By seeking to explore the development of social protection national policy, this thesis has sought to contribute to the field of global social policy, by delving into the role and influence of...Show moreBy seeking to explore the development of social protection national policy, this thesis has sought to contribute to the field of global social policy, by delving into the role and influence of international organizations with regards to national social protection systems. This research has scrutinised the way Mexico applied conventions related to social protection devised by the International Labour Organisation and developed its national social protection system since 1931 (when it joined the organisation) until present. Through a historical approach, it has been demonstrated how Mexico's changing economic systems have conditioned the applicability of the internationally-devised norms of the ILO to its national context. This finding aligns with the scholarly view on international norm compliance according to which states do not always defy internationally-imposed directives willingly, but are rather conditioned by national events or circumstances of a socio-economic or political order. It has thus been concluded that the Lost Decade of the 1980s represented a moment of upheaval and economic change (from state-led industrialization to market-led economy) that influenced the effectiveness of the ILO's norms on Mexico's social protection system.Show less
This paper consists of an analysis of the failure of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, examining the internal and external factors that influenced the Initiative’s development, progress and subsequent...Show moreThis paper consists of an analysis of the failure of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, examining the internal and external factors that influenced the Initiative’s development, progress and subsequent failure. The Yasuní-ITT Initiative was introduced under the Correa government as an environmental project that proposed to discontinue oil extraction in part of the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador, in turn for financial compensation from the international community. As such, it had the opportunity to set an example of global collaboration in conservation by proposing to share the costs and benefits of conservation internationally. While attempting to find an explanation for the Initiative’s failure, this paper taps into the highly topical dilemma between ecologism and economism as faced by the Ecuadorian government.Show less
This thesis examines the state of regional integration in Latin America, by looking at the customs union Mercosur. The Mercosur has been widely studied in terms of regionalism, but this thesis...Show moreThis thesis examines the state of regional integration in Latin America, by looking at the customs union Mercosur. The Mercosur has been widely studied in terms of regionalism, but this thesis offers new insights by looking at the effect of the strategic partnership between the EU and Brazil. Furthermore, this thesis produces a scholarly argument by systematically connecting analytical concepts to the regional integration of Mercosur. At last, this research on the consequences of the strategic partnership EU-Brazil on the regional integration of Mercosur certainly adds new insights regarding the functioning of Mercosur.Show less
This paper analyzes Mexico’s food consumption patterns and social consequences conditioned by economic changes following the implementation of NAFTA. Market liberalization and foreign investment...Show moreThis paper analyzes Mexico’s food consumption patterns and social consequences conditioned by economic changes following the implementation of NAFTA. Market liberalization and foreign investment have proven to negatively impact public health in Mexico which experiences a steep increase of obesity prevalence and non-communicable diseases. This paper is able to trace the complex relationship between trade, health policy and the nutrition transition.Show less
This thesis seeks to investigate the possible connection between the precarious socioeconomic situation that dominates the lives of most Chileans and the historically unprecedented magnitude of...Show moreThis thesis seeks to investigate the possible connection between the precarious socioeconomic situation that dominates the lives of most Chileans and the historically unprecedented magnitude of protests that are currently shaking the country. The main research question will, therefore, take a close look at “How to understand the 2019 Chilean protests as a result of the structural inequalities produced by the radical neoliberal development strategy implemented in the 1980s? In order to make this research more tangible and feasible, the privatization of the social security (pension) system will serve as a case study to analyze the changing tolerance for inequality, as the demand for a pension system reform is one of the key drivers behind the ongoing social upheaval in Chile. The research questions will be answered by using the Hirschman “tunnel hypothesis” created in 1973 to investigate how societies in the early stages of rapid economic development have created a substantial tolerance for initial economic disparities, anticipating a future reduction of said disparities that will include everyone. Should these expectations never be met, considerable social discontent develops, that can result in disaster and turn previous supporters into enemies of the stateShow less
While some recognise tourism as the optimal companion of conservation due to their beneficial symbiotic relationship, others have addressed the negative consequences on the islands. As such, the...Show moreWhile some recognise tourism as the optimal companion of conservation due to their beneficial symbiotic relationship, others have addressed the negative consequences on the islands. As such, the Galapagos will serve as a case to study the effects of tourism on conservation and local development to understand if they can be achieved simultaneously. This research aims to look behind the curtain of the idea of pristine and untouched nature and its alignment with tourism to find out if conservational and tourist practices can indeed be compatible and lead to a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.As will be seen, the conflicts in the Galapagos surround the concepts of power and scale. It is these concepts that also form a central concern in the academic fields of political ecology and ecological economics, which will be the perspectives used for the analysis.Show less
O trabalho compreende a Análise da Política Externa do período Monárquico no Brasil. A partir das tomadas de decisão da Secretaria de Negócios Estrangeiros (atual Ministério das Relações Exteriores...Show moreO trabalho compreende a Análise da Política Externa do período Monárquico no Brasil. A partir das tomadas de decisão da Secretaria de Negócios Estrangeiros (atual Ministério das Relações Exteriores), é possível perceber as origens do que ficou denominado no estudo da Política Externa Brasileira (PEB) como "mito da estabilidade". Este conceito é abordado por um grupo restrito de teóricos e o presente trabalho visa dar mais ênfase ao estudo deste, inserido no contexto do Brasil Império. Pretende-se também, utilizar as ferramentas teóricas das Relações Internacionais para incluir o século XIX brasileiro no estudo da Análise de Política Externa (APE) do Brasil. Há escassos estudos a respeito da atuação internacional brasileira neste período (apenas capítulos introdutórios ou sub-seções em determinados livros). Apegando-se ao modelo teórico soberanista e de interesse nacional de Hans Morgenthau e ao conceito de estabilidade na PEB, o trabalho visa apresentar a origem da historiografia da Política Externa Brasileira.Show less
This thesis aims to describe the evolution on drug policies, mainly on coca, in Colombia and Bolivia. Heiren, is domestic influence and U.S. participation seen as the main effect.
As the subject of my thesis, I wanted study flex crops, because I want to find out how flex crops can help to obtain food security in order to help my reader understand how food security can be...Show moreAs the subject of my thesis, I wanted study flex crops, because I want to find out how flex crops can help to obtain food security in order to help my reader understand how food security can be reached in a sustainable manner. The region of specialization for this thesis is Latin America. Therefore, the research question of this thesis will be: ‘To what extend is there a link between flex crops and food security?’. The hypothesis is that major actors in the agricultural sector, such as corporations and governments claim that flex crops will help to reach food security in the near future, because flex crops have the capacity of multiple uses and therefore, the food sector does not have to compete with other sectors like fuel, but the livelihoods of rural populations and the biodiversity in ecosystems are not taken into consideration in these claims, only the mere idea of prospects of capital accumulation.Show less