Dit onderzoek focust op de vergelijkingen die werden gemaakt tussen de Tweede Wereldoorlog en de Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsoorlog. In het bijzonder staan vergelijkingen in de media en...Show moreDit onderzoek focust op de vergelijkingen die werden gemaakt tussen de Tweede Wereldoorlog en de Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsoorlog. In het bijzonder staan vergelijkingen in de media en egodocumenten van Nederlandse soldaten centraal.Show less
Bij het uitbreken van de Eerste Wereldoorlog ging de Tweede Kamer in Nederland een periode in dat later de 'godsvrede' genoemd zou worden. Het beleid van de regering werd in die periode unaniem...Show moreBij het uitbreken van de Eerste Wereldoorlog ging de Tweede Kamer in Nederland een periode in dat later de 'godsvrede' genoemd zou worden. Het beleid van de regering werd in die periode unaniem door het parlement goedgekeurd. De gedachte hierbij was dat de Nederlandse regering in dat geval zo goed als mogelijk ervoor kon zorgen dat de Nederlandse neutraliteit gewaarborgd zou blijven. Toch waren er wel parlementaire debatten, waarbij lange toespraken van parlementariërs niet zeldzaam bleven. Wat werd er tijdens de debatten besproken, terwijl het beleid unaniem goedgekeurd werd? Hoe keken de parlementariërs naar hun eigen rol en naar de rol van het parlement als instituut? Wat voor retoriek gebruikten de parlementariërs bij hun toespraken? Hoe keek de Nederlandse pers naar de toespraken van de Kamerleden?Show less
This thesis explores the impact of Orientalist discourse on the credibility and role of the United States as an honest mediator in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly following the Camp...Show moreThis thesis explores the impact of Orientalist discourse on the credibility and role of the United States as an honest mediator in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly following the Camp David Accords. Drawing upon critical discourse analysis, the study examines how language, narratives, and perspectives articulated by the U.S. may reflect or perpetuate Orientalist biases, influencing perceptions of fairness and impartiality in diplomatic efforts. By delving into the interplay between discourse, diplomacy, and power dynamics, this research aims to shed light on the complexities shaping the U.S.'s role as a fair and honest mediator in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Through analysis of pivotal speeches, documents, and diplomatic interactions, this study offers insights into the challenges posed by Orientalist discourse on peace processes in the Middle East. It concludes with critical reflections for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in conflict resolution efforts.Show less
Psychedelic research has consistently marginalized Ingan knowledge of Yagé due to a colonial history that has consistently treated indigenous (1) understanding of reality and (2) ways of knowledge...Show morePsychedelic research has consistently marginalized Ingan knowledge of Yagé due to a colonial history that has consistently treated indigenous (1) understanding of reality and (2) ways of knowledge as inferior. Next, I will show how psychedelic researchers, by assuming the superiority of physicalism and the reductionistic scientific method, ignore the importance of qualia, or personal experience, in understanding yagé, an aspect crucial for appreciating the knowledge of the Inga. Lastly, I will assert that psychedelic research is fundamentally a colonial practice and that to decolonize the colonial mindset of psychedelic researchers, psychedelic researchers must adopt the praxis of biophilia: love of all life. I claim that the love of all life allows us to return to an appreciation of the sacred and that through a return of the sacred, we can transform the oppressive relationship between psychedelic researchers and Ingan people.Show less
How does the notion of the common good in Machiavelli's Prince and Discourses compare to the common good of classical political philosophy? It would seem that Machiavelli, as the harbinger of...Show moreHow does the notion of the common good in Machiavelli's Prince and Discourses compare to the common good of classical political philosophy? It would seem that Machiavelli, as the harbinger of modernity and amoral political 'machiavellianism', can leave no room for the common good in his thought. However, a close examination of The Prince and the Discourses on Livy will reveal that the common good is allotted an ambiguous place in Machiavelli's thinking. The author concludes that, whereas Machiavelli's Prince is a truly amoral work devoid of consideration for the common good, the Discourses on Livy show a unique mixture between 'machiavellian' themes and classical ideas about liberty, the mixed regime, and statesmanship in the common interest.Show less
Code switching can be defined as the use of more than one language, or ‘code’, by someone engaged in speech or text. It is a practise employed by multilinguals in both oral and written...Show moreCode switching can be defined as the use of more than one language, or ‘code’, by someone engaged in speech or text. It is a practise employed by multilinguals in both oral and written conversations. Different multilinguals will have different switching patterns. These patterns can vary depending on the speaker’s language proficiency, community norms, the typology of their languages, and the cultural or political relations these languages might have with one another, among many other reasons. Code switching between Spanish and English and Spanish and French has been the subject of various studies. Although trilingual research is rare (e.g. Parafita Couto et al., 2023; Valdés Kroff et al., 2023), there has also been some research on the connection between Spanish, French and English, but most of this work is based in the French-speaking provinces of Canada (e.g. COLEM, 2023; Pato, 2019, 2022). This paper aims to study the code-switching patterns among a set of trilingual siblings living in Geneva who have Colombian heritage and attend a British school in the city. The participants recorded themselves for up to 30 minutes having casual conversations following a prompt in three separate occasions. The switches were identified alongside general information about the corpus, such as how many languages were present in each clause, the clauses’ matrix language, the general use of each language in the corpus, among others. This paper focuses on intraclausal switching. We followed Deuchar et al. (2007)’s methodology which categorises each intraclausal switch into insertion, alteration, or congruent lexicalisation according to the code switching pattern it most aligned with following Muysken’s typology of bilingual speech patterns (2000).Because English, Spanish and French are typologically similar, combined with the fact our participants are fluent in all three languages, and due to the culturally open context of Geneva, we expected alternation to be the dominant switch pattern in the recorded conversations. Having said this, since the participants go to a British school where their education is mainly in English, and because the Colombian community in Geneva is not as big as other bilingual communities around the world, a dominant insertional pattern was also a possibility. The corpus was composed of mainly unilingual clauses with 7.8% of the first recording being bilingual clauses, 19.6% of the second recording, and 8.95% of the third. Only three clauses in the entire corpus were trilingual out of 1215. Once we had analysed the entirety of the conversations, the dominant pattern was indeed overwhelmingly insertion with 77.55% of the switches in the corpus presenting this pattern. Congruent lexicalisation was present in 11.56% of the switches and alternation in the other 10.88%. Although these results do not necessarily align with our expectations of codeswitching in Switzerland, we believe our participants’ specific background, namely the fact that language separation is encouraged in the different spheres of their lives, could explain the prevalence of insertion over alternation in our case study. We hope our research will contribute to bigger corpus studies of trilingual codeswitching patterns in different communities.Show less
