Peru faces problems in evenly distributing its water sources amongst regions and stakeholders, resulting in a lack of access to water near the coast and in the Andes. These problems of scarcity are...Show morePeru faces problems in evenly distributing its water sources amongst regions and stakeholders, resulting in a lack of access to water near the coast and in the Andes. These problems of scarcity are worsened by a growing Peruvian population and processes of urbanization, while water resources are distributed unevenly between Peru's three main geographical regions: 'la costa', 'la selva' and 'la sierra'. In order to combat these problems, the Peruvian government proposed and implemented a new water law in 2009: la Ley de los Recursos Hídricos 29338. This thesis evaluates the results of this water law and uses the active mining region of Cajamarca as a case study to evaluate the law. We find that the new water law provides a basis for a better integrated organization of water management through new institutions and organizations. However, its contents are ambiguous and leave room for neoliberal interpretations, which consolidates the power of the agro and mining sectors in the distribution of water sources in Peru.Show less
This research analyses how effective have been the counterterrorism measurements and security policies of the Peruvian governments of the twenty-first century to combat the increasing violent...Show moreThis research analyses how effective have been the counterterrorism measurements and security policies of the Peruvian governments of the twenty-first century to combat the increasing violent activities and insecurity in Peru organised by Sendero Luminoso. Political violence by insurgent armed groups has been a major problem which many Latin American governments have had to deal with since the Cold War, and Peru has not been an exception with the significant presence of Sendero Luminoso between 1980 and 2000. However, since the turn of the twenty-first century, several Peruvian regimes and installed security forces, the national police, intelligence services and even civilians express concern that the brutal and violent past due to political violence must not be repeated. The research is performed on the basis of an analysis of the counterterrorism measurements and its strategies, and the security policies installed by the Peruvian governments of 2001 until 2018 as a reaction on the violent activities of Sendero Luminoso in the named period and to maintain security in the country.Show less
This thesis aims to analyze the extent to which agency of unaccompanied children in transit is fostered at the US-Mexico border between 2009-2020. Firstly, the concept of agency in child migration...Show moreThis thesis aims to analyze the extent to which agency of unaccompanied children in transit is fostered at the US-Mexico border between 2009-2020. Firstly, the concept of agency in child migration will be defined. Secondly, an analysis of the social, political, and legal context will provide insight into the current situation of unaccompanied children at the border. Finally, a thematic analysis of a corpus of Mexican and US case law, state policy reviews and NGO reports will reveal the experiences of unaccompanied children at the border. These findings on agency will be supported by a small case study of an individual narrative. The results of the analysis give evidence that unaccompanied children are caught in an agency-repressive cycle. Due to the violations of children’s rights by the US and Mexico, unaccompanied children’s agency is not fostered at the border. Moreover, children’s expressions of agency lead to diminished acknowledgment of their vulnerability, which results in reduced access to rights for unaccompanied children.Show less
Esta investigación analiza la ‘guerra contra la piratería’ y la criminalización del comercio informal en México mediante un análisis de la política mexicana y los efectos que esta tiene en el mundo...Show moreEsta investigación analiza la ‘guerra contra la piratería’ y la criminalización del comercio informal en México mediante un análisis de la política mexicana y los efectos que esta tiene en el mundo globalizado. Se enfoca en la manera en que el Gobierno mexicano intenta solucionar el problema, influido por relaciones comerciales internacionales. Se analiza específicamente en qué medida el Gobierno mexicano es capaz de cumplir con los acuerdos y tratados internacionales en esta materia. Los escasos resultados en la guerra contra la piratería hacen que las empresas (inter)nacionales pierdan ingresos por su propiedad intelectual con el efecto de que México resulta menos atractivo para las inversiones y que tenga una mala reputación en el mundo empresarial internacional. Solo que esto no resulta en una posición muy desfavorable porque los países más desarrollados son dependientes de México para poder beneficiarse de sus derechos de propiedad intelectual. Por lo tanto, estos países buscan cooperar intensivamente para poder mejorar el sistema de protección de sus derechos en México.Show less
This paper consists of an analysis of the failure of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, examining the internal and external factors that influenced the Initiative’s development, progress and subsequent...Show moreThis paper consists of an analysis of the failure of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, examining the internal and external factors that influenced the Initiative’s development, progress and subsequent failure. The Yasuní-ITT Initiative was introduced under the Correa government as an environmental project that proposed to discontinue oil extraction in part of the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador, in turn for financial compensation from the international community. As such, it had the opportunity to set an example of global collaboration in conservation by proposing to share the costs and benefits of conservation internationally. While attempting to find an explanation for the Initiative’s failure, this paper taps into the highly topical dilemma between ecologism and economism as faced by the Ecuadorian government.Show less
O presente trabalho trata do tema feminismo negro no Brasil e compara a obra de uma artista literária e de uma artista visual utilizando o conceito ‘lugar de fala’ da intelectual, ativista e...Show moreO presente trabalho trata do tema feminismo negro no Brasil e compara a obra de uma artista literária e de uma artista visual utilizando o conceito ‘lugar de fala’ da intelectual, ativista e escritora Djamila Ribeiro (1980, Santos). Apesar de avanços significativos no ativismo afro-brasileiro e feminista, a questão do lugar social da mulher afro-brasileira fica sendo um ponto atual e pertinente. Conceição Evaristo, escritora afro-brasileira, e Rosana Paulino, artista brasileira contemporânea, conseguiram uma visibilidade, inclusive internacional, usando um discurso feminista negro, apesar de viverem numa sociedade extremamente autoritária, racista e patriarcal. Para estudar o ativismo artístico que ambas produzem, a presente pesquisa se enfoca na obra literária Poemas da recordação e outros movimentos (2008) e na exposição A costura da memória (2018). Ambas obras, de maneira crítica, questionam o lugar da mulher negra na sociedade brasileira. Conceição Evaristo é conhecida pelas publicações em Cadernos Negros e da escrevivência. Rosana Paulino é artista visual e se enfoca nas questões sociais, étnicas e de gênero (Paulino). O estudo de caso é original, pois, acrescenta ao debate o uso do conceito lugar de fala, proposto por Djamila Ribeiro. Além disso, o estudo é altamente atual: a situação política no Brasil exige a importância de entender essas vozes. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo é analisar como ambas artistas através do uso do conceito da memória se apropriam de um ‘lugar de fala’ para o sujeito feminino negro e criticamente questionam estruturas de poder existentes.Show less
Since the mid-1990s, the Chilean State has gradually begun to sign commitments regarding women's human rights on gender equality and equity. This has translated over time into the incorporation of...Show moreSince the mid-1990s, the Chilean State has gradually begun to sign commitments regarding women's human rights on gender equality and equity. This has translated over time into the incorporation of various public policies and the creation of institutions that seek to make women's issues more visible and promote gender equality. Regarding Chilean female employability, there is still a wide gap between men and women, with Chile being one of the countries with the lowest female labor participation in the Latin American region. Most studies have focused on understanding this topic, mainly from the perspective of analyzing human capital and the characteristics of the labor market. However, in the last decades, theoretical work began to be produced that considered the cultural factor of this phenomenon. Thus, issues related to the type of society in which they live are considered relevant, contributing to the understanding of the employability patterns of women, especially those who are mothers. Where it is considered that the country context is rooted in traditional culture and has not yet managed to depose current social inequalities. Therefore, motherhood plays an important role when making decisions regarding female employability.Show less
In 2016 sloten de Colombiaanse regering en guerrillagroep FARC vrede middels een vredesakkoord. In dit werk wordt gebruik gemaakt van een sterkte/zwakte-analyse, om de voor-en nadelen voor mens en...Show moreIn 2016 sloten de Colombiaanse regering en guerrillagroep FARC vrede middels een vredesakkoord. In dit werk wordt gebruik gemaakt van een sterkte/zwakte-analyse, om de voor-en nadelen voor mens en milieu van dit akkoord uiteen te zetten. In het theoretisch kader van de post-conflict society, komen onder andere de sterke en zwakke punten van de door de overheid opgezette DDR-programma's aan bod. Daarnaast blijkt het gebrek aan kennis en psychologische hulp vanuit de overheid een probleem. Toch levert het akkoord op het gebied van economie, politiek en milieu kansen op voor Colombia, maar de lokale paramilitairen en de verkiezing van Iván Duque als nieuwe president, kunnen een bedreiging vormen.Show less
Colombia’s second biggest city of Medellin, once infamous for being the most dangerous city in the world, has been internationally praised as a miraculous example of successful urban intervention...Show moreColombia’s second biggest city of Medellin, once infamous for being the most dangerous city in the world, has been internationally praised as a miraculous example of successful urban intervention to reduce social inequality and curb urban violence and juvenile delinquency through connectivity and the recapturing of public spaces in a city that had lost its public life. The policy, which became widely known as social urbanism, did however marginally contribute to Medellin's reduction in homicide rates but rather contributed to the improvement of Medellin's image as a modern, innovative city and reinforced the narrative of modernity, leaving the criminal structures untouched.Show less
As the Brazilian modernist painter Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973) studies several times in Paris with European avant-garde artist Fernand Léger (1881-1955), it is often claimed that Amaral’s visual...Show moreAs the Brazilian modernist painter Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973) studies several times in Paris with European avant-garde artist Fernand Léger (1881-1955), it is often claimed that Amaral’s visual style tends to cubism. However, throughout Amaral’s career as a painter, she sought ways to distinguish herself and to break away from European dominance. She dedicated herself to painting the local Brazilian landscape aiming at the revaluation of Brazil’s cultural and social features. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, urban life became a dominant topic among modernists. To embody the process of Brazil’s search for breaking away from European dominance, Oswald de Andrade excogitated the theory of Anthropophagy. The use of anthropophagy as a cultural metaphor is a way to visualize the process of the elimination of colonial domination. The present study is a visual analysis of paintings from Amaral and Léger which depict objects from urban life analyzed through the lens of the Anthropophagic theory. The research question is: How does Tarsila do Amaral adopt a decolonial aesthetic in relation to Fernand Léger in the representation of urban life?Show less
