The Antidienstvervangingsbond (ADVB) fought conscription replacement in the Dutch military from 1875 to 1898. Wealthy conscripts had been able to have their conscription fulfilled by a paid...Show moreThe Antidienstvervangingsbond (ADVB) fought conscription replacement in the Dutch military from 1875 to 1898. Wealthy conscripts had been able to have their conscription fulfilled by a paid substitute, known as a remplaçant. Menno David van Limburg Stirum was the founder and remarkable leader of the ADVB who sought to end this injustice. As a former minister of War who had failed to politically accomplish this, Van Stirum aimed to influence political decision-making by influencing the public opinion. The asssociation, which counted more than 9000 members, was disbanded in 1898, shortly after conscription replacement was abolished by law. This study will analyze whether the ADVB was relatively succesful in achieving its goal by comparing it to other Dutch abolishment movements of the time, called 'Afschaffers', such as the Anti-dagbladzegelverbond or the Maatschappij tot Nut van den Javaan. The comparison between the ADVB and the other 'afschaffers' has been drawn with regards to three different aspects: its methods, its message and the role of the leader. Firstly, the ADVB's methods are very similar to those of the other anti-movements. It is characteristic of the anti-movements that sprouted in the Netherlands from the 1840s and onwards. The message of the ADVB can be divided into three different arguments that they used, categorized as military, moral and social matters. This wide array of problems adressed by the ADVB was somewhat unique, although similarities with other abolishers can certainly be found. However, the aspect that made the ADVB the most unique was its leader. No other Dutch anti-movement had such a profound impression laid upon them as the ADVB had by its founder, Van Limburg Stirum. He was by far the most influential person in the movement, as most of the work, writing and financial support for the ADVB can be attributed to him. Van Stirum also ruled the ADVB with an iron fist. After he died in 1891, the association was only a shadow of its former self. The succes of the ADVB was relatively small, as it did not succeed in quickly reaching its direct goal of abolishment of conscription replacement. Nonetheless, the ADVB was able to effectively spread its message across the Dutch upper class, which was one of its indirect goals. They should therefore be given more credit by historians for the eventual political decision to end conscription replacement.Show less
In deze scriptie is gepoogd de publieke rol die Mans Spoor-Dijkema vervulde te analyseren en af te zetten tegen de krantenartikelen die Nederlandse journalisten over haar publiceerden. De...Show moreIn deze scriptie is gepoogd de publieke rol die Mans Spoor-Dijkema vervulde te analyseren en af te zetten tegen de krantenartikelen die Nederlandse journalisten over haar publiceerden. De Nederlandse pers gebruikte grofweg drie termen om haar te beschrijven: als echtgenote van generaal Spoor, als legervrouw en tenslotte als soldatenmoeder. Deze termen zijn de basis geworden voor de drie hoofdstukken in dit onderzoek. In hoeverre waren deze publieke rollen waarin de media haar beschreef waarheidsgetrouw of, integendeel, een resultaat van goedlopende propaganda? Deze scriptie onderzocht dan ook de volgende hoofdvraag: hoe oordeelden de Nederlandse krantenmedia over de werkzaamheden van Mans Spoor-Dijkema?Show less
In 2011 Libya is torn apart by civil unrest in the form of an uprising against the Gadhafi regime. The European powers are divided over the course they have to take. A unified European response is...Show moreIn 2011 Libya is torn apart by civil unrest in the form of an uprising against the Gadhafi regime. The European powers are divided over the course they have to take. A unified European response is also hindered by the different mandates the European governments have regarding the use of force. This thesis seeks to find the reasons why the European states diverged over a case in which they had a common interest in the ‘Responsibility to Protect’. For this explanation, this thesis will focus on the political- and strategic cultures of France, United Kingdom and Germany and the way they influence the parliamentary debates.Show less
