Investigates the lives of Coretta Scott King and Betty Shabazz before, during, and after their marriage with their husbands, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Growing up in an environment...Show moreInvestigates the lives of Coretta Scott King and Betty Shabazz before, during, and after their marriage with their husbands, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Growing up in an environment characterized by social injustice, both women found their duty in challenging these injustices, although Coretta much earlier than Betty. However, both women were faced with gender norms in the 1950s and -60s which restricted them socially. After the death of their husbands, Coretta and Betty were determined to preserve the legacy of their husbands, and to build up a career for themselves, which they succeeded in.Show less
Literature on wartime removal and incarceration of Japanese American describes the opposition and resistance to the governmental policies mostly in terms of deficiency. This interpretative bias is...Show moreLiterature on wartime removal and incarceration of Japanese American describes the opposition and resistance to the governmental policies mostly in terms of deficiency. This interpretative bias is characterized by privileging the governmental account of the removal and incarceration over the Japanese American accounts while disregarding any incident short of civil disobedience as unimportant. Moreover, Japanese Americans' cooperation is seen as contributing greatly to the success of the procedures that ultimately deprived them of their liberty. This view, though widely held, does not provide an accurate description of Japanese American attitudes and actions during the fateful months after the Pearl Harbor attack. I will argue that the number of strikes, the extent of community organization, and the scope of individual and group protest inside the relocation camps testify that Japanese Americans' reaction to their wartime removal and incarceration was anything but passive. Japanese Americans protested against the injustice of their evacuation and incarceration, but they were systematically silenced, intimidated, and punished by the government. Moreover, the relocation program officials and generations of relocation scholars contributed to the marginalization of Japanese American resistance by uncritically accepting the governmental account of mass removal and incarceration which refused to recognize evacuee resistance as legitimate protest.Show less
