Al jaren is er vanuit verschillende hoeken kritiek op het Nederlandse nieuwsecosysteem. Er verdwijnen titels en media hebben niet meer de capaciteit om nieuwsgebeurtenissen vanuit verschillende...Show moreAl jaren is er vanuit verschillende hoeken kritiek op het Nederlandse nieuwsecosysteem. Er verdwijnen titels en media hebben niet meer de capaciteit om nieuwsgebeurtenissen vanuit verschillende perspectieven te belichten. Dit blijkt des te meer in lokale nieuwsecosystemen. Dit is een gevaar voor de lokale democratie, omdat een divers nieuwsaanbod belangrijk is om iedere bevolkingsgroep een stem te geven. Verschillende organisaties en instituten richten zich daarom op het behoud van diversiteit in de media en stimuleren media die de diversiteit kunnen vergroten. In het terugbrengen van die diversiteit worden vaak alternatieve media als oplossing genoemd. Zij kunnen nieuwe perspectieven bieden en divers nieuws aanbieden. Daar is echter niet iedereen het over eens. Deze scriptie probeert een bijdrage te leveren aan dit debat door te onderzoeken of een medialandschap met meer alternatieve media ook een diverser nieuwsaanbod heeft. De onderzoeksvraag van deze scriptie is als volgt: ‘In welke mate staat het aandeel van alternatieve media binnen lokale medialandschappen in de grootste steden van Nederland in relatie tot de inhoudelijke diversiteit in deze landschappen?’. Deze scriptie vindt plaats binnen het kader van een onderzoek van het Stimuleringsfonds voor de Journalistiek naar de nieuwsecosystemen in de vier grote steden van Nederland. In dit vervolg worden data gebruikt die in drie steden, Amsterdam, Den Haag en Utrecht, verzameld zijn. Ten eerste wordt gezocht naar de steden met het minste en juist grootste aandeel van alternatieve media. Daarna worden deze steden vergeleken op het gebied van diversiteit aan de hand van vier indicatoren: genres, onderwerpen, bronnen en herkomst van online berichten. Tenslotte worden ook alternatieve media met traditionele media op deze punten vergeleken. Als maat voor diversiteit is de Herfindahl-Hirschman index gebruikt. De uitkomsten voor dit onderzoek worden geduid met behulp van een theoretisch kader dat bestaat uit theorieën over het democratisch belang van journalistieke diversiteit en theorieën die uitleggen wat media pluriformiteit en diversiteit zijn of zou moeten zijn. Ook de concepten traditionele/alternatieve media, gatekeeping en churnalism komen aan bod. Utrecht blijkt het grootste aandeel berichten van alternatieve media te hebben, Amsterdam juist het minste. De data wijzen uit dat het nieuwsaanbod in Utrecht echter niet diverser is. Slechts de diversiteit op het gebied van genres lijkt enigszins groter. Het grootste verschil blijkt uit de originaliteit van de berichten. Dit komt ook naar voren bij de vergelijken tussen de twee mediasoorten. Bijna een kwart van de berichten in Utrecht is niet origineel. In Amsterdam zijn alle berichten origineel. Alternatieve media lijken het nieuwsecosysteem niet diverser te maken. Dit onderzoek toont echter geen causaal verband aan. Vervolgonderzoek dat een causaal verband tussen de aanwezigheid van alternatieve media en de diversiteit van het nieuwsaanbod kan leggen is daarom gewenst.Show less
This thesis examines the relationship between pornography and post-Soviet nostalgia in post-2000 Russian cinema, analysing the extent to which the two phenomena are depicted and interact with one...Show moreThis thesis examines the relationship between pornography and post-Soviet nostalgia in post-2000 Russian cinema, analysing the extent to which the two phenomena are depicted and interact with one another. Through formal film analysis of three case studies, this thesis seeks to demonstrate that in addition to the multi-faceted depiction of post-Soviet nostalgia, sex has far from vanished from Russian film screens and often carries symbolic connotations.Show less
Although the period of colonial rule by the Netherlands and Portugal is a thing of the past, there is a plenitude of ‘overseas cultural heritage’ (OCH) around the world, referring to unmoveable...Show moreAlthough the period of colonial rule by the Netherlands and Portugal is a thing of the past, there is a plenitude of ‘overseas cultural heritage’ (OCH) around the world, referring to unmoveable heritage sites that were created under the colonial influence or former presence of nation states on a territory that is not part of these states today. Policy regarding OCH offers complex challenges and possibilities to present-day governments as the heritage is at the crossroads of the cultural and political involvement of both the former colonized and colonizer and thus bridges the colonial past into the current postcolonial reality. Nevertheless, research analysing and comparing OCH policy of former colonial powers at several levels of governance is rare. This thesis builds on, and adds to, the existing research by conducting a multidisciplinary (policy analysis and heritage definition analysis) and multilateral (bilateral and multilateral) comparative analysis of the OCH-policy of the Netherlands and Portugal. At core is the research question: what policy strategy have the Dutch and Portuguese governments developed concerning their OCH in the past century at both bilateral and multilateral level of governance, and to what extent are the policy strategies comparable? To answer this main research question, the thesis conducts a multidisciplinary analysis that combines a policy analysis of the OCH-policy of the Netherlands and Portugal at bilateral and multilateral level of governance at UNESCO, with the examination of the heritage definition at the heart of the existing policy, the latter by examining how the policy deals with the challenging commonality of OCH. The research enabled to map the differences and commonalities of the Dutch and Portuguese OCH-policy strategies.Show less
The main topic of this thesis is compliance with EU directives with a special focus on the issue of timely and correct transposition in the Netherlands. In a broader scope, the issue of...Show moreThe main topic of this thesis is compliance with EU directives with a special focus on the issue of timely and correct transposition in the Netherlands. In a broader scope, the issue of transposition has been extensively covered by the literature on compliance. However, this research adopts a new approach in which possible links between transposition performance and the degree of legal misfit are explored. Doing so, this thesis aims to answer the following research question: To what extent does legal misfit influence the transposition performance of the Netherlands? Based on the literature study the following hypothesis was introduced: The higher the degree of legal misfit the higher the impact on transposition performance. This hypothesis is tested through three directives of the Area of Freedom Security and Justice. This is done by conducting qualitative research that is based on a four-fold classification model that determines the degree of legal misfit of the directives based on the number and extent of the required amendments to the national legal framework. The findings of the analysis of the directives show no direct evidence that unambiguously support the hypothesis. As the hypothesis is rejected, it is concluded that legal misfit only influences the transposition performance of Member States to a limited extent and that the extent is hard to determine.Show less
In deze scriptie is onderzocht wat de organisatievorming en ontwikkeling van de Marokkaanse Vrouwen Vereniging Nederland zegt over de veranderde positie van Marokkaanse vrouwen in Nederland.
Turkey has applied to be member of the European Community already in 1987. Up to this day however, it has not joined and the negotiations have come to a halt. The debate about whether Turkey should...Show moreTurkey has applied to be member of the European Community already in 1987. Up to this day however, it has not joined and the negotiations have come to a halt. The debate about whether Turkey should join the European Union and whether it is compatible with its community has been highly politicised over the last years. The discussion usually revolves around whether Turkey is Eu- ropean enough to be a part of the Union, whether it fulfils all the fundamental criteria to join on an economic, political and social level as well as whether Turkey’s membership would bring about a form of cultural clash. The discourse around the topic and the language employed by policy makers has so far not been as well researched. This paper therefore explores the following research questi- on: “What is the role of an ‘othering’ discourse in the Turkey EU membership negotiations?”. It explores the theoretical framework of Othering and how it connects to the concept of Orientalism. Building on how Europe historically defines itself against an Other, both sides will be analysed on their language. Using methods of critical discourse analysis, the language of Turkish and EU insti- tutional policy makers is examined. Based on this research, tentative conclusions are drawn about the underlying meaning of speeches and remarks and how they fit into the framework of Othering.Show less
Na de Grote Vaderlandse Oorlog laaide de Jodenhaat in de Sovjet-Unie weer op. In deze context werden veel Sovjetjoden zich bewust van hun Joodse identiteit en gaven ze daar op nieuwe wijze vorm aan.
In februari 1992 werd in Maastricht het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie getekend, beter bekend als het Verdrag van Maastricht. De totstandkoming van het Verdrag kent een hobbelige politieke...Show moreIn februari 1992 werd in Maastricht het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie getekend, beter bekend als het Verdrag van Maastricht. De totstandkoming van het Verdrag kent een hobbelige politieke geschiedenis door de uiteenlopende visies die de lidstaten van de Europese Gemeenschappen (EG) op de structuur van een toekomstige Unie hadden. Nederland, onder leiding van Kabinet Lubbers III, volgt Luxemburg in 1991 op als voorzitter van de EG, en moet in het half jaar dat volgt tot een conceptverdrag komen dat als oprichting van de Europese Unie dient. Het Dit werkstuk laat zien hoe Kabinet Lubbers III tot haar standpuntvorming komt over Europese samenwerking, hoe zij dit vertalen in een conceptverdrag, en hoe de andere lidstaten hier op reageren.Show less
The argument presented in this thesis is that constructivist theory offers a useful tool to interpret the effect that CW use has on the international community. It is the social identities and the...Show moreThe argument presented in this thesis is that constructivist theory offers a useful tool to interpret the effect that CW use has on the international community. It is the social identities and the strong prohibitive norm when it comes to the use of CW that construes a reality in which narratives of justification are produced when it comes to the use of force. This moral reality cannot be explained solely rationally, but has roots in decades of social interaction, which makes that violations of norms concerning CWs are put higher on the international agenda than other violations. The relevance of this study lies in the reflection on constructivism as a theoretical tool, but also in its aim to contribute to a broader understanding of how certain types of harm raise more attention in international politics: what causes the international community to be concerned about norm violation? As obvious as the answer of ‘inhumane practices’ seems, it is just a small percentage of suffering that becomes an international concern. The following puzzle has led to the research question: how can we explain the international community’s particular concern about violations of the norm on the prohibition of chemical weapons by using constructivist theory?Show less
In deze scriptie staat het cliëntelisme in de Argentijnse voetbalwereld centraal. Voetbal heeft in Argentinië altijd een prominente rol gespeeld in combinatie met politiek. Vanaf de regering van...Show moreIn deze scriptie staat het cliëntelisme in de Argentijnse voetbalwereld centraal. Voetbal heeft in Argentinië altijd een prominente rol gespeeld in combinatie met politiek. Vanaf de regering van president Juan Domingo Perón in de periode 1946 1955 begon voetbal een steeds grotere rol te spelen in de Argentijnse politiek. Deze combinatie van voetbal en politiek werd gekenmerkt door twee aspecten: het creëren van een nationale culturele identiteit als gevolg van de massa-immigratie en het creëren van een loyale groep aanhangers van het regime. Voetbal was de manier om een eenheid te vormen en werd dan ook gezien als een belangrijk instrument. In 1978 wordt dit instrument op een andere wijze geütiliseerd. Tijdens het dictatoriale regime van generaal Jorge Videla wordt het Wereldkampioenschap Voetbal gebruikt als politieke propaganda en manipulatiemiddel om de gewelddadige situatie in het land te maskeren. Ondanks het verschil in regimes en beweegredenen, werd er gebruik gemaakt van hetzelfde instrument voor politieke doeleinden, namelijk het voetbal. Deze politieke aard van het Argentijnse voetbal blijft ook in de 21ste eeuw voortduren.Show less
This thesis describes the artistic milieu of South Africa and the Netherlands in the 1980s, explaining how the Cultural Boycott of South Africa was perceived and received by both Dutch and...Show moreThis thesis describes the artistic milieu of South Africa and the Netherlands in the 1980s, explaining how the Cultural Boycott of South Africa was perceived and received by both Dutch and Afrikaner writers. Adriaan van Dis was interviewed especially for this thesis, thus adding new historical sources.Show less
This thesis focusses on the question: How has the Chinese propaganda department propagated stories in and outside of China through its new-type mainstream media since the 18th CCP Congress in 2012?...Show moreThis thesis focusses on the question: How has the Chinese propaganda department propagated stories in and outside of China through its new-type mainstream media since the 18th CCP Congress in 2012? The CPD endeavours to send a coherent message to different audiences in order to enhance China’s international image by applying a new media-management strategy that aims at telling better stories to the world about China. This thesis endeavours to identify the rationales of the CPD through an analysis of its structure and the aims of the new media-management strategy. As a case study, eight video clips will be analysed, interpreted and discussed alongside the academic research in order to draw conclusions. On the basis of the video clip analyses, the conclusion is that the CPD tells four different narratives at this moment: the Chinese Dream and rejuvenation discourse; the Belt and Road Initiative; China’s desire to pursue diversity and inclusivity for all in the international system; and using Xi Jinping as a popular idol. Moreover, this thesis shows that the clips fit in the longer tradition of Chinese political communication in the form of visual tifa.Show less
People in the host society usually decide the identity of immigrants by immigrant’s descent and race. However, such criteria of judgment easily lead to the “labeling” of immigrants as “non-natives”...Show morePeople in the host society usually decide the identity of immigrants by immigrant’s descent and race. However, such criteria of judgment easily lead to the “labeling” of immigrants as “non-natives” and “forever foreigner”. And this kind of label is quite often placed on Overseas Chinese. Actually, the process of Overseas Chinese integrating into the host society has similarities with the history of the fusion of Hu and Han nationalities in Chinese history. Thus by comparing to the history of Hu and Han nationalities, a new standard to decide the identity of Chinese immigrants has been brought by this paper. The criteria to judge the identity of Overseas Chinese should not be based on descent and race, but on their cultural identity. The purpose of the paper is to enhance understanding of the difficulty of integrating into the host society faced by Overseas Chinese and tries to make some suggestions which may help to improve the hard situation of Overseas Chinese.Show less
The focus of this thesis is on the role of the Dutch national identity in the perceptions and experiences of a wide array of Dutch Spainfighters, who volunteered to fight on the Republican side in...Show moreThe focus of this thesis is on the role of the Dutch national identity in the perceptions and experiences of a wide array of Dutch Spainfighters, who volunteered to fight on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s. It aims to understand how the volunteers dealt with the potential for clashes between the imagined communities of the Dutch nation-state and the border transcending, transnational appeal of their left-wing ideology. This thesis demonstrates that they felt loyalty both to the transnational community of left-wing and communist sympathizers, and the national Dutch community. It argues that the motivation of the Spainfighters is closely linked to their national identity, which they tried to construct in symbiosis with their transnational thoughts via the message of anti-fascism. As such, the thesis adds to the understanding of the phenomenon of foreign fighters. Next to the conscious building of national identity, national sentiments and practical culture played a considerable role in the daily reality of the Spainfighters, which is especially relevant if the rather mythical image of the International Brigades as a classic example of a transnational army is taken into account. As the case of the Dutch Spainfighters illustrates, the International Brigades provided space and even recognition for national identity as an organizing entity and as such functioned more as an ideologically motivated international army. For this reason, this thesis suggests that the fundaments of the supposedly transnational movement of support to the Spanish Republic may partly be built on national tensions and the resulting compromises. While studying transnational movements in the twentieth century, it therefore may be worth the effort to analyze the role of national identity, of national political culture.Show less
