De bijenallegorie werd gebruikt om een ideale samenleving te beschrijven. In de late middeleeuwen zijn er twee auteurs die in hun werken de bijenallegorie verwerkt hebben: Thomas van Cantimpré en...Show moreDe bijenallegorie werd gebruikt om een ideale samenleving te beschrijven. In de late middeleeuwen zijn er twee auteurs die in hun werken de bijenallegorie verwerkt hebben: Thomas van Cantimpré en Johannes van Salisbury. Deze twee werken, het Bijenboek en de Policraticus, worden met elkaar vergeleken. Daarnaast komen de klassieke bronnen waarop de werken zijn gebaseerd aan bod.Show less
Roots of the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh reach the times of the USSR or deeper. After the collapse of the Soviet Union hopes for the conflicts resolution were high...Show moreRoots of the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh reach the times of the USSR or deeper. After the collapse of the Soviet Union hopes for the conflicts resolution were high; however, after the cease-fire agreement was sign in 1994, the peace-making process seems to reach the stalemate. For over two decades the conflict remains unsettled, often being referred to as ‘frozen’. Nevertheless, this might not be the most accurate term, since the cease-fire agreement is frequently being broken by all of the conflict parties, and causes casualties (72 people killed in 2014). This thesis investigates the peace efforts for possible shortcomings that could curb the conflict settlement, and potential incentives derived from economic and political regimes of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic that could motivate this de facto state to favour the current status quo.Show less
Nous n’avons pas pu constater une évolution dans l’emploi du subjonctif en français standard pendant les deux siècles et il n’est pas question de variabilité du subjonctif. En québécois, le...Show moreNous n’avons pas pu constater une évolution dans l’emploi du subjonctif en français standard pendant les deux siècles et il n’est pas question de variabilité du subjonctif. En québécois, le subjonctif est un vestige du passé, qui s’utilise seulement après quelques gouverneurs (non) verbaux ou après quelques expressions fixes. A côté de l’emploi du subjonctif après ces gouverneurs et expressions, le subjonctif s’emploie presque jamais en québécois, surtout pas dans les phrases où il est question d’une grande distance. En français standard, par contre, l’emploi du subjonctif est stable. Les francophones français emploient spontanément le subjonctif en accord avec la grammaire prescriptive. En parlant des différences dans l’emploi du subjonctif entre le français québécois et le français standard, nous pouvons conclure que le subjonctif est un phénomène intrinsèquement variable en français québécois, tandis que le subjonctif ne l’est pas en français standard.Show less
In deze scriptie staat het onderzoeksmodel naar de kwaliteit van storytelling in online news galleries van Caple en Knox (2015) centraal. Het model dat een systematische beoordeling van de...Show moreIn deze scriptie staat het onderzoeksmodel naar de kwaliteit van storytelling in online news galleries van Caple en Knox (2015) centraal. Het model dat een systematische beoordeling van de kwaliteit van storytelling in online news galleries biedt, is pas een jaar oud en weinig in de praktische uitwerking en de toepasbaarheid getest. Het onderzoeksmodel bestaat uit drie onderdelen: image sequencing, text cohesion en news type. In dit onderzoek wordt specifiek onderzoek gedaan naar een onderdeel van het onderzoeksmodel namelijk text cohesion. In dit deel van het onderzoeksmodel worden de bijschriften van online news galleries beoordeeld. Aan de hand van een groter corpus dan dat Caple en Knox (2015) hebben gebruikt om het model op te stellen wordt het model geëvalueerd. Dat wil zeggen dat er dertig dagen lang dagelijks van achttien verschillende media online news galleries zijn vastgelegd in een databestand. Dit heeft een bestand opgeleverd van 508 online news galleries met daarin 8043 afbeeldingen met bijschrift. In deze database zijn tevens de algemene eigenschappen van de galleries vastgelegd en daarnaast zijn de waarden die in het onderzoeksmodel genoemd worden vastgelegd en gecodeerd. De vraag die centraal staat in het onderzoek is: “In hoeverre is het huidige onderzoeksmodel van Caple en Knox geschikt om kwaliteit in storytelling in online news galleries te evalueren?” Er wordt zowel kwantitatief als kwalitatief onderzoek gedaan naar een specifiek onderdeel in het onderzoeksmodel genaamd ‘text cohesion’, waarbij de bijschriften van de online news galleries aan bod komen. Het onderzoeksmodel bestaat ten tijde van het voorliggende onderzoek pas een jaar en de praktische uitwerking en toepasbaarheid ervan is nog niet geëvalueerd. Uit deze evaluatie zijn enkele aanvullingen op het huidige model naar voren gekomen die het model zouden kunnen verbeteren. Zo blijkt dat de sectie caption uniqueness als betrouwbaar te meten kan worden beschouwd, maar dat de sectie text relations uitbreiding behoeft. De sectie text relations valt uiteen in twee onderdelen welke na evaluatie door middel van dit onderzoek incompleet blijken te zijn. Daarom wordt in de conclusie van dit onderzoek beargumenteerd dat aan het onderdeel nuclearity de waarde ‘none’ toegevoegd moet worden en aan het onderdeel caption relations de waarde ‘thematic’ toegevoegd moet worden. Door het toevoegen van deze waarden aan het onderzoeksmodel kan op een meer betrouwbare wijze onderzocht worden wat de kwaliteit van van storytelling in online news galleries is.Show less
Brown and Levinson’s (1987) typology of politeness strategies is based on the basic wants of a model person (MP). Their concepts of face and positive and negative politeness have been...Show moreBrown and Levinson’s (1987) typology of politeness strategies is based on the basic wants of a model person (MP). Their concepts of face and positive and negative politeness have been groundbreaking in the fields of pragmatics and intercultural communication. However, their claim of having developed a universal model has been refuted by many scholars (Bargiela-Chiappini 2003; Watts 2003; Hill et al. 1986; Matsumoto 1988; Nwoye 1992; Mao 1994). In this paper, I use a contrastive language guide by Baxter and Baxter (2011) to attempt to analyze [1] how their pragmalinguistic advice relates to Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness; [2] what influence the sociological variables have had on Baxter and Baxter’s choice of politeness strategies that are incorporated with face-threatening acts (FTAs); and [3] what the key underlying cultural differences are between the Dutch and the British in their choice of politeness strategies. The results of this study indicate that the pragmalinguistic advice relates to Brown and Levinson’s theory by using positive and negative politeness strategies when an FTA is incorporated into an utterance. Furthermore, sociological variables do play a significant role in the selection of politeness strategies, as they adhere to the discernment principles of their respective cultures. The key difference between the Dutch and the British is found in the sociological variable Low context communication.Show less
This thesis seeks to analyze the cinema of Apichatpong Weerasethakul (1970-) by placing it within a context of the history of Thai nationality, borders and geography, specifically focusing on the...Show moreThis thesis seeks to analyze the cinema of Apichatpong Weerasethakul (1970-) by placing it within a context of the history of Thai nationality, borders and geography, specifically focusing on the region of Isan and its history with and within Thailand. It aims to show how his work subverts the master narrative offered in official media that concerns Thailand as a nation state with a fixed identity and national language and instead gives a voice to marginalized identities by making room for a multitude of experienced realities and stories within Thailand. This thesis is an attempt to reduce the gap between the respective fields of Area Studies and Film Studies as well.Show less
This research paper analyses 400 Japanese Tweets by the party leaders of eight parties during the official campaigning period from December 2nd to December 14th of the 2014 General Election in...Show moreThis research paper analyses 400 Japanese Tweets by the party leaders of eight parties during the official campaigning period from December 2nd to December 14th of the 2014 General Election in Japan. The main goal of this research is to identify to what extent the Internet campaigning tool Twitter causes a candidate–voter interaction in this first Japanese general election where Internet campaigning has been legalized. The analysis is a mix between qualitative and quantitative research.Show less
In this thesis I explore a type of nineteenth century Chinese-made porcelain decorated with human figures and related texts. I look for possible explanations for the fact that this group has...Show moreIn this thesis I explore a type of nineteenth century Chinese-made porcelain decorated with human figures and related texts. I look for possible explanations for the fact that this group has received little attention. I explore the source of the illustrations from a seventeenth century Chinese wood-block printed book showing forty iconic historical figures. My analysis and comparison of the source of the illustrations with the features of the decorated porcelain suggest that the decorations are organized in a consistent and rational way. The visual impact of the icons of exemplary figures on the porcelain becomes more information than decoration.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt een vergelijkende tekstanalyse gepresenteerd tussen drie geëditeerde documenten in het boek Los mozáarabes de Toledo en de originele manuscripten die op microfilms zijn...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt een vergelijkende tekstanalyse gepresenteerd tussen drie geëditeerde documenten in het boek Los mozáarabes de Toledo en de originele manuscripten die op microfilms zijn bestudeerd. Voordat de edities vergeleken worden, wordt de juridische, historische en taalkundige context van de contracten behandelt.Show less
Papuans, a designation to inhabitants of New Guinea, show up numerous time throughout history as slaves. This lead to the designation of New Guinea as 'victim societies'. But what does that mean?...Show morePapuans, a designation to inhabitants of New Guinea, show up numerous time throughout history as slaves. This lead to the designation of New Guinea as 'victim societies'. But what does that mean? And how did slavery contribute to the experience of living in New Guinea? In this thesis I answer these questions by looking at the historical pattern that enabled Papuan enslavement,looking at the societies with a history of entanglement with slavery and furthermore noting the strategies Papuans developed to deal with the historical pattern affecting them.Show less
The present study attempts to bring together the Mediterranean and the Dutch news communities by examining Mediterranean news in the Dutch press through Abraham Casteleyn's "Haarlemse Courant" in...Show moreThe present study attempts to bring together the Mediterranean and the Dutch news communities by examining Mediterranean news in the Dutch press through Abraham Casteleyn's "Haarlemse Courant" in the decade 1660-1669. Its main argument is that Mediterranean news suited the needs of seventeenth-century news publishers in an exceptional way: "longue durée" Mediterranean realities such as corsair activity along the North African Coast provided a seemingly never-ending flow of news stories which helped to nourish the nascent "periodicity" of the early modern publishing business.Show less
Research master thesis | Asian Studies (research) (MA)
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The aim of this thesis is to critically analyse four Hindi short stories and to explain whether they can be considered examples of literature about ageing. The research questions that this thesis...Show moreThe aim of this thesis is to critically analyse four Hindi short stories and to explain whether they can be considered examples of literature about ageing. The research questions that this thesis tries to answer are the following: Can the selected short stories be considered literature about ageing? If so, why and how this process of ageing is depicted in Hindi Literature? In order to answer these questions, the research of Mike Hepworth (2000) on literature about ageing in British Literature is used as theoretical framework. Indeed, the parameters given by Hepworth for recognising examples of literature about ageing can be used as general criteria for the analysis of literary texts worldwide. Differences and similarities between Hepworth’s analysis and the description of ageing in selected Hindi short stories are taken into account for this critical analysis. According to the study of the four selected short stories, it is observed that one of the main focus of Hindi literature about ageing is the pursuit of denouncing elderly abuse, in all the form they are perpetrated. This work also suggests that literature about ageing is also present in Hindi Literature and it can be recognised as a literary theme on its own.Show less
This thesis looked for default ironic constructions in Dutch. To do so a new definition of verbal irony was proposed: Verbal irony are utterances that (1) have an argumentative force that is...Show moreThis thesis looked for default ironic constructions in Dutch. To do so a new definition of verbal irony was proposed: Verbal irony are utterances that (1) have an argumentative force that is opposed to the speaker’s evaluation, (2) are incongruent with its (co-text and) context and (3) leave the fact that they are ironic implicit. It is claimed that in Dutch an ironic interpretation can be emphasized by not. Therefore a corpus was set up with tweets containing #not. The ironic tweets in this corpus were analyzed on word frequency and remarkable patterns. This led to a list of words and patterns that were further analyzed. Through the analysis sixteen potentially default ironic constructions were found. These constructions were checked against three criteria for default ironic constructions: (1) not containing semantic anomalies, (2) not containing contextual information and (3) being ironic by default. Three constructions turned out to be default ironic constructions: lekker Adj, DP weer lekker bezig and het gaat weer lekker (deictic adverb) (PP).Show less
Research master thesis | Classics and Ancient Civilizations (research) (MA)
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Until Esarhaddon's reign, adê "treaties" in the Neo-Assyrian period were considered an instrument of subjugation. Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty (EST), concluded in 672 BC, when the empire was...Show moreUntil Esarhaddon's reign, adê "treaties" in the Neo-Assyrian period were considered an instrument of subjugation. Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty (EST), concluded in 672 BC, when the empire was arguably at its peak, respects previous adê display tradition while introducing new visual elements in order to make it an instrument of internal political control.Show less
Amarasi nominal demonstratives ia, naan and ne are used both pro- and adnominally to refer to objects and entities in the speech situation, with ia being used for near-speaker reference, naan being...Show moreAmarasi nominal demonstratives ia, naan and ne are used both pro- and adnominally to refer to objects and entities in the speech situation, with ia being used for near-speaker reference, naan being the near-addressee term for visible referents and ne being used for distal reference. The terms ia and ne are visibility-neutral. The nominal demonstratives can be used pronominally in copular clauses to identify referents in the speech situation. In adnominal form, they can co-occur with other determiners in a noun phrase. The corresponding local adverbs are ia, naa and nee respectively. Both ia and naan can be used for endophoric reference. Addressee-based naan is used anaphorically to refer back to preceding noun phrases and preceding chunks of discourse. The cataphoric demonstrative is ia, used to introduce direct speech. Speaker-based ia can only be used for anaphoric reference when the referent has high topicality.Show less
This study provides a structural analysis of over a 100 years of wills from Jane Austen's paternal and maternal ancestors. This study provides evidence for will-making as a family tradition that...Show moreThis study provides a structural analysis of over a 100 years of wills from Jane Austen's paternal and maternal ancestors. This study provides evidence for will-making as a family tradition that has been passed from one generation to the next and offers a structural analysis for seventeenth century wills.Show less
In this thesis, Bergson's and Du Prel's notion of layered consciousness is explained and reviewed. In light of their theories, we discuss the possibility and (a) possible explanation(s) of artists...Show moreIn this thesis, Bergson's and Du Prel's notion of layered consciousness is explained and reviewed. In light of their theories, we discuss the possibility and (a) possible explanation(s) of artists who claim to be inspired by their dreams. In this way, we see how the idea of consciousness as layered can act as a condition of possibility for the notion of 'dreaminspiration'.Show less
