with other Allies, the Dutch government in exile established NEFIS (Netherlands Forces Intelligence Service) as a way to satisfy the need for information about Indonesia in order to take back Indonesia from the Japanese. After the Japanese surrender, the Dutch government moved back to Indonesia and NEFIS continued its intelligence activity in Indonesia. This intelligence service continued its activity until 1949. The aim of this study is to investigate from both an organizational and archival approach the type of information that NEFIS accumulated in Indonesia between 1945 and 1949 and explore whether these perspectives correspond with each other. Literature and archival sources were used to conduct research in order to better understand NEFIS’s tasks and responsibilities. The applied archival approach involved taking several general subjects and matching them with sample archives. The results indicate consistency between NEFIS’s raw documents and its stated tasks. Several subjects of interest to NEFIS include: anti-Dutch propaganda, the current political condition, underground activity, and information about the Indonesian Armed Forces.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
open access
Beginning under the Flavian dynasty, large quantities of river personifications start to appear in Roman art and coinage, a trend which lasts until the third century A.D. These images are often...Show moreBeginning under the Flavian dynasty, large quantities of river personifications start to appear in Roman art and coinage, a trend which lasts until the third century A.D. These images are often regarded as little more than fashionable decorative items. This thesis argues however that, far from being merely decorative pieces, river personifications give us a unique insight in Roman ideas on geography, imperial power and civilization.Show less
This research follows the discourse of the ragged school movement across a twenty-year period, and through this provides a greater understanding of problem-formation and problem-solving. By...Show moreThis research follows the discourse of the ragged school movement across a twenty-year period, and through this provides a greater understanding of problem-formation and problem-solving. By analysing the movement using ideas of problematisation and sub-culture solidification as the theoretical framework, this thesis contends with contemporary views of the child-saving movement. Unlike the wider historiographical work on the child-savers, this work has investigated the problematising function of language that was used in ragged school material, and has shown how the rhetoric that was used sought to mobilise and involve the general public. During this research, factors such as the identification of deviants, the fluidity of categorisation, the association of broader issues, and the importance of problem solvability have been explored in a manner that had not yet been done in association with the child-saving movement. Beyond this, this work has contributed to current theories of problematisation by focusing on how a problem can be built around an intended solution.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
closed access
This study focuses on the political history of Maguindanao, a polity along the western coast of Mindanao (present-day southern Philippines) from ca. 1680 till 1760. Primarily using the archives of...Show moreThis study focuses on the political history of Maguindanao, a polity along the western coast of Mindanao (present-day southern Philippines) from ca. 1680 till 1760. Primarily using the archives of the VOC (Dutch East India Company), it examines three interrelated historiographical issues: (1) the nature of political rule in Maguindanao, (2) the upland-lowland geopolitical divide and the (3) question of Maguindanao political decline. This thesis argues that these issues are better understood if seen from the perspective of complex intra-familial politics. By using the family as a lens, this thesis highlights the important role of women in the conduct of politics. It also dilutes the seemingly rigid division between the upland and lowland Maguindanao by viewing political factions not in terms of fixed political centers, but rather as a consequence of changing family alliances and rivalries.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
open access
German migrants have a reputation of creating a blooming associational life in their places of settlement. Therefore, a better understanding of German migrant life might be acquired if we better...Show moreGerman migrants have a reputation of creating a blooming associational life in their places of settlement. Therefore, a better understanding of German migrant life might be acquired if we better understand the associational life of these migrants. This thesis tries to provide a functionalist account of German associational life abroad based on case studies of the sailors homes and German schools in the German colonies of Antwerp and Rotterdam in the early twentieth century. Though it is often assumed that nationalist considerations and pressures from sending states are decisive in shaping the functionality of migrant organizations, I argue that the economic, moral and class related interests of the local environment provide a more elucidating picture of the functioning of the researched migrant organizations.Show less
The thesis deals with the life of ex-emperor Wilhelm II of Germany in the Netherlands, 1918-1941. In six thematic chapters the different images contemporaries had of Wilhelm are analysed. Some of...Show moreThe thesis deals with the life of ex-emperor Wilhelm II of Germany in the Netherlands, 1918-1941. In six thematic chapters the different images contemporaries had of Wilhelm are analysed. Some of the themes considered are Wilhelm’s arrival at Eysden and later at Amerongen, his second marriage (with Hermine von Reuss), lectures with archeologists at Huis Doorn and his relation with Nazism. With the use of different sets of memoires and newspapers the ‘court life’ at the micro-empire Huis Doorn is showed. In the final conclusion, the often contrary views on Wilhelm are summed up respecting the chronology of Wilhelm’s stay in the Netherlands.Show less
In deze thesis staan de veranderingen op het gebied van de gemiddelde uittredeleeftijd en de arbeidsparticipatie van oudere werknemers sinds de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederland centraal. De...Show moreIn deze thesis staan de veranderingen op het gebied van de gemiddelde uittredeleeftijd en de arbeidsparticipatie van oudere werknemers sinds de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederland centraal. De Algemene Ouderdomswet en het vervroegd uittreden van oudere werknemers vormen de twee kernpunten die ik behandel. Het ontstaan van de AOW en de VUT wordt uitvoerig besproken en tevens komen de belangrijkste discussies die zich in de loop der jaren hebben ontwikkeld met betrekking tot deze twee onderwerpen aan bod. Deze debatten hadden hoofdzakelijk met de financiering en de toekomstige verwachtingen te maken. De belangrijkste bevinding uit deze thesis is dat Nederland tot de jaren zeventig een hoge arbeidsparticipatie van oudere werknemers kende. Dankzij de economische problemen die in dit decennium zichtbaar begonnen te worden, gingen werkgevers en vakbonden op zoek naar mogelijkheden om de groeiende werkloosheid terug te dringen. Dit leidde tot het vervroegd uittreden of de VUT en hier maakten veel oudere werknemers gebruik van, wat als gevolg had dat de arbeidsdeelname van deze groep aanzienlijk daalde. Onder invloed van de toenemende vergrijzing leidde dit echter tot te hoge kosten en vanaf de jaren negentig werd het vervroegd uittreden steeds minder aantrekkelijk gemaakt door de overheid. Na de eeuwwisseling werd deze trend voortgezet. Hierdoor steeg de participatiegraad van oudere werknemers en ook traden zij op steeds hogere leeftijd uit het arbeidsproces. In internationaal opzicht waren deze ontwikkelingen opmerkelijk. Werd Nederland eind jaren tachtig nog gekenmerkt door een uitzonderlijk lage arbeidsdeelname van 55-plussers, in 2011 waren de rollen omgedraaid en behoorde Nederland tot de top van Europa op het vlak van de arbeidsparticipatie.Show less
This thesis examines the development of the Landsarchief (which is now known as the Arsip Nasional of the Republic of Indonesia (ANRI), the archival institution of the Dutch East Indies since it...Show moreThis thesis examines the development of the Landsarchief (which is now known as the Arsip Nasional of the Republic of Indonesia (ANRI), the archival institution of the Dutch East Indies since it was established on January 28, 1892 until the Japanese occupation in 1942. However, this thesis only focuses in the period of 1920s until early 1940s where the archives become more important not only for the government but also for the public. The process of establishing the Landsarchief did not go smoothly. It took years from the first proposal until it was finally approved in 1892. Its creation signified a new beginning to the archival development in the Dutch East Indies. From its inception until the Japanese occupation in 1942 and 1943, the Landsarchief experienced several internal reorganisations. The staff members of the Landsarchief played role in these reorganisations and in the decision making of the policies of the Landsarchief. This thesis also discuss the relationship between the Landsarchief of the Dutch East Indies with the ARA (Algemene Rijksarchief) in the Netherlands. As an archival institution that established in 1802, ARA shared many of its archival knowledge to the Landsarchief. Both of these archival institutions had a close relationship. In many occasions, before the Landsarchief emerged an policy or appointed a staff of the Landsarchief such as Landsarchivaris or Adjunct-Landarchivaris, the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies or the Algemene Secretaris as the person who were in charged in monitoring the activity of the Landsarchief often exchanged news and asked for advices from the Algemene Rijksarchivaris concerning the issues or problems that appeared in the Landsarchief. As a result of this, many of the policies were based on the advices of the Algemene Rijksarchivaris.Show less
In de eerste eeuwen na Chr. veranderen de Romeinse ideeën rondom de eeuwenoude traditie van de spectacula. Deze scriptie doet onderzoek naar de verandering. Wat veranderde er rondom de beeldvorming...Show moreIn de eerste eeuwen na Chr. veranderen de Romeinse ideeën rondom de eeuwenoude traditie van de spectacula. Deze scriptie doet onderzoek naar de verandering. Wat veranderde er rondom de beeldvorming van de spectacula en hoe kwam dit. De Romeinse filosofen Cicero en Seneca en de kerkvaders Tertullianus en Augustinus spelen een belangrijke rol in het onderzoek.Show less
This thesis studies a seventeenth-century Dutch travel account titled Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling written by Frans Jansz. van der Heiden. The book was first...Show moreThis thesis studies a seventeenth-century Dutch travel account titled Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling written by Frans Jansz. van der Heiden. The book was first published in 1675 and had numerous editions between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Van der Heiden was a Dutch East India Company sailor made his journey to India in 1661. His journey was an unlucky one: within few days of his departture from Batavia, the former principle trading settlement of the Dutch east India Company, their ship Ter Schelling encountered a terrible hurricane and subsequently the author and his shipmates got shipwrecked on the coast of Bay of Bengal. After endured so many plights they managed to reach an island of Bengal. But Van der Heiden and his shipmate’s bad luck did not end there. In the course of the journey they had to join the Mughal army as conscripted soldiers and served the army for fifteen months. However, this fateful journey enabled Van der Heiden to visit some parts of eastern and north eastern India that is, Bengal, Assam and it’s neighbouring regions. During his journey he experienced the local culture, religion and society. He also made a close observation of the Mughal army and warfare. Upon his return home Van der Heiden published his book based on his travel experience. The book was written in a popular style of the period which offers sensational description of his journey and practical and real information of the areas he visited. The book has so far been largely neglected by scholars. Some scholars discard the importance of the book terming it as fictitious and unreal. They argue that the book does not provide real, interiesing and new information on Asia. The thesis demonstrates that apart from its sensational description,Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling provides real, important and new information on Asia, particularly India, which can be used by the historians writing on these regions. The thesis shows that the book provides information on the Mughal army and Mughal warfare which very few European and even Asian sources could supply. Apart from army and warfare the book gives valuable information on the rural economy and life of ‘subaltern’ people of these regions which may offer a new perspective in studying the early modern history of India.Show less
This thesis studies a seventeenth-century Dutch travel account titled Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling written by Frans Jansz. van der Heiden. The book was first...Show moreThis thesis studies a seventeenth-century Dutch travel account titled Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling written by Frans Jansz. van der Heiden. The book was first published in 1675 and had numerous editions between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Van der Heiden was a Dutch East India Company sailor made his journey to India in 1661. His journey was an unlucky one: within few days of his departture from Batavia, the former principle trading settlement of the Dutch east India Company, their ship Ter Schelling encountered a terrible hurricane and subsequently the author and his shipmates got shipwrecked on the coast of Bay of Bengal. After endured so many plights they managed to reach an island of Bengal. But Van der Heiden and his shipmate’s bad luck did not end there. In the course of the journey they had to join the Mughal army as conscripted soldiers and served the army for fifteen months. However, this fateful journey enabled Van der Heiden to visit some parts of eastern and north eastern India that is, Bengal, Assam and it’s neighbouring regions. During his journey he experienced the local culture, religion and society. He also made a close observation of the Mughal army and warfare. Upon his return home Van der Heiden published his book based on his travel experience. The book was written in a popular style of the period which offers sensational description of his journey and practical and real information of the areas he visited. The book has so far been largely neglected by scholars. Some scholars discard the importance of the book terming it as fictitious and unreal. They argue that the book does not provide real, interiesing and new information on Asia. The thesis demonstrates that apart from its sensational description,Vervarelyke schip-breuk van‘T Oost-Indisch Jacht Ter Schelling provides real, important and new information on Asia, particularly India, which can be used by the historians writing on these regions. The thesis shows that the book provides information on the Mughal army and Mughal warfare which very few European and even Asian sources could supply. Apart from army and warfare the book gives valuable information on the rural economy and life of ‘subaltern’ people of these regions which may offer a new perspective in studying the early modern history of India.Show less
Several scholars recognize the significant transformation that the local elites underwent during the first half of the twentieth century (precisely during the period of Ethical Policy) in the...Show moreSeveral scholars recognize the significant transformation that the local elites underwent during the first half of the twentieth century (precisely during the period of Ethical Policy) in the Netherlands Indies. However, these scholars mainly focus on the transformation of Javanese elites and pay attention to administrative and political perspectives of this transformation. In this paper, I use Memories van Overgave along with additional reports to show that on Java and the Outer Provinces (mainly Sumatra) the local elites were not only involved in administrative and political matters but also in economics. Furthermore, under the increasing influence of the Dutch, the local elites developed into two different groups: the traditional and the new elites. As a result of the Dutch policies during this time, the traditional elite fundamentally changed in order to maintain their connection with the colonial government. In fact, they mostly shifted their attitude toward Western education from a negative to a positive one in order to fulfill requirements of the colonial administration reform, while barely changing their attitudes on economic and political issues. Interestingly enough, many of the new elites descended from traditional nobility and received Western training. However, unlike the traditional elites, they took part in business and political affairs. This new elite transformed the hierarchies within indigenous culture during the late colonial period and later went on to become the leaders of the anti-colonial movements in the archipelago.Show less
